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为了避免均质和非均质模型不能较好地模拟围岩的层裂或板裂化现象,将岩石视为等效连续介质,即颗粒体材料。颗粒被视为弹性材料,而颗粒之间的界面破坏后被视为摩尔-库仑材料。颗粒和界面均被离散为正方形单元。采用FLAC研究了不同侧压系数时圆形巷道围岩中的剪切应变增量、最小、最大主应力等的分布规律。研究发现,颗粒体材料模型在压应力作用下诱发出的拉应力值接近于在模型边界上所施加的最大压应力,而最大压应力是所施加的最大压应力的数倍。这些结果意味着均质和非均质模型的计算结果是偏于不安全的。另外,最小主应力和剪切应变增量的等值线图均显示,这些量的高值区的距离大致相等,这与V形岩爆坑内的板裂化现象类似。围岩层裂现象的原因是环向的高压应力和径向的高拉应力的共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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Inland notches: lithological characteristics and climatic implications of subaerial cavernous landforms in Israel 
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下载免费PDF全文 Inland notches, are elongated concave‐shape indentations that develop on the carbonate rocky cliffs of mountainous zones, down to the desert fringe. These rock shelters form as a result of the interaction between specific petrologic characteristics and climatic controls, emphasizing the importance of environment upon rock decay. Inland notches are shaped due to slight differences (1–15%) in the porosity of the visor and cavity bed: the cavity bed is more porous, so more likely to erode by exfoliation and dissolution. Thus, the cavity bed retreats at a faster rate compared to the slower subaerial dissolution of the visor bed, until a critical point is reached where the visor collapses. In Israel, inland notches inhabit the same lithostratigraphic units as do large caves. The vast majority (71%) of inland notches are formed in hard, dense, and crystalline limestone deposited throughout the Turonian age. Another 27% are cut into the dolomitic sequence of the upper Albian and lower Cenomanian. The rest (2%) are dispersed in the various formations of the Cenomanian and Eocene eras. Notches are most common in semi‐arid and in Mediterranean climates but mainly in areas with annual rainfall of between 400 mm and 850 mm. In more humid areas (> 900 mm/yr) notches are negligible or completely absent, due to the rapid rate of chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks. In the desert fringe (200–300 mm/yr), mechanical decay is accelerated and notches exhibit disintegration processes, visor collapse, and rock falls. In the desert area (< 200 mm/yr), salt decay replaces the chemical decay characteristic of inland notches, encouraging tafoni formation. In addition, notches form through fluvial activity or on account of greater petrophysical differences between consecutive beds; i.e. elongated cavities may form in soft rocks, shaded by harder visors or crusts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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新疆尉犁蛭石矿工业蛭石化学法膨胀的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对采自新疆尉犁蛭石矿的工业蛭石样品进行化学成分和XRD分析研究基础上,选用工业级双氧水作为化学膨胀处理剂进行化学膨胀处理试验研究,结果表明:工业蛭石的化学膨胀特点和影响工业蛭石膨胀效果的主要因素是其晶层层间域中的过氧化氢分子在分解过程中所产生的氧气压力。对蛭石样品用不同浓度的双氧水作用相同的时间或用相同浓度的双氧水作用不同时间后发现:用浓度为25%的双氧水处理工业蛭石样品可以达到大于4倍的体积膨胀,膨胀后的工业蛭石样品的结构特征无明显变化,并能保持工业蛭石膨胀产物的韧性。 相似文献
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为了制得超细化的二硫化钼，采用LiCl剥离辉钼矿。在室温下，将一定量的二硫化钼加入到氯化锂水溶液中，经搅拌、超声振荡，得到有沉淀的溶液。经过滤、水洗、干燥，用XRD，SEM表征，结果表明二硫化钼的径厚比明显减小，层厚达到约19nm。其原因可能是锂离子进入到MoS2的层间，撑开了二硫化钼层化学剥离所致。 相似文献
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人工开挖是黄土地质灾害最积极的诱发因素之一。为揭示非大型工程未经支护的开挖型黄土边坡在卸荷、剥落、侵蚀作用下边坡的变形破坏特征及其对边坡稳定性的影响,通过野外调查、原位微型贯入测试、室内试验等方法,对陕西省延安地区23处开挖型黄土边坡进行研究。结果表明,边坡卸荷剥落层厚度与边坡开挖年龄呈线性正相关关系,现场贯入阻力值与边坡开挖年龄呈负幂相关关系,浅层土体化学侵蚀现象较深层土体强烈。开挖型黄土边坡的变形破坏模式主要为滑移式崩塌和蠕滑-拉裂式浅层滑坡,崩塌的破坏演化过程主要为"侵蚀剥落-内凹-张裂-滑移",滑坡的破坏演化过程主要为"蠕滑-拉裂-贯通-滑脱"。 相似文献
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Stefan W. Grab 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2002,84(1):39-50
Limited research attention has focussed on turf exfoliation as a denudation process in mountain environments. This paper examines some characteristics of turf exfoliation forms identified within particular valley zones in the Drakensberg alpine belt. Morphological and sedimentological data are presented for turf exfoliated sites investigated in the Mashai Valley of eastern Lesotho. It is found that a variety of processes, including needle ice action, biological activity, fluvial processes and deflation, operating synergistically, are responsible for contemporary turf exfoliation in the high Drakensberg. It is apparent that the strong seasonality from mild, wet summers to cold, dry winters has helped induce the annual cycle of dominating processes. 相似文献
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