The Paleoceanography during the Time with High δ13C of Phanerozoic marine carbonates     

Huang Sijing  Li Xiaoning  Wu Wenhui  Zhang Meng  Hu Zuowei  Liu Sibing  Huang Keke  Zhong Yijiang 《地球科学进展》2015,30(11):1185-1197

Carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates is a record for various important geological events in the process of earth development and evolution. The carbonates of Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic, as the transition from Paleozoic to Mesozoic-Cenozoic have very high ¹³C value. Taking this as the main point, and combined with the oxygen, strontium isotopic composition in carbonates, distribution of carbonate basin area through geologic time, the correlation of carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates to sea level change, organic carbon burial flux, exchange of CO₂ content in atmosphere and ocean, and long cycle evolution of the earth ecosystems were approached. The results are shown as follows: ①The interval of ¹³C >3‰ during Phanerozoic was concentrated in Carboniferous, Permian and the beginning of Triassic, but the beginning of Triassic was characterized by higher frequency and larger fluctuations in ¹³C value during a short time, whereas the Carboniferous-Permian presented a continuously stable high ¹³C value, indicating a larger amount of organic carbon accumulation in this time interval. Relatively high ¹⁸O values during this time was also observed, showing a long time of glaciations and cold climate, which suggest a connection among rapid organic carbon burial, cold climate, as well as pCO₂ and pO₂ states of atmosphere. ②The over consumption of atmosphere CO₂ by green plants during the time with high ¹³C of seawater forced CO₂ being transferred from ocean to atmosphere for the balance, but the decrease in the seawater amount and water column pressure caused by the global cooling could weaken dissolution capacity of CO₂ in seawater and carbon storage of marine carbonates, and also reduce the carbonate sedimentary rate and decrease the carbonate basin area globally from Devonian to Carboniferous and Permian. During the middle-late Permian carbonate was widely replaced by siliceous sediments even though in shallow carbonate platform, which resulted in the decrease of marine invertebrates, suggesting the Permian chert event should be global. ③The Phanerozoic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr trend of seawater showed a sharp fall in Permian and drop to a minimum at the end of the Permian, indicting input of strontium from the submarine hydrothermal systems (mantle flux). Such process should accompany with a supplement of CO₂ from deep earth to atmosphere and ocean system, but the process associated with widespread volcanism and rises of earth’s surface temperature pricked up the mass extinction during the time of end Permian. ④Cold climate and increase of continental icecap volume, the amalgamation of northern Africa and Laurentia continentals were the main reasons responsible for the sea level drop, but the water consumption result from the significantly increased accumulation of organic carbon should also be one of the reasons for the sea level drop on the order of tens of meters. ⑤The mass extinction at the end Permian was an inevitable event in the process of earth system adjustment. It was difficult for marine invertebrates to survive because of the continuously rapid burial of organic carbon, and of the decrease of sea water amount and its dissolution ability to CO₂. At last, at the end of Paleozoic, the supplement of CO₂ to atmosphere and ocean by widely magma activities resulted in a high temperature of earth surface and intensified mass extinction.  相似文献   

华北克拉通北缘显生宙四次底侵作用及其构造-岩浆活动与深部背景     

邵济安  周新华  张履桥 《地学前缘》2020,27(4):124-134

通过对华北克拉通北缘显生宙四次(P₁,T₃,J₁,K₁)底侵作用的研究,将华北克拉通的活化与岩石圈深部地幔物质的底辟体上涌联系起来。不同阶段底侵作用在岩浆来源深度、与构造格局关系、对地壳垂向增生的贡献、幔源物质脉动式上涌等方面的差异与变化,显示它们是一个分阶段连续热演化的深部过程,其动力学机制是深部的高热流和地幔物质的向上运移。对应于地幔物质上涌,必然存在同期的地幔底辟体隆起的岩石圈结构变化。通过对华北中生代盆山系形成机制的讨论,认为该区高分辨率面波层析成像所显示的地幔底辟体上涌的特征可以反映中生代岩石圈底侵作用的深部背景。  相似文献   

海相遗迹化石对显生宙生物大辐射事件的响应^*          下载免费PDF全文

许晴旸  范若颖  龚一鸣 《古地理学报》2023,25(2):431-450

通过系统梳理前寒武纪和显生宙海相遗迹化石记录及笔者自己的研究,发现在寒武纪生命大爆发、奥陶纪生物大辐射、中生代海洋革命共3次里程碑式的生物大辐射过程中,海相遗迹化石的属级多样性变化和歧异度增减均与生物多样性呈正相关,生物扰动强度和深度明显增加,造迹生物的觅食策略和行为习性多样化明显增多。寒武纪生命大爆发时期,最有代表性的生物行为变化是出现了具有垂向分量的潜穴; 奥陶纪生物大辐射期间,海相遗迹化石的分布逐渐从滨、浅海扩展至半深海和深海,表现为造迹生物群落栖息地的扩张; 中生代海洋革命时期,海相和陆相遗迹化石同步增加,生物对生态空间利用的深度、广度和集约性同步增强,遗迹化石面貌表现为深海雕画迹的多样性和歧异度大幅增加、形态类型多样、多种觅食策略共存。地史时期的海相遗迹化石面貌受环境外因和生物内因控制,表现出形态由简到繁、分布范围由小到大的变化趋势,对生态空间的利用表现为由沉积物表层至浅层再到深层、由二维到三维、由局域(浅水)到广域(浅水和深水以及陆地)的发展,印证了生物获取生态机会的过程。  相似文献   

年轻造山带洋板块地层^*          下载免费PDF全文

马慧磊  许淑梅  李三忠  舒鹏程  崔慧琪  孔家豪 《古地理学报》2022,24(1):11-32

重点分析和总结了由显生宙增生复合体和造山带混杂岩重建的年轻造山带洋板块地层--太平洋洋板块地层,也简要介绍了东古印度洋(东新特提斯洋)和古亚洲洋洋板块地层的重建情况。通过对阿拉斯加南部中生代增生地体、俄罗斯远东和中国东北侏罗纪-早白垩世增生复合体、日本二叠纪-侏罗纪-白垩纪等不同时期的增生复合体、菲律宾侏罗纪增生复合体和美国加州海岸山脉中侏罗世-古新世弗朗西斯卡杂岩体等不同单元的岩石学特征、古生物地层学、年代地层学、因逆冲导致的构造叠置和混杂失序特征及演化阶段的分析,重建了太平洋洋板块地层。其中加州海岸山脉中侏罗世-古新世弗朗西斯卡杂岩体的研究比较深入,对该区俯冲带上叠蛇绿岩(大峡谷群弧前盆地蛇绿岩)和弗朗西斯卡北部马林海岬杂岩体(原岩为洋中脊玄武岩)进行了有效区分,不仅还原了太平洋板块的俯冲碰撞过程,还厘清了与之伴生的弧前盆地裂陷和扩张过程。另外,板块俯冲的滞留和幕式增生在活动时间较短的板块俯冲体系中可能不容易识别。  相似文献   

东北及内蒙古东部地区显生宙构造演化的有关问题   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

张兴洲  马玉霞  迟效国  张凤旭  孙跃武  郭冶  曾振 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,(5):1269-1285

以国家油气资源战略选区项目研究成果为基础,结合近年来该区积累的大量区域地质调查资料和已发表的数据,对东北及内蒙古东部地区早古生代以来的大地构造性质及其演化进行综合对比分析。东北地区晚古生代以来的构造演化以稳定的大陆地块为主体,而非两大板块间多岛洋演化形成的造山带。东北地区的各地块均具有前寒武纪—早前寒武纪、甚至是太古宙的古老基底,它们在早古生代早期(490～510Ma)同时遭受了区域变质作用和花岗质岩浆侵入。350～450Ma,各地块均处于相对稳定的构造环境,以普遍缺失这一时期的花岗质岩浆活动记录为标志。从早古生代晚期开始,东北及内蒙古东部地区至少已存在2个早古生代早期固结的微陆块,即额尔古纳—兴安微陆块和松嫩—佳木斯微陆块,这2个微陆块向北分别与俄罗斯境内的额尔古纳微陆块和布列亚微陆块相连。二者在早石炭世沿北北东向展布的开鲁—嫩江—黑河—诺拉—索霍提(Nora-Soukhotin)一线碰撞拼合,形成统一的东北亚晚古生代大陆板块。西拉沐伦河断裂西端被北北东向构造所截,向东延至开鲁—嫩江断裂,并没有延伸到松辽盆地内,说明西拉沐伦河断裂可能与开鲁—嫩江碰撞带的形成有关。从晚石炭世开始,东北亚大陆板块整体处于伸展构造背景,至少在中国境内具有北陆南海的构造-沉积古地理格局,早期发育以火山岩为主的断陷盆地,到中二叠世演化成一个规模巨大的海相沉积盆地。中生代以来,东北地区的构造体制转换及物质成分演化不仅仅是古亚洲洋构造域和西太平洋构造域叠加转换的结果,蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造域的演化对该区现今构造体制的形成也具有重要影响。地质和地球物理综合证据显示,大兴安岭北部的得尔布干断裂、内蒙古中部的贺根山断裂和黑龙江省东部的跃进山断裂可能并不是具有一定深度规模的构造分区断裂。东北地区的中、新生代盆地之下并非都是变质结晶基底,而是存在一个规模巨大的晚古生代海相沉积盆地。  相似文献   

河北省遵化—迁西地区超基性岩生成时代的探讨     

李树朋  刘小滨  王京隆  赵文浩 《吉林地质》2014,(2):20-25

冀东地区已蛇纹石化及未蚀变的超基性岩绝大多数在新太古代变质深成岩中呈包体存在,不少专家把这些超基性岩归属太古宙。笔者认为该区未变质及已蛇纹石化超基性岩应是显生宙的产物,而不是太古宙变质深成岩的"捕掳体"。同时对遵化—迁西地区蛇纹岩生成时代进行探讨。  相似文献   

A palaeomagnetic study of the Basal Gneiss Region and Jotun Nappe Complex, central-southern Scandinavian Caledonides   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. D. A. Piper  T. J. Poppleton 《Geophysical Journal International》1990,101(3):591-612

  相似文献   

Isotope provinces, mechanisms of generation and sources of the continental crust in the Central Asian mobile belt: geological and isotopic evidence   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

V. I. Kovalenko  V. V. Yarmolyuk  V. P. Kovach  A. B. Kotov  I. K. Kozakov  E. B. Salnikova  A. M. Larin 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2004,23(5):605-627

The available geological, geochronological and isotopic data on the felsic magmatic and related rocks from South Siberia, Transbaikalia and Mongolia are summarized to improve our understanding of the mechanisms and processes of the Phanerozoic crustal growth in the Central Asian mobile belt (CAMB). The following isotope provinces have been recognised: ‘Precambrian’ (T_DM=3.3–2.9 and 2.5–0.9 Ga) at the microcontinental blocks, ‘Caledonian’ (T_DM=1.1–0.55 Ga), ‘Hercynian’ (T_DM=0.8–0.5 Ma) and ‘Indosinian’ (T_DM=0.3 Ga) that coincide with coeval tectonic zones and formed at 570–475, 420–320 and 310–220 Ma. Continental crust of the microcontinents is underlain by, or intermixed with, ‘juvenile’ crust as evidenced by its isotopic heterogeneity. The continental crust of the Caledonian, Hercynian and Indosinian provinces is isotopically homogeneous and was produced from respective juvenile sources with addition of old crustal material in the island arcs or active continental margin environments. The crustal growth in the CAMB had episodic character and important crust-forming events took place in the Phanerozoic. Formation of the CAMB was connected with break up of the Rodinia supercontinent in consequence of creation of the South-Pacific hot superplume. Intraplate magmatism preceding and accompanying permanently other magmatic activity in the CAMB was caused by influence of the long-term South-Pacific plume or the Asian plume damping since the Devonian.  相似文献   

深层气理论分析和深层气潜势研究   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9  

史斗  刘文汇  郑军卫 《地球科学进展》2003,18(2):236-244

近年来的一些文献表述深层气时在"深层"和"深部"名词概念上容易造成不必要的费解。就沉积层而言,宜将生油主带（生油窗）作为"深"的界限,从此界限开始到基底以上地层范围的天然气统统称为"深层气";就整个地球而言,宜将沉积层结晶基底和该基底以下的天然气统统称为"深部气"。当然,还应更多地注意来源于深部"深生浅储"的"深层气"。深层气的形成与地壳烃类形成的垂直分带性有关。在一定的历史时期和一定的沉积盆地油气形成分带性理论对勘探实践发挥了一定的指导作用,随着油气地质科研和勘探实践的发展,人们逐渐发现了油气形成分带性理论中油相消失和气相生成带开始门限指标的局限性。不同盆地有不同深度的生油主带,因而也有不同深度范围生气主带（干气带）。腐泥型有机质的演化需要更高的活化能,而需更高的温度和更大的深度,其生气主带深于腐殖型有机质源岩层的位置。生气主带有机质演化受多种因素控制,其中温度、深度和时间是重要因素,引起深层温度升高的条件有地球动力和深部热流等。古生界以前的重大生物地质事件为深层气形成准备了有机质及其演化条件,从物质基础上讲,深层气有巨大的资源潜势。油气形成的地球动力学观点及其他新观点为研究深层气提供了新的思路,岩石圈的烃类资源远未枯竭,被发现和开采的资源仅是其中的一部分,更多的需在深部去发掘。  相似文献   

造山带金矿研究现状与存在的问题   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

周军  祁世军 《地球科学与环境学报》2004,26(2):16-23

造山带金矿是当前矿床学和大地构造学研究热点,Groves等(1998)、Goldfarb等(2001)基于太古"地壳连续模式"(Groves,1993)的研究工作以涉及资料量大、应用成果新、考虑地质因素多而居于这一领域前沿.但是,目前众多研究对前寒武地质与显生宙地质的宏观差异、世界金矿一些总体规律及若干具体大地构造背景等尚认识不足.显生宙缺乏太古代大规模火成活动,已知金矿中很少同变质深成型(hypozonal),以浅变质岩为围岩的金矿区中没有相当的中-深变质岩为围岩的金矿."太古绿岩带"金矿区同样也缺乏浅变质岩为围岩的金矿.华北地块周边金矿主要形成在侏罗-白垩纪,明显晚于大兴安岭造山带和秦岭-大别山造山带,而与欧亚陆缘近南北向燕山期岩浆弧有关.距俯冲带较远、缺乏蛇绿混杂岩与大规模变质作用、发育大量中-新生代盆地及广泛地壳减薄等表明,中国东部与北美科迪勒拉(Cordillera)造山带晚中生代地质存在宏观差异,燕山期岩浆弧可能形成于一个以伸展为主导的环境,大量以花岗岩为围岩或相对太古变质围岩后生成因金矿及其成矿的大地构造背景值得深入研究,弄清各类显生宙金矿与造山带的关系是推进造山带金矿研究的关键.  相似文献