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The paper presents a discussion of the ventilation inception and air drawing prediction of ships propellers, aiming to predict under what conditions ventilation will happen, and the actual physical mechanism of the ventilation.Three different types of ventilation inception mechanisms are included in our discussion: free surface vortex ventilation, ventilation by sucking down the free surface without forming a vortex as well as ventilation by propeller coming out of the water. Ventilation prediction is based on a series of model tests, where the propeller is tested in different levels of intermittent ventilation. The use of underwater video gives a visual understanding of the ventilation phenomena.Ventilation by vortex formation has analogies with other phenomena, such as the inlet vortex in pump sumps, ground vortex at the inlet of the aircraft engines and the Propeller Hull Vortex Cavitation (PHVC). The paper includes comparison between Propeller Hull Vortex Cavitation (PHVC) and Propeller Free Surface Vortex Ventilation (PFSVV) as well as comparison between PFSVV and vortex formations of aero engines during high power operation near a solid surface.Experimental data based on several different model tests shows the boundary between the vortex forming, non-vortex forming and free surface ventilation flow regimes. For comparison the following parameters, which determined the intensity of the hydrodynamic interaction between the propeller and free surface have been used: propeller load coefficient cT, tip clearance ratio c/D, propeller submergence ratio h/R, ambient velocity Vi and flow cavitation/ventilation number σcav/σvent. 相似文献
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The nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi in March 2011 has led the nuclear community to consider seismic isolation for new large light water and small modular reactors to withstand the effects of beyond design basis loadings, including extreme earthquakes. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission is sponsoring a research project that will quantify the response of low damping rubber (LDR) and lead rubber (LR) bearings under loadings associated with extreme earthquakes. Under design basis loadings, the response of an elastomeric bearing is not expected to deviate from well‐established numerical models, and bearings are not expected to experience net tension. However, under extended or beyond design basis shaking, elastomer shear strains may exceed 300% in regions of high seismic hazard, bearings may experience net tension, the compression and tension stiffness will be affected by isolator lateral displacement, and the properties of the lead core in LR bearings will degrade in the short‐term because of substantial energy dissipation. New mathematical models of LDR and LR bearings are presented for the analysis of base isolated structures under design and beyond design basis shaking, explicitly considering both the effects of lateral displacement and cyclic vertical and horizontal loading. These mathematical models extend the available formulations in shear and compression. Phenomenological models are presented to describe the behavior of elastomeric isolation bearings in tension, including the cavitation and post‐cavitation behavior. The elastic mechanical properties make use of the two‐spring model. Strength degradation of LR bearing under cyclic shear loading due to heating of lead core is incorporated. The bilinear area reduction method is used to include variation of critical buckling load capacity with lateral displacement. The numerical models are coded in OpenSees, and the results of numerical analysis are compared with test data. The effect of different parameters on the response is investigated through a series of analyses. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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空化空蚀和掺气减蚀机理的研究是高速射流研究的重要方面。在微淹没条件下,保证闸室面积与射流出口面积比不变,对设置门槽的有压矩形闸室后接圆管射流的突扩突跌消力池空化特性进行减压试验,其中跌坎高度S（5.5 m和4.0 m）和圆管长度L2（L2/d=2、1和0,d为圆管直径）。跌坎高度S从5.5 m降低至4.0 m,门槽及圆管射流出口处消力池边墙发生空化的可能性变化仅10%。圆管长度L2/d=2和0时门槽发生空化的可能性比L2/d=1时高出40%~60%;而L2/d=0时圆管射流出口处边墙的空化可能性比L2/d=1时可高出260%,L2继续增加对空化特性的不利影响有限。增加跌坎高度S有利于水流掺气,为达到良好的掺气减蚀效果,不宜过低。因此,跌坎高度S对门槽及圆管射流出口处消力池边墙空化特性影响较小,而圆管长度L2对其空化特性影响较大。 相似文献
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Ventilated cavitation which is acknowledged as an efficient drag reduction technology for underwater vehicle is characterised by the very disparate length and time scales, posing great difficulty in the application of this technology. A multiscale numerical approach which integrates a sub-grid air entrainment model into the two-fluid framework is proposed in this paper to resolve the complex flow field created by ventilated cavity. Simulations have been carried out for the partially ventilated cavity underneath flat plate, with special efforts putting on understanding the gas entrainment at the cavity tail and the bubble dispersion process downstream. The flow parameters including the void fraction, the bubble velocity and the bubble size distributions in and downstream of the ventilated cavity are fully investigated. Comparisons between the numerical results with the experimental data are in satisfactory agreement, demonstrating the potential of the proposed methodology. The ventilation rate effect on the cavity shape and bubbly flow parameters are further investigated, obtaining the law of bubble dispersion and the bubble size evolution. This research not only provide a useful method for the investigation on the multiscale multiphase flow, but also give insight on understanding the combined drag reduction mechanism resulted from large-scale cavity and microbubbles. 相似文献
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Analysis of macroscopic desiccation shrinkage experiments indicates that most, but not all of the shrinkage during drying occurs while soil is still saturated. Shrinkage practically ceases and air starts to penetrate the soil, when the water content is still quite high, for example, above 20% for the tested soils. The remaining, unsaturated drying process occurs with a much‐reduced shrinkage rate. In this context, we examine data of the pore system evolution as represented by the mercury porosimetry experimental results. The process is then modeled as a two‐stage process of deformation and evacuation of a two‐tube vessel system driven by the external evaporation flux. In the first stage, Poiseuille flow occurs through the vessels. The amount of water evaporated in this stage equals to the reduction of volume of the vessel through the deformation of its walls. This stage ends when a negative water pressure (suction) required to further deform the vessel reaches a critical value at which air enters the pore space. Two physical interpretation of such threshold are discussed. In the subsequent stage, evaporation proceeds with a receding liquid/vapor interface starting from the open end, incrementally emptying the vessel but with a marginal water flow and vessel deformation. The leading variables of the process are identified, and a quantifiable multiphysics meso‐scale scenario of models is established. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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利用原型监测成果分析和介绍了葛洲坝一号船闸反孤形输水阀门空化特性.通过对噪声信号分析,阐述了几种运行方式下阀门底缘空化及顶缝空化特性,首次揭示阀门开启之初底缘和底板之间也可能出现缝隙空化.介绍了空化对门后水流压力和对阀门启门力脉动的影响,分析了空化低频噪声和阀门振动的相互关系. 相似文献