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Quantitative analyses of variations in morphological features of charcoal were undertaken in a 210Pb-dated sediment core from Prosser Lake (British Columbia, Canada). Seven morphological types of charcoal were defined by particle shape, major-minor axis ratio, apparent porosity and progradation to unburned material. The distribution of morphotypes and total charcoal abundances were assessed as a proxy for fire events recorded between 1919 and 2000 and to subsequent mechanisms of transportation-sedimentation to lake sediments. Charcoal morphotypes showed distinct relationships to recorded area burned by fires. Fragile charcoal fragments with highly irregular porosity (termed Type M) displayed the strongest correlation to burned area (r2 = 0.51; P = 0.0001) and did not produce any false-positive signal for fires recorded within a radius of 20 km around the lake. We infer that high porosity and low density Type M fragments are aerially transported and directly deposited on the lake, and that the fragility of Type M charcoal prevents significant quantities from being secondarily transported and incorporated into the sedimentary record. We propose that charcoal morphology is an important but underutilized technique that can yield important insights into fire type, proximity and transportation-sedimentation processes. 相似文献
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CAI Xiaopeng QU Meng DING Shaoxiong WANG Hangjun WANG Hongjie HU Luyi SU Yongquan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(6):40-46
Two morphotypes of Plectropomus leopardus have been identified; morphometric and meristic analyses show that there is no diagnostic difference between them. A difference in color pattern was the most appropriate phenotypic character with which to distinguish between the two morphotypes. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequencing, however, indicated a clear difference between the two morphotypes. Barcoding analysis revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) in CO1 or ND2 divergence among intramorphotypic individuals, even between geographically separated populations, whereas the intermorphotypic CO1 and ND2 divergences were large enough (averaging 0.95% for CO1 and 1.37% for ND2) to clearly discriminate between the two morphotypes. The color pattern difference, geographical distribution, together with the mtDNA and barcode sequencing data, suggest that the two morphotypes should be of two subspecies or even two species. 相似文献
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Tadeu José Pereira Gilda Silva Maria José Costa José Lino Costa 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
The Lusitanian toadfish, Halobatrachus didactylus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), is a subtropical sound-producing marine teleost that inhabits estuaries and other brackish water ecosystems in its northern distribution area. The relative isolation of populations within estuaries may cause important modifications in the bio-ecology of this species. The males of this species present two morphotypes which are more accurately distinguishable during the reproductive season. In the Tagus estuary population, the two types of reproductive males were present: type I, the “characteristic” morphotype, and type II, the alternative morphotype. The opportunistic males had more developed testis while type I males had more developed accessory glands. Type I males presented more developed swimbladders and larger body size and live longer than type II males. On the contrary, type II males grew faster and matured earlier. The feeding habits of the two male morphotypes were similar during the reproductive season but differences were found between reproductive specimens and non-reproductive specimens. The diet of reproductive specimens was mainly composed of benthic prey in contrast to predominance of nectobenthic prey in the diet of non-reproductive specimens. The females of H. didactylus generally had an intermediate pattern between the two male morphotypes. The percentage of type II males tended to be higher in denser areas of the estuary. In comparison with populations from different size ecosystems, smaller ecosystems revealed important modifications on the bio-ecology of the species due to the increased competition for nesting sites and mating partners, favouring alternative male tactics. 相似文献
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Quantitative analysis of variations in morphological types of charcoal were undertaken in sediment cores from three lakes
on the Interior Plateau (BC, Canada) over the period AD 1919–2000. Seven distinct morphological types of charcoal were identified
based on particle shape and structural features and were compared with seasonal precipitation and recorded area burned within
20 km-radius of study lakes. Fragile-type charcoal fragments, termed type M, displayed significant relationships to recorded
area burned in sediment cores from Prosser (r
2 = 0.5; p = 0.0001) and Opatcho (r
2 = 0.2; p = 0.02) lakes. However, nonsignificant correlations (p > 0.05) were found between total charcoal and area burned. Robust and highly elongated morphotypes C and F were correlated
to recorded spring precipitation (r
2 = 0.5; p = 0.002) in Opatcho Lake. Charcoal from a sediment core from Big Lake, the lake with the largest watershed, was significantly
but inversely related to past fires (r
2 = 0.44; p = 0.0003), suggesting important contributions from secondary transportation and deposition. Models were developed to infer
relative area burned and precipitation for the study lakes. Our results suggest that charcoal morphotypes are related to the
biogeoclimatic and lake watershed characteristics. This study also suggest that charcoal morphotypes can provide insights
on past fire and climate, which was not possible based on traditional analysis of total charcoal. 相似文献
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Mahboobeh FEREYDOONPOUR Hossein VAZIRI-MOGHADDAM and Azizollah TAHERI 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(6):1681-1695
Abstract: A rich assemblage of planktonic foraminifera has been studied from an outcrop of the Gurpi Formation, the hydrocarbon source rock in the southwest Iran, Deh Dasht area (Kuh-e Siah anticline). Based on the distribution of the planktonic foraminifera, eight biozones have been recognized that included: Dicarinella concavata Interval Zone (Earliest Santonian), Dicarinella asymetrica Total Range Zone (Santonian to Earliest Campanian), Globotruncanita elevata Partial Range Zone (Early Campanian), Globotruncana ventricosa Interval Zone (Middle to Late Campanian), Radotruncana calcarata Total Range Zone (Late Campanian), Globotruncanella havanensis Partial Range Zone (Late Campanian), Globotruncana aegyptiaca Interval Zone (Late to latest Campanian), Gansserina gansseri Interval Zone (Latest Campanian to Early Maastrichtian). These biozones indicates that the Gurpi Formation deposited during the Early Santonian- Early Maastrichtian. These biozones are compared to the most standard biozones defined in Tethysian domain. Based on distribution of morphotype groups of planktonic foraminifera, planktonic to benthic ratio (P/B) and content of carbonate, nine third-order sequences are recognized. 相似文献
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胶被作为蓝藻细胞外的一层功能性结构,其提取方法仍不清晰完善.本研究选取具有不同胶被形态的鱼腥藻Anabaena sp.和念珠藻Nostoc sp.为实验材料,通过归纳近10年有关藻类胶被的提取方法,总结影响胶被提取效果的主要因素(温度、提取剂浓度、时间等)范围,并设置一系列因素及其梯度的双因素实验和正交实验对胶被提取方法进行优化,观察提取过程中藻细胞形态、自发荧光以及藻细胞密度变化.结果表明,粘液可通过离心法与藻细胞分离;荚膜提取的硫酸水浴法的最优条件为:1 mol/L、60℃、30 min,氢氧化钠水浴法为:0.01 mol/L、50℃、20 min;鞘提取的最优方法条件为氢氧化钠水浴法(0.01 mol/L、80℃、40 min)和超声法(20 kHz,30 W,on:3 s,off:3 s,2 min)结合处理.此外,通过高效液相色谱法测定提取的蓝藻胶被多糖组分,结果显示,鞘具有较强的疏水性,未水化为粘液或RPS,而荚膜中含有的氨基葡萄糖(1.261±0.02 mg/g)使得荚膜比鞘更具有粘附力.将本研究得到的荚膜和鞘的最优提取法运用到胶被形态以荚膜和鞘为主的其他藻种,均有很好的提取效果.本研究可为后续进一步揭示不同类型胶被的功能作用提供技术支撑. 相似文献
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