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文中总结单舰航线水文气象保障业务的特点、难点,并结合航线水文气象保障的现状提出一些个人的建设性建议。 相似文献
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对2012年7月3—5日和2013年6月30日至7月1日四川盆地东南部四川省和重庆市交界处的琼江流域两次洪水过程的水文气象条件进行了分析。利用数字高程模型DEM提取了琼江流域的河网分布和河道距离出口的分布,结合标准化时间距离方法客观地反映了降水（尤其是强降水）的时空分布情况。SWAN输出的组合反射率因子拼图表明两次琼江流域的强降水均由多段强降水雨带导致,对流系统多在右岸支流源头新生,移向与河流流向一致,在干流产生洪水的叠加效应。由于“6．30”过程中强回波几乎覆盖整个琼江流域长达约16 h,导致严重的洪水叠加效应,洪水漫过原有河道形成大面积滞洪区,洪水行至下游河段回归河槽时,加之河道收窄,造成下游水文站洪峰时间滞后。 相似文献
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2002年广东沿海赤潮与海洋水文气象关系的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2001年1月—2002年12月广东沿海赤潮实况与海洋水文气象要素的实测资料,分析了广东沿海赤潮发生与海洋水文气象关系。结果表明：在大万山海域出现六级强风的情况下仍然可以发生赤潮;中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum,斜体表示拉丁文,下同)和无纹环沟藻(Gyrodinium instriatum)最大增殖速率的发生环境为：海水温度27.51～29.81 ℃、盐度20.06‰～31.94‰、气温22.7～30.4 ℃、风速0.3～12.0 m/s、气压995.9～1 002.0 hPa、相对湿度72%～98%;风速减弱、气压下降、水温和盐度升高、降水偏少是诱发赤潮大爆发的海洋环境因素。另外,2002年赤道太平洋发生的El Ni?o事件,导致中国东南沿海的水温、盐度、风速、相对湿度、气压及广东降水量发生异常变化,对赤潮的形成和发展有重要影响。 相似文献
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Lareef Zubair 《水文研究》2003,17(12):2439-2448
As part of an effort to demonstrate the use of climate predictions for water resources management, the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences on stream flow in the Kelani River in Sri Lanka were investigated using correlation analysis, composite analysis and contingency tables. El Niño (warm phase of ENSO) was associated with decreased annual stream flow and La Niña (cold phase of ENSO) with increased annual flows. The annual stream flow had a negative correlation with the simultaneous ENSO index of NINO3·4 that was significant at the 95% level. This negative correlation is enhanced to a 99% level if the aggregate January to September or the April to September stream flow alone were considered. Although, there is little correlation between ENSO indices and stream flow during the October to December period, there is a high correlation between rainfall and NINO3·4 (r = 0·51, significant at the 99% level). Therefore ENSO based rainfall predictions can be used along with a hydrological model to predict the October to December stream flow. This study demonstrates the viability of using ENSO based predictors for January to September or April to September stream flow predictions in the Kelani River. The October to December stream flow may be predicted by exploiting the strong relationship between ENSO and rainfall during that period. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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利用"中国西北干旱区陆—气相互作用实验"观测的资料,分析了大气湿度、土壤含水量、与土壤含水量相关的陆面参数及其他陆面参数特征。为了验证新的陆面参数及参数化公式,将新陆面参数与参数化公式输入陆面模式进行模拟,将模拟值与观测值进行了比较。结果表明输入新参数及参数化公式的模拟效果更好。 相似文献
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Yuval Shmilovitz Efrat Morin Yair Rinat Itai Haviv Genadi Carmi Amit Mushkin Yehouda Enzel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(7):1644-1659
Documenting hillslope response to hydroclimatic forcing is crucial to our understanding of landscape evolution. The evolution of talus-pediment sequences (talus flatirons) in arid areas was often linked to climatic cycles, although the physical processes that may account for such a link remain obscure. Our approach is to integrate field measurements, remote sensing of rainfall and modeling to link between storm frequency, runoff, erosion and sediment transport. We present a quantitative hydrometeorological analysis of rainstorms, their geomorphic impact and their potential role in the evolution of hyperarid talus-pediment slopes in the Negev desert, Israel. Rainstorm properties were defined based on intensity–duration–frequency curves and using a rainfall simulator, artificial rainstorms were executed in the field. Then, the obtained measured experimental results were up-scaled to the entire slope length using a fully distributed hydrological model. In addition, natural storms and their hydro-geomorphic impacts were monitored using X-band radar and time-lapse cameras. These integrated analyses constrain the rainfall threshold for local runoff generation at rain intensity of 14 to 22 mm h-1 for a duration of five minutes and provide a high-resolution characterization of small-scale runoff-generating rain cells. The current frequency of such runoff-producing rainstorms is ~1–3 per year. However, extending this local value into the full extent of hillslope runoff indicates that it occurs only under rainstorms with ≥ 100-years return interval, or 1% annual exceedance probability. Sheetwash efficiency rises with downslope distance; beyond a threshold distance of ~100 m, runoff during rainstorms with such annual exceedance probability are capable of transporting surface clasts. The erosion efficiency of these discrete rare events highlights their potential importance in shaping the landscape of arid regions. Our results support the hypothesis that a shift in the properties and frequency of extreme events can trigger significant geomorphic transitions in areas that remained hyperarid during the entire Quaternary. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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1961—2010年讨赖河山区径流变化特征及其驱动因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以1961—2010年讨赖河山区气温、降水和径流资料为基础,综合运用线性趋势、距平百分比、重标极差、Mann-Kendall突变检测、小波变换和多元线性回归等多种数理分析方法,研究了讨赖河山区径流的年内和年际变化规律,并探讨了气候变化和人类活动对径流变化的影响。结果表明：径流年内分配极不均匀且呈单峰型分布,汛期径流占年径流的比重为62.11%。径流经历了“丰-枯-丰-枯”4次波动,在1984年发生由多到少的显著性突变,但整体呈不显著减少趋势且具有持久性。径流在22年准周期上振荡最为明显,经历了“少-多-少-多-少-多-少”7次循环交替,2010—2015年径流可能再次偏多。近50年来山区气温呈“稳定波动-快速上升”变化,降水量呈显著增加趋势,但山区降水转化为径流的比例减少。气温升高和降水量增加引起的蒸散发增加,同时气候变化和人类活动共同作用下的地表覆盖类型的变化均对径流变化产生影响。 相似文献
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科尔沁沙地榆树生长与水文气象因子的关系及气候重建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用科尔沁沙地通辽市扎鲁特旗鲁北镇附近榆树树木年轮资料,建立了长度为97 a的榆树标准年表,通过标准年表和鲁北地区水文气象资料相关,分析了榆树生长与水文气象因子的关系.结果表明:年轮指数与7月份降水量、年降水量、8月和9月蒸发量之和的相关系数最大,由此,通过标准年表重建了该地区1906-1951年46 a的7月份降水量、年降水量、8月和9月蒸发量之和序列,经验证,重建序列具有较好的可靠性.对比发现,树木年轮指数均值随年降水量均值的增大而增大,沙尘暴发生日数总数随降水量均值的增大而减少,间接说明沙尘暴的发生对榆树的生长可能造成负面影响. 相似文献