排序方式： 共有64条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
We present a detailed review of the petrological and geochemical aspects of rhyolite and associated silicic volcanic rocks(up to 20 vol%of all rocks)reported to date from twelve well known Phanerozoic continental mafic Large Igneous Provinces(LIPs).These typically spread over<104 km^2(rarely 105 km^2 for Parana-Etendeka)area and comprise<10~4 km^3 of extrusive silicic rocks,erupted either during or after the main basaltic eruption within<5 Myr,with some eruption(s)continuing for≤30 Myr.These rhyolites and associated silicic volcanic rocks(60-81 wt.%of SiO2)are mostly metaluminous to peraluminous and are formed via(ⅰ)fractional crystallization of parental mafic magma with negligible crustal contamination,and(ⅱ)melting of continental crust or assimilation and fractional crystallization(AFC)of mafic magma with significant crustal contribution.Rhyolites formed by extensive fractional crystallization are characterized by the presence of clinopyroxene phenocrysts,exhibit steep negative slopes in bivariate major oxides plots and weak to no Nb-Ta anomaly;these typically have temperature>900℃.Rhyolites formed by significant crustal contribution are characterized by strong negative Nb-Ta anomalies,absence of clinopyroxene phenocrysts,and are likely to have a magma temperature<900℃.Geochemical signatures suggest rhyolite melt generation in the plagioclase stability field with a minor fraction originating from lower crustal depths.A large part of the compositional variability in rhyolites,particularly the SrNd-Pb-O isotope ratios,suggests a significant role of continental crust(upper crustal melting or AFC)in the evolution of these silicic rocks in the continental mafic LIPs. 相似文献
2.
东昆仑高Nb-Ta流纹岩的年代学、地球化学及成因 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
东昆仑高Nb-Ta流纹岩位于东昆仑造山带东段,其锆石U-Pb年龄为213Ma,该时期东昆仑造山带正处于俯冲-碰撞造山阶段的晚期.与同时期东昆仑地区的其它酸性火山岩及世界其它处于俯冲-碰撞造山阶段的流纹岩相比较,这一套流纹岩显示高硅、高钾,低铝、低钙,高Nb、Ta及强烈亏损Sr、Eu的独特地球化学特征.东昆仑高Nb-Ta流纹岩的Sr、Nd同位素组成显示该流纹岩可能具有分别来源于地幔和上地壳的两个端元组分.通过讨论,本文认为这套高Nb-Ta流纹岩可能由以下机制形成:地幔碱性玄武岩浆(具有高Nb-Ta的特征)侵入花岗闪长质地壳,并在上地壳某处停留,大量斜长石发生分离结晶,导致岩浆Eu-Sr的极度亏损;同时,幔源岩浆的侵入引起上地壳围岩部分熔融,从而受到上地壳混染.新生壳源岩浆与幔源岩浆混合,并进一步结晶分异演化,最终导致东昆仑高Nb-Ta流纹岩的形成. 相似文献
3.
Contrasting origins of Cenozoic silicic volcanic rocks from the western Cordillera of the United States 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Two fundamentally different types of silicic volcanic rocks formed during the Cenozoic of the western Cordillera of the United
States. Large volumes of dacite and rhyolite, mostly ignimbrites, erupted in the Oligocene in what is now the Great Basin
and contrast with rhyolites erupted along the Snake River Plain during the Late Cenozoic. The Great Basin dacites and rhyolites
are generally calc-alkaline, magnesian, oxidized, wet, cool (<850°C), Sr-and Al-rich, and Fe-poor. These silicic rocks are
interpreted to have been derived from mafic parent magmas generated by dehydration of oceanic lithosphere and melting in the
mantle wedge above a subduction zone. Plagioclase fractionation was minimized by the high water fugacity and oxide precipitation
was enhanced by high oxygen fugacity. This resulted in the formation of Si-, Al-, and Sr-rich differentiates with low Fe/Mg
ratios, relatively low temperatures, and declining densities. Magma mixing, large proportions of crustal assimilation, and
polybaric crystal fractionation were all important processes in generating this Oligocene suite. In contrast, most of the
rhyolites of the Snake River Plain are alkaline to calc-alkaline, ferroan, reduced, dry, hot (830–1,050°C), Sr-and Al-poor,
and Nb-and Fe-rich. They are part of a distinctly bimodal sequence with tholeiitic basalt. These characteristics were largely
imposed by their derivation from parental basalt (with low fH2O and low fO2) which formed by partial melting in or above a mantle plume. The differences in intensive parameters caused early precipitation
of plagioclase and retarded crystallization of Fe–Ti oxides. Fractionation led to higher density magmas and mid-crustal entrapment.
Renewed intrusion of mafic magma caused partial melting of the intrusive complex. Varying degrees of partial melting, fractionation,
and minor assimilation of older crust led to the array of rhyolite compositions. Only very small volumes of distinctive rhyolite
were derived by fractional crystallization of Fe-rich intermediate magmas like those of the Craters of the Moon-Cedar Butte
trend.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
4.
Bill Bonnichsen William P. Leeman Norio Honjo William C. McIntosh Martha M. Godchaux 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2008,70(3):315-342
New 40Ar-39Ar geochronology, bulk rock geochemical data, and physical characteristics for representative stratigraphic sections of rhyolite
ignimbrites and lavas from the west-central Snake River Plain (SRP) are combined to develop a coherent stratigraphic framework
for Miocene silicic magmatism in this part of the Yellowstone ‘hotspot track’. The magmatic record differs from that in areas
to the west and east with regard to its unusually large extrusive volume, broad lateral scale, and extended duration. We infer
that the magmatic systems developed in response to large-scale and repeated injections of basaltic magma into the crust, resulting
in significant reconstitution of large volumes of the crust, wide distribution of crustal melt zones, and complex feeder systems
for individual eruptive events. Some eruptive episodes or ‘events’ appear to be contemporaneous with major normal faulting,
and perhaps catastrophic crustal foundering, that may have triggered concurrent evacuations of separate silicic magma reservoirs.
This behavior and cumulative time-composition relations are difficult to relate to simple caldera-style single-source feeder
systems and imply complex temporal-spatial development of the silicic magma systems. Inferred volumes and timing of mafic
magma inputs, as the driving energy source, require a significant component of lithospheric extension on NNW-trending Basin
and Range style faults (i.e., roughly parallel to the SW–NE orientation of the eastern SRP). This is needed to accommodate
basaltic inputs at crustal levels, and is likely to play a role in generation of those magmas. Anomalously high magma production
in the SRP compared to that in adjacent areas (e.g., northern Basin and Range Province) may require additional sub-lithospheric
processes.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
This paper constitutes part of a special issue dedicated to Bill Bonnichsen on the petrogenesis and volcanology of anorogenic
rhyolites. 相似文献
5.
The vesiculation of a peralkaline rhyolite melt (initially containing ∼0.14 wt.% H2O) has been investigated at temperatures above the rheological glass transition (T
g≈530 °C) by (a) in situ optical observation of individual bubble growth or dissolution and (b) dilatometric measurements
of the volume expansion due to vesiculation. The activation energy of the timescale for bubble growth equals the activation
energy of viscous flow at relatively low temperatures (650–790 °C), but decreases and tends towards the value for water diffusion
at high temperatures (790–925 °C). The time dependence of volume expansion follows the Avrami equation
ΔV (t)∼{1–exp [–(t/τav)
n
]}
with the exponent n=2–2.5. The induction time of nucleation and the characteristic timescale (τav) in the Avrami equation have the same activation energy, again equal to the activation energy of viscous flow, which means
that in viscous melts (Peclet number <1) the vesiculation (volume expansion), the bubble growth process, and, possibly, the nucleation of vesicles, are
controlled by the relaxation of viscous stresses. One of the potential volcanological consequences of such behavior is the
existence of a significant time lag between the attainment of a super-saturated state in volatile-bearing rhyolitic magmas
and the onset of their expansion.
Received: March 20, 1995 / Accepted: October 24, 1995 相似文献
6.
准噶尔盆地陆梁地区基底火山岩的岩石地球化学及其构造环境 总被引：16，自引：9，他引：16
准噶尔盆地腹地陆梁起基底火山岩岩性为富钠玄武岩及流纹岩，总体显示出板内双峰火山岩特点。玄武岩的特征是：岩石的五晶和基质中普遍出现橄榄石；辉石为普通辉石；斑晶和基质中的长石为偏酸性的斜长石（平均牌号为30－50）；全岩化学成分CIPW计算结果表明，绝大部分含有Ne（2．8％－4．6％），均含有O1（19．3％－10．1％）和Di（0．2％－24．6％），标准矿物分子组合为Ne＋O1＋Di＋An；在全碱－SiO2图上玄武岩投影于碱性区；Mg^#＜65；REE总量为110．29－158．06μg/g。（La/Y）N变化范围为3．10－4．51。δEu变化于0．93－1．04；弱武岩的微量元素标准化图解为LILE相对于LREE适度富集，Nb,Ta相对于LREE和LILE亏损。Ni,Cr含量略低于原始岩浆的参考值；以上特征表明，弱武岩总体上属于碱性橄榄玄武岩；玄武岩具有较同正的εNd(t)和低的^87Sr/^86Sr，而流纹岩则具有较低的εNd(t)和较高的^87Sr/^86Sr，反映它们的同源性和遭受陆壳物质同化混染程度的不同。同位素Rb-Sr等时线年龄和单颗粒锆石蒸发年龄集中在323－395Ma。以上特点表明，陆梁玄武岩来自于亏损的地幔源区，并经历了一定程度的分异作用和陆壳物质的混染作用，其形成于板内环境，与泥盆纪－石灰纪区域伸展作用有关，因此，陆梁隆起带基底很可能是一个大陆裂谷带。 相似文献
7.
In situ formation of welded tuff-like textures in the carapace of a voluminous silicic lava flow,Owyhee County,SW Idaho 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
C. R. Manley 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1996,57(8):672-686
The Badlands rhyolite, on the Owyhee Plateau of southwestern Idaho, can be demonstrated to be a large lava flow on the basis
of its geometry of large and small flow lobes, its well-exposed near-vent features, and its response to pre-existing topography.
However, samples of the dense upper vitrophyre of the unit reveal a range of annealed fragmental textures, including material which closely resembles the
compressed, welded glass shards which are characteristic of ignimbrites. Formation of these tuff-like textures involved processes
probably common to emplacement of most silicic lava flow units. Decompression upon extrusion causes inflation of pumice at
the surface of the lava flow; some of this pumice is subsequently comminuted, producing loose bubble-wall shards, bits of
pumice, chips of dense glass, and fragments of phenocrysts. This debris sifts down around loose blocks and into open fractures
deeper in the flow, where it can be reheated, compressed, and annealed to varying degrees. The end result is a dense vitrophyre
layer (beneath the true upper, non-welded carapace breccia) which can be extremely texturally heterogeneous, with areas of
flow-foliated lava occurring very near lava which in many aspects looks like welded ignimbrite, complete with flattened pumices.
Identical textures in other silicic units have been cited by previous workers as evidence that those units erupted as pyroclastic
flows which then underwent sufficient rheomorphism to create a flow-foliated rock which otherwise appears to be lava. The
textures described herein indicate that lava flows can come to mimic rheomorphic ignimbrites, at least at scales ranging from
thin sections to outcrops. Voluminous silicic units with scattered fragmental textures, but with otherwise lava-like features,
are probably true effusive lava flows.
Received: January 30, 1995 / Accepted: January 22, 1996 相似文献
8.
西秦岭天水尹道寺中生代酸性火山岩锆石U-Pb定年和元素地球化学研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
对天水尹道寺酸性火山岩进行了LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主量和微量元素分析.结果表明,本区酸性火岩熔岩均为流纹岩,SiO2、Na2O K2O含量高,TiO2含量低,主体为亚碱性系列,轻稀土高度富集,Eu负异常明显.微量元素原始地幔标准化分配模式及洋中脊玄武岩标准化分配模式分别与大陆板内火山岩或大陆板内花岗岩的分配模式一致,Ba、Sr、P、Ti显著亏损.锆石U-Pb同位素定年揭示了流纹岩的岩浆结晶年龄为印支末期(211Ma).流纹岩具有富集放射性Pb同位素的特点,其源区可能为北秦岭基底岩石.依据稀土元素和微量元素分配模式对比研究,认为流纹岩浆为地壳下部部分熔融的产物.源区物质可能为下元古界秦岭岩群中的黑云角闪斜长片麻岩,源区的残留物主体可能为斜长石,含有角闪石,岩浆演化过程中存在少量的碱性长石和黑云母的分离结晶.印支末期秦岭地区处于由陆内碰撞造山阶段开始向深部地幔调整和岩石圈减薄阶段转变,特殊的构造背景使得陆内挤压、剪切走滑和推覆构造较为发育,西秦岭尹道寺地区特定的构造背景与断裂构造的结合,形成了该地区独特的流纹岩浆喷发. 相似文献
9.
Victoria C. Smith Phil Shane Ian A. Nairn Catherine M. Williams 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2006,69(1):57-88
Post-10 ka rhyolitic eruptions from the Haroharo linear vent zone, Okataina Volcanic Centre, have occurred from several simultaneously active vents spread over 12 km. Two of the three eruption episodes have tapped multiple compositionally distinct homogeneous magma batches. Three magmas totalling ~8 km3 were erupted during the 9.5 ka Rotoma episode. The most evolved Rotoma magma (SiO2=76.5–77.9 wt%, Sr=96–112 ppm) erupted from a southeastern vent, and is characterised by a cummingtonite-dominant mineralogy, a temperature of 739±14°C, and fO2 of NNO+0.52±0.11. The least evolved (SiO2=75.0–76.4 wt%, Sr=128–138 ppm, orthopyroxene+ hornblende-dominant) Rotoma magma erupted from several vents, and was hotter (764±18°C) and more reduced (NNO+0.40±0.13). The ~11 km3 Whakatane episode occurred at 5.6 ka and also erupted three magmas, each from a separate vent. The most evolved (SiO2=73.3–76.2 wt%, Sr=88–100 ppm) Whakatane magma erupted from the southwestern (Makatiti) vent and is cummingtonite-dominant, cool (745±11°C), and reduced (NNO+0.34±0.08). The least evolved (SiO2=72.8–74.1 wt%, Sr=132–134 ppm) magma was erupted from the northeastern (Pararoa) vent and is characterised by an orthopyroxene+ hornblende-dominant mineralogy, temperature of 764±18°C, and fO2 of NNO+0.40±0.13. Compositionally intermediate magmas were erupted during the Rotoma and Whakatane episodes are likely to be hybrids. A single ~13 km3 magma erupted during the intervening 8.1 ka Mamaku episode was relatively homogeneous in composition (SiO2=76.1–76.8 wt%, Sr=104–112 ppm), temperature (736±18°C), and oxygen fugacity (NNO+0.19±0.12). Some of the vents tapped a single magma while others tapped several. Deposit stratigraphy suggests that the eruptions alternated between magmas, which were often simultaneously erupted from separate vents. Both effusive and explosive activity alternated, but was predominantly effusive (>75% erupted as lava domes and flows). The plumbing systems which fed the vents are inferred to be complex, with magma experiencing different conditions in the conduits. As the eruption of several magmas was essentially concurrent, the episodes were likely triggered by a common event such as magmatic intrusion or seismic disturbance. 相似文献
10.
Yang Liu Alfred T. Anderson Colin J. N. Wilson Andrew M. Davis Ian M. Steele 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,151(1):71-87
Large pyroclastic rhyolites are snapshots of evolving magma bodies, and preserved in their eruptive pyroclasts is a record
of evolution up to the time of eruption. Here we focus on the conditions and processes in the Oruanui magma that erupted at
26.5 ka from Taupo Volcano, New Zealand. The 530 km3 (void-free) of material erupted in the Oruanui event is comparable in size to the Bishop Tuff in California, but differs
in that rhyolitic pumice and glass compositions, although variable, did not change systematically with eruption order. We
measured the concentrations of H2O, CO2 and major and trace elements in zoned phenocrysts and melt inclusions from individual pumice clasts covering the range from
early to late erupted units. We also used cathodoluminescence imaging to infer growth histories of quartz phenocrysts. For
quartz-hosted inclusions, we studied both fully enclosed melt inclusions and reentrants (connecting to host melt through a
small opening). The textures and compositions of inclusions and phenocrysts reflect complex pre-eruptive processes of incomplete
assimilation/partial melting, crystallization differentiation, magma mixing and gas saturation. ‘Restitic’ quartz occurs in
seven of eight pumice clasts studied. Variations in dissolved H2O and CO2 in quartz-hosted melt inclusions reflect gas saturation in the Oruanui magma and crystallization depths of ∼3.5–7 km. Based
on variations of dissolved H2O and CO2 in reentrants, the amount of exsolved gas at the beginning of eruption increased with depth, corresponding to decreasing
density with depth. Pre-eruptive mixing of magma with varying gas content implies variations in magma bulk density that would
have driven convective mixing.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献