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1.
研究盐度、昼夜变化、温度及阿特拉津(光合系统Ⅱ抑制剂)对2种海洋固氮蓝藻Calothrixsp.strain(代号为MCT1)和Lyngbyasp.strain(代号为MCT6)固氮活性的影响。结果表明,MCT1在盐度10—48范围内具有相对较高的固氮活性,在盐度为30时固氮活性最高,达到0.687 2μmolC2H2.(g.h)-1;而MCT6随盐度改变固氮活性变化幅度较大,盐度为24时具有最高固氮活性,其活性为0.876 8μmolC2H2.(g.h)-1。MCT1和MCT6固氮活性的昼夜变化明显不同,具有异型胞的海洋固氮蓝藻MCT1白天的固氮活性明显高于夜晚;而无异型胞的MCT6最高固氮活性发生在晚上,白天固氮活性较低。一定浓度的阿特拉津通过抑制光合作用阻断能量和还原剂的提供,使藻体在较短时间内丧失固氮能力。加入阿特拉津后2种藻体的固氮活性与对照组相比有明显的变化,实验第3天开始MCT1的所有经阿特拉津处理的样品固氮活性丧失;MCT6经(50—1 000)×10-6阿特拉津处理的样品从实验第3天开始固氮活性完全消失。 相似文献
2.
基于BP神经网络的复合污染体系中沉积物吸附阿特拉津的规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了Cu2+和阿特拉津(AT)复合污染体系中沉积物各活性组分及其交互作用对AT吸附量影响的BP神经网络模型,模型预测值和实验值的相关系数达到0.97,各集合的平均偏差均小于10%。模型显示,AT在沉积物上的主要吸附位是铁氧化物。沉积物吸附AT时铁氧化物、锰氧化物、有机质之间存在显著的交互作用,铁氧化物、锰氧化物交互作用贡献率为-130%～80%,铁氧化物、有机质交互作用贡献率为5%～28%,锰氧化物、有机质交互作用贡献率为-200%～-70%。各活性组分吸附AT的能力及其交互作用受Cu2+的影响较大,其中:Cu2+对AT在铁氧化物上的吸附表现为拮抗作用,对AT在锰氧化物上的吸附表现为协同作用,而对AT在有机质上的吸附影响不显著,同时Cu2+减弱了铁氧化物-锰氧化物和锰氧化物-有机质的交互作用影响,增强了铁氧化物-有机质的交互作用影响。 相似文献
3.
A simple index explains annual atrazine transport from surface runoff‐prone watersheds in the north‐central USA 
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下载免费PDF全文 Year‐to‐year dynamics in weather affect both the timing of application and the potential hydrologic transport of pesticides. Further, the most commonly used pesticides dissipate in the environment during the growing season. Interactions among these factors – hydrology, timing of application and dissipation kinetics – hinder the detection of temporal trends in transport. It is increasingly important to be able to discern such trends, to judge effectiveness of management practices or to determine whether observed changes were caused by management or weather. In previous work, a cumulative vulnerability index was developed to account for these three factors. It explained 63% of annual variation in atrazine load in the Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed (GCEW). The objectives of the current work were (i) to generalize the cumulative vulnerability index to explicitly account for variation in watershed size, area treated with atrazine and average application rate; (ii) to test the overall performance on watersheds showing such variation; and (3) to test whether the generalized index properly accounted for the additional input parameters. The generalized index was tested using data from GCEW (73.7 km2) and seven additional watersheds in the northeast Missouri claypan region that varied in size from 212 to 1180 km2 and from 4% to 23% of watershed area planted to corn or sorghum. Across 32 site‐years, the generalized index explained 84% of variation in annual atrazine load. Further, tests of residuals showed no dependence on either watershed area or fraction of area planted to corn and sorghum, indicating that these parameters were properly integrated into the index. The performance of the index supports the conclusion that data obtained from GCEW is representative of the Mark Twain Lake Basin and likely the entire Central Claypan Major Land Resource Area. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. 相似文献
4.
HAN Zhaoxiang* HE Gu ong WANG Jiahong Lü Chunxia School of Chemical Engineering Huaihai Institute of Technology Lianyungang China School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing China Jiaonan Agricultural Bureau Qingdao China 《中国地球化学学报》2011,30(4):523-530
In this study, the joint effects of Cd(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ) and atrazine (ATR) on Solidago Canadensis L. were investigated. The results showed that soil containing Cd, Pb and ATR could inhibit root elongation of Solidago Canadensis L., and that there was a positive linear relationship between the inhibitory rate of root elongation and the concentrations of Pb(Ⅱ). The mixture of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR in soil showed a significant adverse effect on root and shoot biomass of Solidago Canadensis L. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) contents increased slightly at the lower concentrations of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR, then decreased when Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR concentrations were higher than those of 1.0 TUmix(Cd+ATR). The toxic effect of Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR on the ASA contents of Solidago Canadensis L. was greater than that of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR. Soluble sugar contents firstly decreased and then increased with increasing concentrations of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR and displayed fluctuation with increasing concentrations of Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR. Total protein contents in-creased with increasing concentrations of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR , relative to the control sample. The NP-SH con-tents showed a significant increase up to 12.2 mg/gfw of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR, followed by a significant decline to 4.5 mg/gfw after 14 days of exposure. The effect of Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR was similar to that of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR but the amount of NP-SH was not higher than that of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR. 相似文献
5.
为揭示农药（晶体乐果、甲霜灵、阿特拉津、马拉硫磷、扑草净）与重金属（铜、锌、铅、镉、镍）10种污染物共存时的复合污染规律,以阿特拉津为目标污染物,采用分辨度为Ⅲ的210-6分式析因实验设计,并用完全折叠实验和区组设计进行辅助,通过多元线性回归的建模方法筛选并建立了以阿特拉津为因变量、10种污染物因子主效应和二阶交互效应为自变量的多元线性回归吸附模型。研究表明：共存体系中因子主效应项铅、铜、锌、镉、镍和农药晶体乐果显著抑制（显著性水平α=0.05）阿特拉津在沉积物上的吸附,与阿特拉津产生竞争吸附效应,因重金属主效应产生的拮抗作用占总拮抗作用的63.5%,其拮抗作用从大到小为镍、镉、晶体乐果、锌、铅、铜;在以镍为关键自变量的二阶交互效应项中,因二阶交互效应项产生的协同或拮抗作用占阿特拉津吸附能力的35.3%,其中,铅、镉和晶体乐果抑制镍与阿特拉津的竞争吸附,与阿特拉津在沉积物上的吸附发生协同作用,协同作用从大到小为镉×镍、铅×镍、镍×晶体乐果;而镍作为调节自变量的二阶交互效应项镍阿特拉津会促进阿特拉津的吸附,说明多种污染物共存体系中重金属镍对阿特拉津在沉积物上吸附影响作用的复杂性和重要性。 相似文献
6.
阿特拉津低温降解菌的筛选及降解机理研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以阿特拉津为唯一氮源, 在低温条件下(10℃),从吉林市污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离、筛选出1株能够高效降解地下水中阿特拉津的菌株W4.通过16S rDNA碱基测序和比对,初步确定该菌为假单胞菌属;通过室内降解条件优化,确定W4的最佳降解条件:初始pH范围为7～9,最佳碳源为蔗糖和乳糖,最佳碳源加入量为0.4 g/L.在最佳降解条件下,W4对初始质量浓度为34 mg/L、22 mg/L和10 mg/L的阿特拉津的生物降解反应符合零级反应动力学方程,对初始质量浓度为5 mg/L的阿特拉津的生物降解反应符合一级反应动力学方程.GC/MS分析结果显示,菌株W4降解阿特拉津遵循氯水解途径,代谢产物为2-羟基-4-乙胺基-6-异丙胺基-1,3,5-三嗪. 相似文献
7.
阿特拉津是研究区内广泛使用的旱田除草剂。为治理其污染的地下水 ,采用静态和动态实验的方法研究其在含水介质砂层中的吸附特性和在地下水中的迁移转化规律。实验结果表明 :砂层对阿特拉津的吸附量小 ,不同固液比 (1.0、0 .5、0 .2 )时的分配系数分别为 0 .10 ,0 .15 ,0 .19cm3 /g ;含水层的弥散度为 0 .0 336m ,阻滞因子为 1.2 9,自然净化系数为 0 .0 0 2 8/d。由此确定所建立的数学模型和参数 ,为研究区阿特拉津污染地下水的治理提供可靠的依据 相似文献
8.
低温下固定化微生物降解水体中阿特拉津的效果 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对低浓度阿特拉津对地表水、地下水的污染,于低温(10℃)条件下(考虑其在地下水或寒冷地区地表水污染中的应用),筛选的高效降解阿特拉津的优势菌株——4株菌W2、L1、L2、N8的混合菌(1∶1∶1∶1),采用吸附固定技术对其进行固定,选取最佳微生物固体载体——活性炭,并筛选出其最佳固定化条件:活性炭粒径为0.5~1 mm、pH=8。在此条件下,对固定化与悬浮态菌体处理阿特拉津的效果进行对比。实验结果表明,固定化混合菌的降解率在6 d内即达到了99.91%。 相似文献
9.
响应曲面法优化生物质炭去除水溶液中的阿特拉津 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将农业废弃物大豆秆在450℃缺氧条件下热裂解制备生物质炭。采用元素分析仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、光电子能谱分析(XPS)等手段对生物质炭进行理化性质分析;应用响应曲面法(RSM)下的中心合成设计(CCD)功能研究4个因素(初始pH、吸附剂质量浓度、阿特拉津质量浓度、温度)对阿特拉津去除率的影响;建立二阶模型,并通过方差分析验证二阶方程的有效性。结果表明:生物质炭表面充满孔状结构,且富含C=C、C-C、CHx、-C-OR、-COOR等官能团;吸附阿特拉津后生物质炭在羟基(-OH)的位置产生了新的吸收峰,推测羟基官能团在吸附过程中发挥了重要作用。RSM法优化最佳吸附去除阿特拉津条件为:初始阿特拉津质量浓度为5mg/L、pH=6.67,吸附剂质量浓度为7.75g/L、温度为32℃;在该条件下阿特拉津的吸附去除率达到92.18%。该研究可为评价施加生物质炭土壤中阿特拉津的迁移规律及阿特拉津污染水体修复提供参考。 相似文献
10.
The herbicides atrazine, simazine and terbuthylazine (and the degradation product deethylatrazine) were analysed in two river-to-open-sea transects and two vertical (open-sea) profiles in the southern Baltic off Poland. Samples taken in September 1995 and April 1997 contained total triazine concentrations ranging from 7 to 31 and 4.5 to 13 ng/dm3, respectively. Concentrations of the individual compounds ranged from 0 to 8 ng/dm3. These are generally higher than levels reported, for example, in the North Sea. The largest surface concentrations were found close to the Vistula and Odra river mouths, endorsing river run-off as a primary source of the triazines. Temporal variability can be related to the late-spring and early-summer agricultural applications of the compounds. Variations in ratios between the individual triazines can be explained by usage patterns and differing residence times. Offshore vertical profiles indicate enrichment of the surface layer through atmospheric triazines inputs, highest concentrations above the halocline associated with colloidal organics and lowest concentrations in the bottom waters, probably as a result of particulate scavenging. The influence of the North Sea inflow to the Baltic is also discussed. 相似文献