Quantitative evaluation of the rainfall influence on streamflow in an inland mountainous river basin within Central Asia     

Congjian Sun  Yaning Chen  Wei Chen  Weibo Liu  Yongqing Zhang 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(1):17-30

Stable isotopes of water have been widely used in understanding the hydrological functions of alpine inland catchments. This study identifies dominant runoff generation mechanisms based on isotopic data (δ¹⁸O and δ²H) of 487 rainwater and river-water samples from three tributaries in the Tarim River Basin in China for the period May–September 2013. The isotope hydrograph separation results provide a comprehensive overview of the rainfall influence on hydrological processes. Stream water and groundwater have varied responses to different intensities of rainfall events. Only a small proportion of rainfall is directly transported to the stream during such events. An inconsistent temporal trend of event water contribution is observed in the three catchments. The average fractional contributions of rainfall for the Tizinafu, Kumalak and Huangshuigou rivers are 10.3% (±1.1%), 9.7% (±2.9%) and 8.7% (±2.4%), respectively.  相似文献   

Prediction of vegetation anomalies over an inland river basin in north‐western China          下载免费PDF全文

Jing Fu  Jun Niu  Bellie Sivakumar 《水文研究》2018,32(12):1814-1827

Vegetation cover plays an important role in linking the atmosphere, water, and land and is deemed as a key indicator in the terrestrial ecological system. Therefore, it is of great importance to monitor vegetation dynamics and understand the mechanisms of vegetation change, including that driven by climate change. This study examines (a) the evolution of vegetation dynamics over the Heihe River Basin in the typical arid zone in north‐western China using nonparametric Mann–Kendall test and Thiel Sen's slope; (b) the relationships between remotely sensed vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI] and enhanced vegetation index [EVI]) and hydroclimatic variables based on correlation analysis; and (c) the prediction of vegetation anomalies using a multiple linear regression model. For the analysis, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NDVI/EVI product and the gridded daily meteorological data at a spatial resolution of 0.125° over the period 2001–2010 are considered. The results indicate that vegetation cover improved over a large proportion during 2001–2010, with a significant trend towards warm and wet, characterized by an increase in average annual temperature and precipitation by 0.042 °C/year and 5.8 mm/year, respectively. We test the feasibility of NDVI and EVI in quantifying the responses of vegetation anomaly to climate change and develop a statistical model to predict vegetation dynamics in the basin. The NDVI‐based model is found to be more reliable than the EVI‐based model, partly due to the vegetation characteristics and geomorphologic properties of the study region. The proposed model performs well when there is no lag time between meteorological factors and vegetation indices for grassland and cropland, whereas 1‐month lead time prediction is found to be best for forest. The soil water content is introduced as an extra explanatory variable, which effectively improves the prediction accuracy for different land use types. In general, the predictive ability of the proposed model is stable and satisfactory, and the model can provide useful early warning information for regional water resources management under changing climate.  相似文献   

基于SWMM-CCHE2D耦合模型的海绵城市内涝管控效果评价     

房亚军  于川淇  金鑫 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(2):582-591

为了解决暴雨导致的城市内涝,为应急管理提供技术支撑,考虑城市暴雨过程及海绵地表特性,结合城市水文学及水力学原理和芝加哥雨型,建立了SWMM-CCHE2D耦合模型。结合高精度地形数据和降雨、径流实时监测数据,采用SWMM雨洪模型模拟暴雨条件下海绵城市的产流,耦合高精度的二维水动力模型CCHE2D模拟相应的内涝情况。结果表明：暴雨条件下通州海绵区的产汇流具有缓慢下渗和汇流的特性,主要海绵措施的加入对径流削减率会有9.0%~40.6%不同程度的提高,从而减缓内涝,其中,对5年一遇暴雨的效果最显著;在100年一遇暴雨下设计的各种海绵措施中,生物滞留带对径流削减率的提高程度最明显,高达28.4%,透水铺装和绿地也具有较好的效果。  相似文献   

基于CJ-57编码的长江电子航道图研究     

胡定军 《现代测绘》2011,34(5):58-59

本文以长江数字航道与智能航运建设示范工程(南京至浏河口河段)为依托,介绍了国际标准电子海图的发展情况,着重阐述了基于S-57编码的长江内河电子航道图(iENCs)的关键技术,以保证长江电子航道图的生产、应用遵循相关国际标准,同时也尽量体现长江内河流域的航道特征。  相似文献   

欧洲内河游船业的运营区域与经营策略及其启示     

宋立中  李芬  王会 《世界地理研究》2011,20(2):107-118

随着后工业社会的来临,西方社会形成了普遍的消费主义休闲文化,河流旅游为满足后现代游客追求独特体验的需要提供了一种很好的选择,而游船则是这种旅游方式的有效载体。近年来欧洲内河游船业的经营规模、接待人数和营业收入持续增长。其经营的重点区域在中欧、西欧和北欧。由于竞争激烈,各游船公司针对细分市场不断采取差别化的经营策略。其旅游产品主题化、组合化、多元化,线路设计周密化,服务设施个性化以及运河遗产和货运驳船的适应性再利用等策略,对我国游船业的发展具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

中国沿海与内陆旅游演艺差异性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘玲  林宪生 《云南地理环境研究》2011,23(3):74-79

随着国内旅游业的快速发展和人们休闲意识的日渐增强,中国旅游演艺业得到了迅速的发展,呈现出强劲的发展态势。依据文化产业的相关知识和文化地理学有关文化与环境的理论知识,调查研究了中国沿海和内陆旅游演艺业的不同之处,运用归纳法总结中国各省目前较为有名的旅游演艺产品,论述了中国旅游演艺业的发展概况、中国沿海和内陆旅游演艺业差异性主要表现,并分析了产生差异性的主要原因是文化差异、区域发展不平衡和体制完善程度不同。  相似文献   

开放条件下重庆地区城镇化对土地利用效率的影响及区位差异   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨勇 《地域研究与开发》2011,30(3):112-116

经济开放和城镇化大幅度促进经济增长是中国30年经济持续增长的重要经验。内陆地区经济赶超更加受到人地耦合系统脆弱性的挑战。在对国内外关于城镇化与土地利用关系相关文献述评的基础上,以重庆40个区县为例,通过对其城镇化水平、开放度、技术水平、区位指数及城镇建设用地综合效率进行测算,采用多元回归方法实证分析了重庆40个区县在开放条件下城镇化对土地利用效率的影响及机制。研究发现:区位因素并不像在沿海地区一样对土地利用效率起着显著性作用;土地利用效率的高低严重依赖于物质资本投入密度,而不是人力资本投入密度;极低的人力资本积累和大量缺乏训练的劳动力涌入城市,降低了城市土地利用效率并提高了经济系统的脆弱性;城镇化极为显著地促进了土地利用效率,而开放度的促进作用却不明显,二者并没有形成理论上提升土地利用综合效率的合力。  相似文献   

中国城镇化地区贡献的内陆化演变与解释——基于1982-2008年省区数据的分析   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

曹广忠  刘涛 《地理学报》2011,66(12):1631-1643

改革开放30 年来,中国持续快速的经济发展和城镇化受到了世界关注.由于政策环境和地理基础的差异性,地带间差异成为中国城镇化空间差异的主要特征:在多元动力的共同推动下,东部十省的快速城镇化为全国的城镇化进程贡献了49%.新世纪以来,随着西部大开发、东北老工业基地振兴和中部崛起三大区域发展战略的相继提出,政策和地理基础的地带间差异逐步缩小,国内外投资重点向内陆转移,外出务工人员的回流与创业成为人口流动的新特征,带动中西部地区对全国城镇化的贡献迅速提升,中国城镇化的重心向内陆转移,省区城镇化趋同现象比较明显.这些新现象在2005 年以来更加强化.实证结果表明,区域发展战略的提出促进内陆省份对全国城镇化的贡献率提高了8.7%,但并没有对中国省区城镇化的动力机制产生影响;沿海地区产业转移和国际市场的开拓将成为内陆地区城镇化的重要依托.  相似文献   

干旱内陆河流域地表水地下水联合调度研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

孙栋元  伊力哈木  冯省利  赵成义 《地理科学进展》2009,28(2)

地表水-地下水联合调度是解决干旱内陆河流域水资源短缺的一个有效途径,对干旱区水资源优化配置具有重要意义.以地表水地下水联合调度内涵为基础.分析了干旱内陆河地表水-地下水联合调度模式的国内外研究现状.对地表水地下水联合调度的研究方法进行了评价并指出存在的不足之处,展望了地表水与地下水联合调度的研究趋势.指出在未来地表水-地下水联合调度中应加强与气象学、生态学等多学科交叉研究.探讨内陆河水资源高效利用模式和基于生态健康和环境发展的内陆河环境需水定值方法与阈值.开发内陆河地表水地下水联合调度信息系统和管理模式.指出综合水循环组成部分的集成模型是地表水-地下水联合调度模型发展的必然趋势.  相似文献   

Soil moisture dynamics across landscape types in an arid inland river basin of Northwest China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

Hu Liu  Wenzhi Zhao  Zhibin He  Jintao Liu 《水文研究》2015,29(15):3328-3341

A combination of field measurements, continuous monitoring and numerical modelling was used to evaluate soil moisture regimes at four sites across a landscape gradient of the Heihe River Basin. Recorded data of precipitation, irrigation and floods were used to build the model, and an optimization technique was employed to calibrate the parameters. Based on the optimized parameters and estimates of future scenarios, the modelling structure was employed to predict the changes in the growing season soil moisture regimes due to climate change and intensive management. The results suggest that the upper‐reach Yeniugou and Xishui sites will become wetter because of alterations in the precipitation regime, and this trend could be strengthened by the expected amplified interannual variability. Precipitation features at middle‐reach Linze and lower‐reach Ejina, however, are not expected to change in the future. We assumed that a more water‐saving irrigation system will replace the current traditional one, and hence, the soil moisture probability density function at the Linze site would tend to be narrowed to ranges around either the wilting point or the point of incipient water stress, depending on how the intervention point and target level are settled. Ejina is expected to experience the most extreme ecological conversion effects in the future, and soil moisture would be more frequently recharged by water delivery. However, the soil moisture regime would not change much because of the poor water‐holding capacity and intensive evaporation. The revealed patterns and predicted shifts in soil moisture dynamics could provide a useful reference for identifying robust long‐term water resource management strategies for the Heihe River Basin. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献