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本文根据实测资料揭示三峡水库运行以来冬季下泄水温抬高5.32℃、夏初降低3.45℃、过程滞后30~43天，三峡水库冬季水温平均高于气温10℃，且随水库蓄水位和上游水库增加不断升高.长江是罕见的从高热河源流向低热潮湿地区的世界大河，干流三峡等大型水库流量大、库容大且基本没有温度分层，水库滞热、散热和下泄热量巨大，下游水温改变范围超过汉口.需要重视的两个宏观效应：一是超温大幅降低水库和下游水溶解氧（DO），影响程度已与长江平均化学需氧量（COD）等污染同数量级，加上加速COD等耗氧，水温升高的污染危害更大；二是水库冬季巨大散热，11-1月库区平均散热强度241 W/m2、总热功率2.43亿kW，下泄潜在热量3.16亿kW、超过天然1.73亿kW，水库散发和下泄热量相当于全国平均用电功率.2030年上游水电按规划全面建成后，冬季上游水库群还将附加吸热2亿kW（年热量2万亿kWh）.DO是大坝对天然河流环境改变的重要方面，三峡支流库区现在连年水华、干流出现缺氧，水温升高进一步降低DO浓度和促进环境耗氧是当前库区和下游生态环境的主要问题之一.冬季干热河谷输出热水、2030年后更多梯级水库吸热并通过河流转移到三峡水库，巨大附加散热量对周边环境、水资源、土壤墒情和局部气候影响需要认真研究.建议在干热河谷梯级水库大规模布局水面光伏（PPV）.一方面遮挡短波辐射抑制下游三峡入库水温进一步升高，另一方面利用梯级水电巨大储能、调节优势与光伏资源，互补互助、集约和大规模开发西南可再生能源与电力调节资源.本文研究显示PPV电量巨大和结构优势明显，是改善我国电力能源结构和提升水电的发展方向，还可带动更多绿色发展. 相似文献
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Evaluation of blast-induced ground vibration predictors 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
The present paper mainly deals with the prediction of blast-induced ground vibration level at a Magnesite Mine in tecto-dynamically vulnerable hilly terrain in Himalayan region in India. The ground vibration was monitored to calculate the safe charge of explosive to avoid the continuous complaints from the nearby villagers. The safe charge of explosive and peak particle velocity (PPV) were recorded for 75 blast events (150 blast data sets) at various distances. These data sets were used and analysed by the widely used vibration predictors. From the four predictors, vibration levels were calculated and compared with new monitored 20 blast data sets. Again, the same data sets were used to validate and test the three-layer feed-forward back-propagation neural network to predict the PPV values. The same 20 data sets were used to compare the results by the artificial neural network (ANN). Among all the predictors, a very poor correlation was found, whereas ANN provides very near prediction with high degree of correlation. 相似文献
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爆破荷载作用下岩体振动特征的数值模拟 总被引：41，自引：2，他引：39
根据福建牛头山水电站地基岩体爆破开挖监测,运用离散元方法模拟了节理岩体距爆源不同距离处质点的振动速度和频率的变化特征,由此确定岩体质点最大振动速度和振动主频随爆源距离的衰减规律,并得到了距爆源一定距离处质点最大振动速度和振动主频与爆破药量的关系。数值模拟与现场实测的结果表明,用离散元软件UDEC计算得到的岩体振动特征和衰减规律与现场监测结果是基本符合的,误差在工程应用的允许范围之内,因此UDEC用于对岩体动态响应的数值模拟是适合的。 相似文献
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Amir Sajjad Abedi Sina Shivaei Arsalan Ghahramani 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2020,15(2):140-148
ABSTRACTThis study develops a mathematical model of buried pipelines subjected to surface blast loading based on the theory of beam on elastic foundation. The Fourier transform, a mathematical formula that converts the time domain of the problem to the frequency domain, was used in order to solve a fourth-order non-homogeneous partial differential equation. Transforming the solution back to the time domain, the blast-induced Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) of the pipeline can be calculated. In addition to the mathematical model, a three-dimensional finite element model has been established, thereby drawing a comparison between analytical and numerical results. It can be concluded that the analytically calculated PPV values are found to be higher than the corresponding numerical values. Lastly, the safe distance from the pipeline to blast source and the maximum allowable ANFO explosive weight for two types of rock have been presented in the form of graphs by imposing a limit of 50 mm/s for PPV. This comparative study has investigated the effect of road-cut excavation blasting on pipelines buried under only two types of rock mass. However, it can be used for different types of rock and explosives, mainly thanks to the comprehensiveness of the analytical solution. 相似文献
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Ground vibrations induced by blasting are one of the fundamental problems in the mining industry and may cause severe damage to structures and plants nearby. Therefore, a vibration control study plays an important role in the minimization of environmental effects of blasting in mines. This paper presents the results of ground vibration measurement induced by bench blasting at Magnesite Incorporated Company (MAS) open pit mine in Turkey. The scope of this study is to predict peak particle velocity and to determine the slope of the attenuation curve for this site. For this purpose, the blasting parameters of 43 shots were carefully recorded and the ground vibration components were measured for each event. After carrying out statistical analysis, the site specific parameters were determined to predict the peak particle velocity. In the light of this analysis, the prediction graphics of maximum charge weight per delay versus distance for different damage criteria was proposed to be able to perform controlled blasting in order not to damage to the nearby structures, especially to the plant where rotary and shaft kilns have been established. 相似文献
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In this research, experimental applications have been performed to reduce blast induced vibrations in open pit mines. For
this purpose, artificial discontinuity zones such as barrier holes and trench were opened in a dragline panel of Seyitomer
Lignite Enterprise, Kutahya, Turkey. Peak particle velocities in front of and behind them were measured by seismographs. In
this way, their effect against vibration was observed and compared. Barrier holes were opened 24 m deep through 3 parallel
lines and aligned at 1 m spacing. On the other hand, the trench had 8 m depth and 4 m width. During the research, 209 measurements
were taken belonging to 105 explosions. Twenty-eight explosions were carried out in the barrier holes experiments and 77 explosions
were carried out in the trench experiments. A decrease in vibration of 14.3–18.5% was obtained behind the barrier holes while
a decrease of 24.8–58.1% was provided by the trench. 相似文献
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Several spatial measures of community food access identifying so called “food deserts” have been developed based on geospatial information and commercially-available, secondary data listings of food retail outlets. It is not known how data inaccuracies influence the designation of Census tracts as areas of low access. This study replicated the U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (USDA ERS) food desert measure and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) non-healthier food retail tract measure in two secondary data sources (InfoUSA and Dun & Bradstreet) and reference data from an eight-county field census covering 169 Census tracts in South Carolina. For the USDA ERS food deserts measure accuracy statistics for secondary data sources were 94% concordance, 50–65% sensitivity, and 60–64% positive predictive value (PPV). Based on the CDC non-healthier food retail tracts both secondary data demonstrated 88–91% concordance, 80–86% sensitivity and 78–82% PPV. While inaccuracies in secondary data sources used to identify low food access areas may be acceptable for large-scale surveillance, verification with field work is advisable for local community efforts aimed at identifying and improving food access. 相似文献
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