Maximum earthquake magnitudes in the Aegean area constrained by tectonic moment release rates   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

G. Ch. Koravos  I. G. Main  T. M. Tsapanos  R. M. W. Musson 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,152(1):94-112

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Mean slope-angle frequency distribution and size frequency distribution of landslide masses in Higashikubiki area, Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Junko Iwahashi  Shiaki Watanabe  Takahiko Furuya 《Geomorphology》2003,50(4):349-364

Landslide mass size frequency distributions and mean slope-angle frequency distributions were calculated for slump, slide, and creep type landslides in the Higashikubiki area. Mean slope-angle frequency distributions closely approximated Weibull distributions. Size frequency distributions show power-law dependencies. Both can be explained by modeling landslides as linked uniform blocks in tensile force. Power coefficients for size frequency distributions were 2.01–2.32 (approximation to power functions) or 2.10–2.24 (approximation to Pareto distributions).  相似文献   

A physical statistical approach to erosion     

S. Hergarten  H. J. Neugebauer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1996,85(1):65-70

Erosion is a complex process consisting of many components such as surface runoff, impact of raindrops, wind forces, soil and rock mechanics, etc. Trying to integrate all these processes into a physical model seems to be hopeless. In order to understand the variety of natural shapes and patterns produced by erosion we present an integrated statistical approach. Our model is based on simple physical constraints for the separation of amalgamated particles (abrasion) and for the movement of loose particles (denudation) and on the laws of statistics. After some simplifications, we obtain a nonlinear system of partial differential equations which is solved using finite volume techniques. The model is suitable for the formation of different types of rill systems and the episodic behaviour of erosion processes, a kind of self-organized criticality. Besides effects of inhomogeneities, e.g. the formation of terraces can be investigated.  相似文献   

An inverse cascade model for self-organized complexity and natural hazards     

Gleb Yakovlev  William I. Newman  Donald L. Turcotte  Andrei Gabrielov 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,163(2):433-442

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Quantitative evidence for the fractal nature of the stratigraphie record: results and implications     

Robin J. Bailey 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2005,116(2):129-138

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Scale Invariances in the Morphology and Evolution of Braided Rivers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Efi Foufoula-Georgiou  Victor Sapozhnikov 《Mathematical Geology》2001,33(3):273-291

This paper presents an overview and synthesis of an extensive research effort to characterize and quantify scale invariances in the morphology and evolution of braided rivers. Braided rivers were shown to exhibit anisotropic spatial scaling (self-affinity) in their morphology, implying a statistical scale invariance under appropriate rescaling of the axes along and perpendicular to the main direction of flow. The scaling exponents were found similar in rivers of diverse flow regimes, slopes, types of bed material and braid plain widths, indicating the presence of universal features in the underlying mechanisms responsible for the formation of their spatial structure. In regions where predominant geologic controls or predominant flow paths were present, no spatial scaling was found. Regarding their spatiotemporal evolution, braided rivers were found to exhibit dynamic scaling, implying that a smaller part of a braided river evolves identically to a larger one provided that space and time are appropriately normalized. Based on these findings, and some additional analysis of experimental rivers as they approach equilibrium, it was concluded that the mechanism bringing braided rivers to a state where they show spatial and temporal scaling is self-organized criticality and inferences about the physical mechanisms of self-organization were suggested.  相似文献   

A cellular-automata, slider-block model for earthquakes II. Demonstration of self-organized criticality for a 2-D system     

Jie Huang  Galina Narkounskaia  Donald L. Turcotte 《Geophysical Journal International》1992,111(2):259-269

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地质系统的复杂性--地质科学的基本问题(Ⅱ)   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

於崇文 《地球科学》2003,28(1):31-40

笔者根据其所提出的“地质作用与时空结构是一切地质现象的本质与核心”的自然哲学理念将地质科学的学科体系划分为地球物质的成分与结构、地质作用、地质学场与地质系统的演化等四大基本领域,它与9个重大基础地质问题以及与其相关的基础理论问题相对应（表2）,笔者将其已发表的地质科学的复杂性理论“地质作用的临界过程动力学－地质系统在混沌边缘分形生长”应用于研究9个重大基础地质问题,着重对于其中所包含的主要基础理论问题的实质及其理论与研究方法作较深入而简要的剖析。目的是通过将地质系统的复杂性作为地质科学的基本问题的新视角对古老而常新的地质科学进行再认识,将重大基础地质问题的研究提高到非线性科学和复杂性理论的层次,并实现地质科学向精确科学的跨越,取得突破性进展。  相似文献   

成矿动力系统在混沌边缘的分形生长——一种新的成矿理论与方法论     

於崇文 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2002,21(2):103-113

笔将复杂性理论及非线性科学与矿床地质学相结合,对我国扬子古陆周缘6个矿集区的基本范式进行系统研究。结果指出,成矿系统总体上是开放、远离平衡、时－空延展的动力学系统。它们具有复杂性和自组织临界性的内禀基本属性,并且在混沌边缘分形生长。  相似文献   

城市人口分布空间自相关的功率谱分析   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

陈彦光  刘继生 《地球科学进展》2006,21(1):1-9

从理论上可以证明标准的城市人口密度负指数距离衰减模型本质上是一种空间相关函数，基于这种思想对Clark模型进行Fourier变换，可以导出城市人口密度的幂次频谱分布，且功率谱指数理应为β=2±。负指数与幂指数的这种变换关系暗示了城市地理系统简单与复杂的辩证关系。借助中国杭州市4年的人口普查资料转换的平均人口密度分布数据对上述推论进行检验，发现β渐进式趋近于2但并不约等于2。将β值进一步换算为人口过程的分维D和Hurst指数H，结果表明：城市人口具有长程负相关作用，但这种空间作用显示明确的局域化倾向。目前的城市形态演化模拟几乎无一例外地引入了长程作用，根据杭州人口分布的局域化特征，有关地理长程作用的假设和应用有必要重新探讨。  相似文献