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1.
Alexander Garcia-Aristizabal Hiroyuki Kumagai Pablo Samaniego Patricia Mothes Hugo Yepes Michel Monzier 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007
Guagua Pichincha, located 14 km west of Quito, Ecuador, is a stratovolcano bisected by a horseshoe-shaped caldera. In 1999, after some months of phreatic activity, Guagua Pichincha entered into an eruptive period characterized by the extrusion of several dacitic domes, vulcanian eruptions, and pyroclastic flows. We estimated the three-dimensional (3-D) P-wave velocity structure beneath Guagua Pichincha using a tomographic inversion method based on finite-difference calculations of first-arrival times. Hypocenters of volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes and long-period (LP) events were relocated using the 3-D P-wave velocity model. A low-velocity anomaly exists beneath the caldera and may represent an active volcanic conduit. Petrologic analysis of eruptive products indicates a magma storage region beneath the caldera, having a vertical extent of 7–8 km with the upper boundary at about sea level. This zone coincides with the source region of deeper VT earthquakes, indicating that a primary magma body exists in this region. LP swarms occurred in a cyclic pattern synchronous with ground deformation during magma extrusions. The correlation between seismicity and ground deformation suggests that both respond to pressure changes caused by the cyclic eruptive behavior of lava domes. 相似文献
2.
The garnet–muscovite (GM) geothermometer and the garnet–muscovite–plagioclase–quartz(GMPQ) geobarometer have been simultaneously calibrated underconditions of T = 450–760°C and P = 0·8–11·1kbar, using a large number of metapelitic samples in the compositionalranges = 0·53–0·81, = 0·05–0·24, = 0·03–0·23 in garnet, = 0·17–0·74 in plagioclase, and Fe = 0·04–0·16, Mg =0·04–0·13, AlVI = 1·74–1·96in muscovite on the basis of 11 oxygens. The resulting GM thermometeryielded similar temperature estimates (mostly within ±50°C)to that of the garnet–biotite thermometer, and successfullydiscerned the expected systematic temperature change of progradesequences, thermal contact zones and an inverted metamorphiczone. The resulting GMPQ barometer yielded similar pressureestimates (mostly within ±1·0 kbar) to the garnet–aluminumsilicate–plagioclase–quartz (GASP) barometer andplaced the aluminosilicate-bearing samples in the appropriatealuminosilicate stability fields. Application of the GMPQ barometerto thermal contact aureoles or rocks within limited geographicalareas confirmed the expected constant pressures that shouldexist in these settings. The random errors of the GM thermometerand the GMPQ barometer are estimated to be ±16°Cand ±1·5 kbar, respectively. When biotite or aluminosilicateis absent in metapelites, metamorphic P–T conditions maybe determined by simultaneously applying the GM thermometerand the GMPQ barometer. KEY WORDS: application; calibration; geobarometer; geothermometer; metapelite 相似文献
3.
Differential uplift between Beihuaiyang and Dabie orogenic belt 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Isotope dating, hornblende geobarometer, fission-track analysis and fluid inclusion homogeneous temperature analysis have
been applied to Caledonian, Variscan and Yenshan plutons in Bei Huaiyang (BHY) and Dabie orogenic belt (DOB), and the emplaced
depths and ages of these plutons have been obtained in order to obtain differential uplift time and uplift heights between
BHY and DOB since late Paleozoic era. BHY had experienced three stages of uplift (C1-C2, T-J2, J3-K1) and its total uplift
height is about 10 km, but, DOB had only experienced two stages of uplift (T-J2, J3-K1) and its maximum uplift height is more
than 15 km. BHY uplift occurred mainly before the mid-Jurassic (about 150 Ma), but DOB uplift took place after the mid-Jurassic
(about 150 Ma). 相似文献
4.
Li Zhaolin Qiu Zhili Qin Shecai Pang Xuebin Liang Dehua Teng Yunye Li Yang 《中国地球化学学报》1994,13(2):107-117
Volcanic rocks in seamounts of the South China Sea consist mainly of alkali basalt, tholeiitic basalt, trachyandesitic pumice,
dacite, etc. Inclusions in the minerals of the volcanic rocks are mainly amorphous melt inclusions, which reflects that the
volcanic rocks are characterized by submarine eruption and rapid cooling on the seafloor. Furthermore, fluid-melt inclusions
have been discovered for the first time in alkali basalts and mantle-derived xenoliths. indicating a process of differentiation
between magma and fluid in the course of mantle partial melting. Alkali basalts and inclusions may have been formed in this
nonhomogeneous system.
Rock-forming temperatures of four seamounts were estimated as follows: the Zhongnan seamount alkali basalt 1155 ∼ 1185 °C;
the Xianbei seamount alkali basalt 960 ∼ 1200 °C; tholeiitic basalt 1040 ∼ 1230 °C; the Daimao seamount tholeiitic basalt
1245 ∼ 1280 °C; and the Jianfeng seamount trachyandestic pumice 880 ∼ 1140 °C. Equilibrium pressures of alkali basalts in
the Zhongnan and Xianbei seamounts are 13.57 and 8.8 × 108 Pa, respectively. Pyroxene equilibrium temperatures of mantle xenoliths from the Xianbei seamount were estimated at 1073
∼ 1121 °C, and pressures at (15.58 ∼ 22.47)×108Pa, suggesting a deep-source (e.g. the asthenosphere) for the alkali basalts.
This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangzhou Marine Geology Survey. 相似文献
5.
根据反应：2石榴子石（Gt）＋3石英（Q2）=2斜方辉石（Opx）＋堇青石（Cord），采用最新热力学资料，在平衡热力学原理的基础上，建立该反应Mg、Fe端员组分压力计表达式：经世界典型孔兹岩系地区的验证以及与其它石榴子石一墓青石压力计对比，计算结果基本合理，表明这一新的压力计具有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
6.
秦巴北部商县—卢氏地区变质方解石—白云石地质压力计的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
秦巴北部的商县-卢氏县地区广泛分布有区域变质的方解石-白云石共生矿物对,它们对于估计变质作用和断裂构造作用的温压条件,有着重要的意义。本文着重就该地区Fe~(2+)在方解石-白云石中的X_(Fe)~(Co)>X_(Fe)~(Dol)分配情况,提出新的计压方法。 相似文献
7.
甘肃金川Ⅱ号岩体辉石化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
金川Ⅱ号岩体主要由二辉橄榄岩和硫化物橄榄岩构成,单斜辉石和斜方辉石为岩相中主要造岩矿物,单斜辉石含量一般高于斜方辉石.矿物间的结构关系表明主要造岩矿物的结晶顺序为:橄榄石-斜方辉石-单斜辉石-斜长石.单斜辉石的TiO2,Al2O3,Cr2O3和Na2O质量分数依次为:0.29%～1.26%、3.17%～3.59%、0.86%～1.14%、0.29%～0.57%,斜方辉石的TiO2,Al2O3,Cr2O3和Na2O质量分数普遍低于单斜辉石,依次为:0.16%～0.40%、1.85%～2.38%、0.48%～0.68%、0.03%～0.10%.元素间的相关关系显示辉石的类质同像置换方式为:M1Fe2 2 Si=M1Ti 2IV Al,M1Fe2 Si=M1Fe3 IVAl,Fe3 和Ti进入矿物晶格置换Fe2 来平衡Al置换Si产生的正电价差.两种辉石较低的TiO2,Al2O3和Na2O质量分数显示出母岩浆为拉斑玄武岩浆的特征.二辉石温度计和单辉石温度计算表明斜方辉石的结晶温度下限和单斜辉石结晶温度上限大致在1146℃～1166℃之间,单斜辉石的结晶一直持续到1032℃或者更低.金川Ⅱ号岩体单斜辉石演化明显表现出向透辉石端员偏离,暗示岩浆在结晶分异过程中,可能与富钙质围岩发生了同化混染作用. 相似文献
8.
多硅白云母地质压力计的研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
白云母是变质岩中分布最广泛的矿物之一,在大多数矿物组合中白云母的Si含量随着变质作用压力的增加而增加,可作为地质压力计。对KMASH体系3个有限组合中多硅白云母的Si含量与温压条件关系的实验研究结果表明,多硅白云母Si含量地质压力计明显与矿物组合有关。因此,不能把这些实验结果简单地外延到矿物组合不同的天然岩石中。在KMASH体系的温压视剖面图上模拟白云母的Si含量等值线与质量较好的实验结果非常接近,由此可以把这种方法推广到KFMASH或更复杂的体系中。在利用多硅白云母Si的含量确定天然矿物组合的变质作用压力时,最好利用视剖面图的方法。 相似文献
9.
山东石岛花岗岩复合岩体的侵位深度与苏鲁超高压变质岩的快速折返机制及动力学效应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
山东石岛正长岩-花岗岩复合岩体形成于225～205Ma之间,侵入到苏鲁超高压岩石中.通过铝在角闪石的压力计,确定了年龄约为225～215Ma的甲子山岩体的侵位深度,约为15km.结合前人对石岛花岗岩复合岩体的地质年代学和地球化学及本研究结果,表明:(1)石岛正长岩在225～215Ma期间快速侵位小于15km的深度,同时快速冷却结晶;(2)在215Ma或早些时候,苏鲁最东端的超高压岩石已位于小于15km的深度;(3)苏鲁超高压岩石以大于5mm/yr的速率快速折返.俯冲板片前锋的断离所导致的深部动力学效应可能是苏鲁超高压岩石快速折返的主要驱动力.这种深部动力学过程导致软流圈地幔的快速上涌,诱发岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,形成钾质岩浆,可能是华北克拉通在中生代发生大规模伸展作用及减薄的初始驱动力. 相似文献
10.
大别山南部高压-超高压变质地体中云母片岩和片麻岩的相平衡研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
对于大别山高压一超高压变质带中大面积出露的云母片岩和片麻岩的变质条件和演化历史有不同的认识：如中低压绿帘角闪岩相，高压角闪岩相和超高压榴辉岩相。通过对大别山南部超高压榴辉岩区、高压榴辉岩区和宿松变质杂岩带中的云母片岩和片麻岩进行详细的岩相学及相平衡研究表明：它们的变质条件分别为610℃～690℃，1．2～1．4GPa；590～600℃、1．3～1．5GPa；520～590℃，0．9～1．4GPa，相当于高压绿帘角闪岩相、高压角闪岩相与榴辉岩相之间的过渡。依据超高压榴辉岩区绿帘石黑云片麻岩中的石榴石环带特征推测，它们很可能经过超高压变质阶段。现有矿物组合记录了抬升阶段的条件。但是高压榴辉岩区的石榴石绿帘石二云片麻岩和宿松变质杂岩带中石榴石云母片岩中的石榴石环带特征表明，其现有矿物组合记录了变质峰期条件，不应该经历更高压变质阶段。在KFMASH体系的PT视剖面图上计算多硅白云母Si含量等值线表明，在多数矿物组合中白云母的Si含量可作为地质压力计，但Si等值线的斜率受到矿物组合的控制。 相似文献