Early Permian extensional shearing of an Ordovician granite: The Saint-Eutrope “C/S-like” orthogneiss (Montagne Noire,French Massif Central)     

Pavel Pitra  Marc Poujol  Jean Van Den Driessche  Jean-Charles Poilvet  Jean-Louis Paquette 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2012,344(8):377-384

Dating the magmatic events in the Montagne Noire gneiss dome is a key point to arbitrate between the different interpretations of the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian tectonics in this southern part of the Variscan belt. The Saint-Eutrope orthogneiss crops out along the northern flank of the dome. We show that the protolith of this orthogneiss is an Ordovician granite dated at 455 ± 2 Ma (LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating on zircon). This age is identical to that previously obtained on the augen orthogneiss of the southern flank, strongly suggesting that both orthogneiss occurrences have the same Ordovician protolith. The Saint-Eutrope orthogneiss experienced intense shearing along the Espinouse extensional detachment at ca. 295 Ma (LA-ICP-MS U-Pb-Th on monazite), an age close to that determined previously on mica by the ³⁹Ar-⁴⁰Ar method and contemporaneous with the emplacement age of the syntectonic Montalet granite farther to the west. This normal sense shearing reworked previous fabrics related to Variscan thrusting that can be still observed in the augen orthogneiss of the southern flank, and is responsible for the spectacular “C/S-like” pattern of the Saint-Eutrope orthogneiss. This work also shows that care is needed when dealing with C/S-type structures, since they can develop not only in syntectonic intrusions, but also in orthogneisses affected by an intense secondary deformation, at decreasing temperature.  相似文献   

Tracing the protolith, UHP metamorphism, and exhumation ages of orthogneiss from the SW Sulu terrane (eastern China): SHRIMP U–Pb dating of mineral inclusion-bearing zircons     

Fulai Liu  Zhiqin Xu  Huaimin Xue 《Lithos》2004,78(4):411-429

Orthogneisses are the major country rocks hosting eclogites in the Sulu UHP terrane, eastern China. All of the analyzed orthogneiss cores from the main drilling hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD-MH) have similar major and trace element compositions and a granite protolith. These rocks have relatively high LREE/HREE ratios, strong negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.20–0.39), and negative Ba anomalies (Ba/Ba*=0.25–0.64). Coesite and coesite-bearing UHP mineral assemblages are common inclusions in zircons separated from orthogneiss, paragneiss, amphibolite, and (retrograded) eclogite of the CCSD-MH. This suggests that the eclogite, together with its country rocks, experienced in situ ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism. Laser Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) images show that zircons from the orthogneisses are zoned and that they have distinct mineral inclusions in the different zones. Most zircons retain early magmatic cores with abundant low-pressure mineral inclusions, which are mantled with metamorphic zircon-containing inclusions of coesite and other UHP minerals. The outermost rims on these grains contain low-pressure mineral inclusions, such as quartz and albite. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of the zoned zircons gives three discrete and meaningful groups of ages: Proterozoic ages for the protolith, 227±2 Ma for the coesite-bearing mantles, and 209±3 Ma for the amphibolite facies retrograde rims. The widespread occurrence of UHP mineral inclusions in zircons from the Sulu metamorphic belt dated at about 227 Ma suggests that voluminous continental crust experienced late Triassic subduction to depths of at least 120 km and perhaps more than 200 km. Eighteen million years later, the terrane was rapidly exhumed to midcrustal levels, and the UHP rocks were overprinted by amphibolite facies metamorphism. The exhumation rate deduced from the zircon age data and previously obtained metamorphic P–T data is estimated to be 5.6–11.0 km/Ma. Such rapid exhumation of the Sulu UHP terrane may be due to the buoyancy forces produced by subduction of low-density continental material into the deep mantle.  相似文献   

Zircon ages of high-grade gneisses in the Eastern Erzgebirge (Central European Variscides)—constraints on origin of the rocks and Precambrian to Ordovician magmatic events in the Variscan foldbelt     

M. Tichomirowa  H.-J. Berger  E.A. Koch  B.V. Belyatski  J. Gtze  U. Kempe  L. Nasdala  U. Schaltegger 《Lithos》2001,56(4):303-332

This study is an attempt to unravel the tectono-metamorphic history of high-grade metamorphic rocks in the Eastern Erzgebirge region. Metamorphism has strongly disturbed the primary petrological genetic characteristics of the rocks. We compare geological, geochemical, and petrological data, and zircon populations as well as isotope and geochronological data for the major gneiss units of the Eastern Erzgebirge; (1) coarse- to medium-grained “Inner Grey Gneiss”, (2) fine-grained “Outer Grey Gneiss”, and (3) “Red Gneiss”. The Inner and Outer Grey Gneiss units (MP–MT overprinted) have very similar geochemical and mineralogical compositions, but they contain different zircon populations. The Inner Grey Gneiss is found to be of primary igneous origin as documented by the presence of long-prismatic, oscillatory zoned zircons (540 Ma) and relics of granitic textures. Geochemical and isotope data classify the igneous precursor as a S-type granite. In contrast, Outer Grey Gneiss samples are free of long-prismatic zircons and contain zircons with signs of mechanical rounding through sedimentary transport. Geochemical data indicate greywackes as main previous precursor. The most euhedral zircons are zoned and document Neoproterozoic (ca. 575 Ma) source rocks eroded to form these greywackes. U–Pb-SHRIMP measurements revealed three further ancient sources, which zircons survived in both the Inner and Outer Grey Gneiss: Neoproterozoic (600–700 Ma), Paleoproterozoic (2100–2200 Ma), and Archaean (2700–2800 Ma). These results point to absence of Grenvillian type sources and derivation of the crust from the West African Craton. The granite magma of the Inner Grey Gneiss was probably derived through in situ melting of the Outer Grey Gneiss sedimentary protolith as indicated by geological relationships, similar geochemical composition, similar Nd model ages, and inherited zircon ages. Red Gneiss occurs as separate bodies within fine- and medium-grained grey gneisses of the gneiss–eclogite zone (HP–HT overprinted). In comparison to Grey Gneisses, the Red Gneiss clearly differs in geochemical composition by lower contents of refractory elements. Rocks contain long-prismatic zircons (480–500 Ma) with oscillatory zonation indicating an igneous precursor for Red Gneiss protoliths. Geochemical data display obvious characteristics of S-type granites derived through partial melting from deeper crustal source rocks. The obtained time marks of magmatic activity (ca. 575 Ma, ca. 540 Ma, ca. 500–480 Ma) of the Eastern Erzgebirge are compared with adjacent units of the Saxothuringian zone. In all these units, similar time marks and geochemical pattern of igneous rocks prove a similar tectono-metamorphic evolution during Neoproterozoic–Ordovician time.  相似文献   

Les orthomicaschistes,produits de la déformation cisaillante ductile synmétamorphe de granites avec transfert de matière : principaux caractères et exemples dans la chaîne varisque du Sud de la France     

Gilbert Crevola 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(3):207-221

Résumé

Dans le segment varisque français, les associations d’orthogneiss et de micaschistes sont généralement interprétées comme correspondant originellement soit à des couples socle granitique -couverture pélitique, soit à des granités intrusifs dans un encaissant pélitique, soit encore à des séries détritiques ou volcano-détritiques. Certaines d’entre elles résultent en fait de la déformation cisaillante ductile hétérogène synmétamorphe d’anciens granités, associée à d’importants transferts de matière.

Cette interprétation se fonde essentiellement sur la reconnaissance dans des zones de cisaillement ductile de passages progressifs entre orthogneiss et micaschistes. Cette évolution, qui correspond à une séquence blastomylonitique ou sub-blastomylonitique, est caractérisée par une recristallisation complète, ou quasi-complète, dès le stade orthogneiss, accompagnée par une modification chimique marquée par une perte en Si, Ca et Na et une concentration corrélative en Al, Fe, Mg et Ti. Une telle évolution aboutit à des orthomicaschistes, roches entièrement recristallisées et à foliation bien définie, distincts des phyllonites et analogues aux « micaschistes rétrogrades ». Les associations métagranites - orthogneiss - orthomicaschistes reconnues occupent des surfaces allant de 50 à 500 km2 et l’épaisseur des nombreux niveaux d’orthomicaschistes va de quelques centimètres a plusieurs hectomètres.

En conséquence, dans les régions affectées par une intense déformation cisaillante ductile synmétamorphe, les transformations de granités peuvent être plus variées, plus importantes et plus généralisées qu’on ne l’admettait jusqu’ici.  相似文献   

Zircon ages and Nd isotopic and chemical compositions of orthogneisses from the Black Forest, Germany: evidence for a Cambrian magmatic arc   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

F. Chen  E. Hegner  W. Todt 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,88(4):791-802

 Single zircon U–Pb dating combined with ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages obtained by the evaporation method constrains the emplacement of tonalitic, trondhjemitic, and granodioritic orthogneisses of the Moldanubian zone in the Black Forest between 500 and 510 Ma. Two detrital zircon populations of 1.9 and 1.6 Ga indicate Early-Middle Proterozoic material in the former setting of the basement. The initial e_Nd values range from –0.1 to –3.4 and mean crustal residence ages of 1.0–1.4 Ga are consistent with involvement of Early-Middle Proterozoic crust, and a subordinate juvenile component probably originating from subduction-related melting of the mantle. The orthogneisses have fractionated REE patterns and slightly higher K₂O/Na₂O ratios than typical low-K tonalite–trondhjemite–granite suites. The chemical data are interpreted as evidence for melting of amphibolite and contributions from evolved crust. The emplacement of the orthogneisses was superceded by a high-temperature metamorphic event at ∼480 Ma which we interpret as a result of lithospheric thinning in a marginal basin behind a Cambrian magmatic arc. Received: 29 March 1999 / Accepted: 25 August 1999  相似文献   

中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔2000～3000米正、副片麻岩的地球化学性质及其成因机制   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：9  

刘福来许志琴  杨经绥张泽明薛怀民  孟繁聪李天福　陈世忠 《岩石学报》2005,21(2):305-324

中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔(CCSD-MH)2000.0-3000.0米深度范围内出露的岩心以正、副片麻岩为主,夹有薄层榴辉岩和斜长角闪岩等。地球化学研究结果表明,主孔20000.0-3000.0米之间的正片麻岩SiO2含量普遍偏高,为73.26%～78.17%之间,平均值76.40%;Al2O3含量为11.30%-13.66%。TiO2、Fe2O3、FeO、MnO和MgO含量则明显偏低,其中Fe2O3总量为0.39%-1.71%,FeO=0.20%-1.49%,MgO=0.01%-0.06%。CaO含量为0.19-1.41%,Na2O和K2O含量分别为3.38%-5.35%和1.31%-4.87%。正片麻岩的稀土元素和微量元素配分模式可分为三种类型。第一类表现出较强的轻、重稀土元素分馏,具有中等的负Eu异常,Eu/Eu*=0.39-0.64;洋脊玄武岩(MORB)标准化蛛网图表现出强烈富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba、Th)的特点,显示明显的正Ba异常,Ba/Ba*=1.09-2.34,高场强元素Ti、Nb和Ta呈明显的负异常。第二类正片麻岩具有明显的负Eu异常,Eu/Eu*=0.39-0.41,稀土元素配分曲线具有明显右倾斜的特点,轻稀土元素明显富集,而重稀土元素明显亏损;洋脊玄武岩(MORB)标准化蛛网图与第一类正片麻岩比较相似,但却具有中等的负Ba异常,Ba/Ba*=0.57-0.67。第三类正片麻岩主要为含磁铁矿二长花岗质片麻岩,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线呈“V”字型特点,具有异常强烈的负Eu异常,Eu/Eu*普遍低于0.11;洋脊玄武岩(MORB)标准化蛛网图显示出强烈富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Th)的特点,具有异常强烈的负Ba异常,Ba/Ba*=0.03-0.21。2000.0-3000.O米深度范围内的正片麻岩具有多成因的特点,部分正片麻岩具有A型花岗岩的地球化学特征,反映它们有可能形成于板内的构造环境;而另一部分的原岩则可能形成于陆缘火山弧的构造环境。主孔2000.0-31000.0米深度范围内副片麻岩SiO2含量明显低于正片麻岩,Al2O3、Fe2O3 FeO、MgO和CaO含量则明显偏高,而Na2O和K2O含量则与正片麻岩大体相当。其中SiO2含量为64.21%-74.12%;Al2O3含量为13.06%-15.38%,Fe2O3 FeO含量为1.61%-4.92%;CaO含量为1.10%～3.27%,Na2O和K2O含量分别为3.68%-5.39%和2.46%-5.85%。副片麻岩稀土元素配分模式和洋脊玄武岩(MORB)标准化蛛网图与正片麻岩也存在明显差异。其中稀土元素配分模式表现出一定程度的轻、重稀土元素分馏,大多数样品具负Eu异常,Eu/Eu*=0.56-0.93之间,但远不及正片麻岩的明显;洋脊玄武岩(MORB)标准化蛛网图则显示出富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba、Th)的特点,具有异常明显的正Ba异常,且变化范围较大,Ba/Ba*=1.02-4.83之间,高场强元素如Ti、Nb和Ta呈现负异常的特点。副片麻岩的原岩可能是形成于被动大陆边缘的一套典型的沉积岩或变沉积岩。SHRIMPU-Pb定年结果表明,主孔副片麻岩锆石微区记录了十分复杂的年代学信息。继承性碎屑锆石核部的年龄(206Pb/238U的年龄)为313-659Ma,表明原岩继承性碎屑锆石来源的复杂性,以及部分碎屑锆石在超高压变质过程中发生不完全重结晶,导致年龄变新;在含柯石英锆石微区记录的超高压变质年龄(206Pb/238U的年龄)为220-236Ma,加权平均值为227±5Ma;而锆石晶体边部所记录的退变质年龄(206Pb/238U的年龄)为209-219Ma,加权平均值为214±6Ma,上述含柯石英锆石微区和锆石边部的SHRIMPU-Pb定年结果分别与主孔CCSD-MH中的正片麻岩锆石微区获得的超高压变质年龄(227±2Ma)和角闪岩相退变质年龄(209±3Ma)十分接近,这进一步证明了中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔中的正、副片麻岩的原岩曾一起发生深俯冲,并经历了新三叠纪的超高压变质作用。  相似文献   

Anti-clockwise P–T paths in the lower crust: an example from a kyanite-bearing regional aureole, George Sound, New Zealand     

G. L. CLARKE  J. A. FITZHERBERT  L. A. MILAN  N. R. DACZKO  H. S. DEGELING † 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2010,28(1):77-96

The George Sound Paragneiss (GSP) represents a rare Permo-Triassic unit in Fiordland that occurs as a km-scale pillar to gabbroic and dioritic gneiss of c . 120 Ma Western Fiordland Orthogneiss (WFO). It is distinguished from Palaeozoic paragneiss common in western Fiordland (Deep Cove Gneiss) by SHRIMP and laser-ablation U–Pb ages as young as c . 190 Ma and ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Lu >0.2828 for detrital zircon grains. The Mesozoic age of the GSP circumvents common ambiguity in the interpretation of Cretaceous v. Palaeozoic metamorphic assemblages in the Deep Cove Gneiss. A shallowly dipping S₁ foliation is preserved in the GSP distal to the WFO, cut by 100 m scale migmatite contact zones. All units preserve a steeply dipping S₂ foliation. S₁ staurolite and sillimanite inclusions in the cores of metapelitic garnet grains distal to the WFO preserve evidence for prograde conditions of T  <   650 °C and P <  8 kbar. Contact aureole and S₂ assemblages include Mg-rich, Ca-poor cores to garnet grains in metapelitic schist that reflect WFO emplacement at ≈760 °C and ≈6.5 kbar. S₂ kyanite-bearing matrix assemblages and Ca-enriched garnet rims reflect ≈650 °C and ≈11 kbar. Poorly oriented muscovite–biotite intergrowths and rare paragonite reflect post-S₂ high- P retrogression and cooling. Pseudosection modelling in NCKFMASH defines a high- P anti-clockwise P–T history for the GSP involving: (i) mid- P amphibolite facies conditions; preceding (ii) thermal metamorphism adjacent to the WFO; followed by (iii) burial to high- P and (iv) high- P cooling induced by tectonic juxtaposition of cooler country rock.  相似文献   

Granulite facies thermal aureoles and metastable amphibolite facies assemblages adjacent to the Western Fiordland Orthogneiss in southwest Fiordland, New Zealand   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

A. H. ALLIBONE  L. A. MILAN  N. R. DACZKO  I. M. TURNBULL 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2009,27(5):349-369

In southwest New Zealand, a suite of felsic diorite intrusions known as the Western Fiordland Orthogneiss (WFO) were emplaced into the mid to deep crust and partially recrystallized to high‐P (12 kbar) granulite facies assemblages. This study focuses on the southern most pluton within the WFO suite (Malaspina Pluton) between Doubtful and Dusky sounds. New mapping shows intrusive contacts between the Malaspina Pluton and adjacent Palaeozoic metasedimentary country rocks with a thermal aureole ～200–1000 m wide adjacent to the Malaspina Pluton in the surrounding rocks. Thermobarometry on assemblages in the aureole indicates that the Malaspina Pluton intruded the adjacent amphibolite facies rocks while they were at depths of 10–14 kbar. Similar P–T conditions are recorded in high‐P granulite facies assemblages developed locally throughout the Malaspina Pluton. Palaeozoic rocks more than ～200–1000 m from the Malaspina Pluton retain medium‐P mid‐amphibolite facies assemblages, despite having been subjected to pressures of 10–14 kbar for > 5 Myr. These observations contradict previous interpretations of the WFO Malaspina Pluton as the lower plate of a metamorphic core complex, everywhere separated from the metasedimentary rocks by a regional‐scale extensional shear zone (Doubtful Sound Shear Zone). Slow reaction kinetics, lack of available H₂O, lack of widespread penetrative deformation, and cooling of the Malaspina Pluton thermal anomaly within c. 3–4 Myr likely prevented recrystallization of mid amphibolite facies assemblages outside the thermal aureole. If not for the evidence within the thermal aureole, there would be little to suggest that gneissic rocks which underlie several 100 km² of southwest New Zealand had experienced metamorphic pressures of 10–14 kbar. Similar high‐P metamorphic events may therefore be more common than presently recognized.  相似文献   

Two distinct Precambrian terranes in the Southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica: SHRIMP dating and geochemical constraints   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E.V. Mikhalsky  B.V. Beliatsky  J.W. Sheraton  N.W. Roland 《Gondwana Research》2006,9(3):291-309

The Southern Prince Charles Mountains (SPCM) are mostly occupied by the Archaean Ruker Terrane. The Lambert Terrane crops out in the northeastern part of the SPCM. New geochemical and zircon U–Pb SHRIMP ages for felsic orthogneisses and granitoids from both terranes are presented. Orthogneisses from the Ruker and Lambert terranes differ significantly in their major and trace-element compositions. Those from the Ruker Terrane comprise two distinct groups: rare Y-depleted and abundant Y-undepleted. U–Pb isotopic data provide evidence for tonalite−trondhjemite emplacement at 3392 ± 9 and 3377 ± 9 Ma, pre-tectonic granite emplacement at 3182 ± 9 Ma, metamorphism(?) at c. 3145 Ma, and thermal events at c. 1300(?) and 626 ± 51 Ma. The Lambert Terrane orthogneisses probably originated in a continental magmatic arc. Zircon dating shows a very different geological history: pre-tectonic granitoid emplacement at 2423 ± 18 Ma, metamorphism at 2065 ± 23 Ma, and syn-tectonic granitoid emplacement at 528 ± 6 Ma, syn-tectonic pegmatite emplacement at 495 ± 18 Ma. The Lambert Terrane can be correlated with neither the Meso- to Neoproterozoic Beaver Terrane in the Northern PCM, which differs in isotopic composition, nor with the Archaean Ruker Terrane, which differs in both granitoid chemical composition and the timing of major geological events. It represents a Palaeoproterozoic orogen which experienced strong tectonic re-activation in Pan-African times. The Lambert Terrane has some geochronological features in common with the Mawson Block, which comprises south Australia and some areas in East Antarctica.  相似文献   

Systematics of zircon crystallisation in the Cretaceous Separation Point Suite, New Zealand, using U/Pb isotopes, REE and Ti geothermometry   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

Robert Bolhar  Steve D. Weaver  J. Michael Palin  Jim W. Cole  Lorraine A. Paterson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,156(2):133-160

Plutonic zircons from the Cretaceous Separation Point Suite (SPS) were analysed by LA-ICPMS for U–Pb isotope ratios and trace element concentrations. Pooled ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages range from 112 to 124 Ma. Cathodoluminescence imaging reveals minor inheritence and textural evidence of repeated dissolution and re-precipitation of zircon. Core and rim spot analyses, however, document zircon growth during extended periods of time (>2 myr). Protracted crystallisation histories for simple plutonic systems are inconsistent with generalised thermal constraints, which predict cooling below the solidus within <1 myr. Consequently, we conclude that the SPS granitoids sampled in this study were not emplaced rapidly but incrementally over extended time periods. Zircon Th/U and Zr/Hf ratios are positively correlated with crystallisation temperatures, consistent with crystallisation from evolving melts. However, highly variable trace element concentrations, along with temperature reversals are indicative of complex crystallisation histories involving continuous fractional crystallisation repeatedly punctuated by hotter, more mafic magma recharge. Normalised abundances of the redox-sensitive elements Eu and Ce in zircon vary systematically with degrees of whole rock differentiation, pointing to evolutionary trends in magmatic oxidation states coupled with feldspar crystallisation.  相似文献