Stormflow threshold behaviour in a subtropical mountainous headwater catchment during forest recovery period     

Lezhang Wei  Zhijun Qiu  Guangyi Zhou  Tsuyoshi Kinouchi  Yu Liu 《水文研究》2020,34(8):1728-1740

Forest ecohydrological feedbacks complicate the threshold behaviour of stormflow response to precipitation or wetting conditions on a long-term scale (e.g. several years). In this study, the threshold behaviours in an evergreen-deciduous mixed forested headwater catchment in southern China were examined during 2009–2015, when damaged vegetation was recovering after the great 2008 Chinese ice and snowstorm. The non-uniqueness of the thresholds and the slow and rapid responses of stormflow at the outlet of the catchment in different hydro-climate datasets with different maximum values of gross precipitation (P) and sums of precipitation and antecedent soil moisture index (P + ASI) were assessed. The thresholds of P and P + ASI required to trigger stormflows (i.e. ‘generation thresholds’) and the transition from slow to rapid responses of stormflow (i.e. ‘rise thresholds’) were compared both seasonally and annually. The results indicated significant differences in the analysed datasets, highlighting the need to compare thresholds with care to avoid misinterpretation. Seasonal variations in threshold behaviours in the catchment suggested that vegetation canopy interception contributed to higher rise thresholds, and wetter conditions resulted in higher runoff sensitivity to precipitation during the growing and rainy seasons. Furthermore, the generation thresholds were higher in the dormant season, possibly due to drier soil moisture conditions in the near-channel areas. During the vegetation recovery period, the annual generation thresholds increased, however the rise thresholds did not exhibit a similar trend. The rapid stormflow response above the threshold decreased, possibly due to transpiration and interception of the recovered vegetation. However, the slow stormflow response to small rainfall events below the thresholds was higher in wetter years but lower in drier years, suggesting that the total water input dominated the stormflow response during small rainfall events. In conclusion, the seasonal and annual variations in threshold behaviours highlight that vegetation recovery and hydro-climatic conditions had a notable impact on the stormflow response.  相似文献   

湖南大义山晚侏罗世富硼型成锡矿A型花岗岩成因及地质意义     

孙海瑞  吕志成  韩志锐  杜泽忠  张晓梅  王虎 《岩石学报》2021,37(6):1749-1764

位于南岭成矿带和钦-杭成矿带(简称钦-杭带)交汇部位的湖南大义山锡矿是南岭地区典型的富硼型锡多金属矿床。为厘清大义山锡矿成矿动力学背景,深化南岭地区钨锡矿成矿机制,本文以大义山成锡矿黑云母二长花岗岩为研究对象,开展了系统的岩石学和地球化学研究。研究发现,大义山锡矿具有富硼的特征,成矿黑云母二长花岗岩发育电气石"囊包",电气石在蚀变矿物中广泛发育,并与锡矿化紧密共生,这些特征表明成矿花岗岩具有富硼的特征,并发生了岩浆热液流体出溶。地球化学分析显示,黑云母二长花岗岩具有较高含量的Al_2O_3 (13.67%～14.00%)、Na_20(3.65%～3.90%)、K_2O(3.49%～4.24%)以及较高的FeO~T/(FeOT+MgO)比值(0.95～0.97)、FeO~T/MgO 比值(18.75～32.69)、A/CNK 比值(1.15～1.26)和 10000 × Ga/Al 比值(3.48～4.08),较低的CaO(0.54%～0.59%)、P_2O_5(0.04%～0.06%)含量和锆饱和温度(716～725℃)。球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分具有明显的四分组效应,强烈的Eu负异常,微量元素富集Rb、Th、U、Ta和Nd等元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、Eu等元素。表明成矿花岗岩具有高分异的特征,与A2型花岗岩特征相近。Nd-Hf同位素分析显示,黑云母二长花岗岩与南岭地区成锡矿花岗岩及钦-杭带A型花岗岩同位素特征基本一致,表明岩浆主要来源于中元古代壳源物质熔融,并有幔源物质的加入。综合本文及前人研究成果,推测南岭地区燕山期伸展作用与Izanagi俯冲板块开天窗或撕裂有关,在此背景下,软流圈物质上涌,引发下地壳物质熔融,形成了富硼的壳幔源混合型花岗质岩浆。岩浆中较高的硼含量促使岩浆发生强烈的结晶分异,并有利于晚期锡矿的形成。  相似文献   

Geochronology of the Xihuashan Tungsten Deposit in Southeastern China: Constraints from Re–Os and U–Pb Dating     

Fang‐Yue WANG  Cong‐Ying LI  Ming‐Xing LING  Hong ZHANG  Ya‐Li SUN  Weidong SUN 《Resource Geology》2011,61(4):414-423

Xihuashan tungsten deposit is one of the earliest explored tungsten deposits in southeastern China. It is a vein type deposit genetically associated with the Xihuashan granite pluton. Here we report new dating and zircon geochemistry results. Re–Os isotopic dating for molybdenite intergrowth with wolframite in the oldest generation of the Xihuashan pluton yielded an isochron age of 157.0 ± 2.5 Ma (2σ). Zircon U–Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) dating shows that the pluton crystallized at 155.7 ± 2.2 Ma (2σ). This age is similar to the molybdenite Re–Os age for the ore deposit within error. This, together with published data, suggests that the major W(Mo)‐Sn mineralization occurred between 160–150 Ma in southeastern China. These deposits constitute a major part of the magmatic‐metallogenic belt of eastern Nanlin. The lower Re content in molybdenite of the Xihuashan tungsten deposit shows crustal origin for the ore‐forming material. The limited direct contributions from the subducting slab for the tungsten mineralization in the Nanling region suggest a change of the style of the paleo‐Pacific plate beneath southeastern China.  相似文献   

The characteristic target-pattern regional ore zonality of the Nanling region, China (Ⅲ)     

Chongwen Yu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2011,2(4)

By applying the ‘theory of synchronization' from the science of complexity to studying the regional regularity of ore formation within the Nanling region of South China,a characteristic target-pattern regional ore zonality has been discovered.During the early and late Yanshanian epoch (corresponding respectively to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods),two centers of ore formation emerged successively in the Narding region; the former is mainly for rare metals (W,Sn,Mo,Bi,Nb) and one rare earth element (La) and was generated in the Jurassic period; whereas the latter is mainly for base metals (Cu,Pb,Zn,Sb,Hg),noble metals (Au,Ag),and one radioactive element (U) and was generated in the Cretaceous period.Centers of ore formation were brought about by interface dynamics respectively at the Qitianling and Jiuyishan districts in southern Hunan Province.The characteristic giant nonlinear target pattern regional ore zonality was generated respectively from the two centers of ore formation by the spatio-temporal synchronization process of the Nanling complex metallogenic system.It induced the collective dynamics and cooperative behavior of the system and displayed the configuration of the regional ore zonality.Then dynamical clustering transformed the configuration into rudimentary ordered coherent structures.Phase dynamics eventually defined the spatio-temporal structures of the target-pattern regional ore zonality and determined their localization and distribution.The integral successive processes of synchronization-dynamical clustering-phase dynamics accomplished the regional ore zonality by way of "multiple field dynamics" of spatio-temporal superposition of multiple coupled pulsatory solitary wave trains of the zonal sequences of different ores.A new methodology for revealing regional ore zonality is developed,which will encourage further investigation of the formation of deep-seated ore resources and the onset of large-scale mineralization.  相似文献   

南岭东段钨锡多金属矿床地质特征、成矿模式及找矿方向     

肖惠良  陈乐柱  鲍晓明  范飞鹏  周延  姚正红  武玲  吴涵宇 《火山地质与矿产》2011,(2):107-119

南岭东段地区是世界著名的钨多金属矿集区。近年来中国地质调查局在该区实施钨多金属矿调查评价,找到了一批具有中大型远景的与花岗岩有关的新类型钨锡多金属矿床,特别是在复式岩体中的花岗岩型新类型钨钼多金属矿床（简称＂体中体＂式钨钼多金属矿床）和受中、上泥盆统地层控制的层控矽卡岩型钨锡多金属矿床的发现,不仅实现了南岭东段地区找矿新突破,而且对整个南岭乃至我国华南地区钨锡多金属矿找矿具有重要指导作用。本文根据近年来南岭东段地区钨锡多金属矿找矿新成果,通过该区钨锡多金属矿床地质特征的总结,建立了南岭东段地区钨锡多金属矿成矿模式,提出了南岭东段地区今后钨锡多金属矿找矿方向应重点注意与燕山期复式花岗岩有关的＂体中体＂式钨钼多金属矿床和中、上泥盆统控制的层控矽卡岩型钨锡多金属矿床的寻找。  相似文献   

湖南金鸡岭花岗岩和伟晶岩中黑云母矿物化学及其对成岩成矿的启示     

汪志杰  闫峻  徐琳玉  陶克勤  李全忠 《地质论评》2023,69(5):1795-1816

湖南晚侏罗世金鸡岭花岗岩体是南岭地区典型W—Sn成矿岩体之一,内部发育黑云母花岗质伟晶岩团块和文象花岗质条带状伟晶岩脉。金鸡岭花岗岩和黑云花岗伟晶岩中的黑云母具有相似的地球化学特征,均表现出高的FeO、TiO₂、Al₂O₃含量和低的MgO、CaO、Na₂O、MnO含量,以及富集成矿元素Nb、Ta、W、Sn,亏损Sr、Ce、Eu等微量元素特征,从花岗岩体到黑云花岗伟晶岩,岩浆的形成温度和氧逸度降低,云母中Al₂O₃、Li₂O^*含量升高,TiO₂、MgO含量降低,黑云母由铁叶云母演变为黑鳞云母。结合前人资料,金鸡岭花岗岩与黑云花岗伟晶岩均源于元古宙地壳的深熔作用,伟晶岩为花岗岩浆在晚期分异演化的产物,形成于岩浆—热液转化阶段。伟晶岩阶段是稀有金属元素显著富集,乃至进一步成矿的重要阶段。  相似文献   

湘南骑田岭矿集区的深部构造特征 及其对区域成矿的制约          下载免费PDF全文

李建国  李建康  王登红  刘健  何晗唅 《地质学报》2014,88(4):695-703

湘南骑田岭矿集区是我国重要的有色金属基地之一,具有断裂构造异常发育,存在多期次岩浆活动、多类型矿床和矿种组合的特点。为了揭示深部地壳结构对区域成矿特征的制约,本文布置了穿越黄沙坪铅锌矿床和骑田岭花岗岩体的人工地震剖面,数据采集采用了直线多次叠加的技术方法,采取大炮和小炮相结合的激发方式进行实验工作,共完成物理点651个。实验结果表明,骑田岭矿集区深、中、浅部存在着比较明显的地震构造波组,莫霍面深度约为33~38km;在骑田岭岩体深部存在明显的莫霍面不连续性,呈现出类似于"逆断层"的构造特征和无反射波组或弱波组异常;反射速度反演结果也表明骑田岭岩体深部存在着下凹状低速度异常。这些深部构造特征说明区域存在幔源物质上涌和参与成岩成矿作用的通道,该构造通道可对应于茶陵-郴州-临武深大断裂带,暗示地幔物质的混入可能是湘南骑田岭矿集区发生大规模成矿作用的内在原因之一。而且,莫霍面"逆断层"构造特征显示区域上曾遭受较强烈的构造挤压作用,是区域中生代多次构造挤压作用的体现。这种构造挤压作用致使岩石圈增厚,发生较大规模的拆沉作用和深部岩浆上侵活动,为区域成矿作用提供必要的物质和能量。  相似文献   

湖南锡田岩体的岩浆混合成因:岩相学､岩石地球化学和U-Pb 年龄证据   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

陈迪陈焰明  马爱军刘伟刘耀荣  倪艳军 《中国地质》2014,41(1):61-78

南岭中段的锡田岩体燕山期岩石以斑状黑云母二长花岗岩为主,岩体中广泛发育暗色微粒包体?暗色微粒包体为岩浆结构,大多数具有塑性外形,发育淬冷边?反向脉,存在多种不平衡结构和矿物组合,如钾长石环斑?石英眼斑?针状磷灰石等,显示岩浆混合特征?岩石地球化学方面,暗色微粒包体具有比寄主岩贫硅?贫碱,富K?Fe?Mg?Ca?Ti 特征;暗色微粒包体及寄主岩富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=2.6~8.8),具有中-强的铕负异常(δEu=0.09~0.74)以及具有相似的稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图;在主要氧化物含量Harker 图解中投点多呈直线变异趋势,反映了两者具有密切的亲缘关系,利用共分母和不共分母图解进行判别,暗色微粒包体与寄主岩具岩浆混合特征,在MgO-TFeO判别图解中也指示包体为岩浆混合成因?上述岩相学和元素地球化学特征表明暗色微粒包体是基性岩浆侵入到酸性岩浆中淬冷形成的,指示锡田岩体存在两种岩浆的混合作用?通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 定年,得到寄主岩形成年龄(150.04±0.52)Ma,暗色包体形成年龄(145.09±0.63)Ma,二者年龄在测试误差范围内一致,显示岩浆混合作用发生的时间大致为晚侏罗世?  相似文献   

赣南崇义—大余—上犹矿集区不同类型含矿石英中白云母40Ar/39Ar年龄及其地质意义   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文

刘善宝  王登红  陈毓川  李建康  应立娟  许建祥  曾载淋 《地质学报》2008,82(7):932-2008-01-30

崇义—大余—上犹矿集区是世界著名的黑钨矿床集中区,本文选择钨锡多金属硫化物石英脉型（柯树岭和漂塘矿床）和锡钨石英脉型（仙鹅塘矿床）3个矿床石英中的白云母开展40Ar/39Ar年代学研究,测得坪年龄分别是：钨锡多金属硫化物石英脉型是 158.9 ± 1.4 Ma（漂塘）、158.8 ± 1.2 Ma（柯树岭）;钨锡石英脉型的是231.4 ± 2.4 Ma（仙鹅塘）,在反等时线图上,其对应的截距年龄分别是158.8 ± 1.6 Ma、158.7 ± 1.9Ma和232.5 ± 2.4 Ma。由此表明,在崇余犹矿集区内存在两个不同成矿时期,即以黑钨矿为主的多金属硫化物石英脉型矿床形成于中侏罗世,集中于160~150Ma之间,与南岭地区钨锡矿床的主成矿期是一致的;而以锡石为主的,并含有大量白钨矿的石英脉型矿床可形成于印支期  相似文献   

南岭山脉及周边鸟类β多样性分析     

权擎  唐璇  吴毅  邹发生 《热带地理》2018,38(3):321-327

根据南岭山脉及周边46个地点的鸟类物种多样性数据,结合系统发育关系,运用β多样性比较南岭3个动物地理亚区的物种和谱系差异,探讨南岭地区是否构成华中区和华南区动物地理分界的一部分。结果表明：1）3个区域间物种构成和谱系构成的差异较小,闽广沿海亚区和东部丘陵平原亚区之间的差异主要源于物种丰富度的高低差别,闽广沿海亚区和西部山地高原亚区之间的差异主要源于物种组成和谱系结构两方面的替换;2）留鸟、夏候鸟和冬候鸟会对差异格局造成不同的影响,其中以留鸟各区域间的差异格局最为明显,将夏候鸟和冬候鸟并入分析后,各区域间的差异会缩小;3）鸟类群落在东西间和南北间均会发生明显的谱系分离,东西间的谱系分离主要发生在距离较远的地点之间,南北间的谱系分离在较远地点和较近地点之间均有发生。综合结果,南岭山脉的南侧和北侧的鸟类群落在谱系构成上发生了快速的改变,支持南岭山脉作为华中区和华南区动物地理分界的一部分。  相似文献