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1.
苏鲁超高压变质带中三叠纪石岛杂岩体的地球化学研究 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：6
位于山东省胶东地区的石岛杂岩体是苏鲁超高压变质地块中唯一已知的与三叠纪俯冲板片断离有关的“同折返”火成杂岩。岩性上自早到晚由辉长岩、辉石正长岩、(石英)正长岩和正长花岗岩等四个岩石单元构成。杂岩体各岩石单元均富钾，K2O/Na2O=1.12～3.04，是典型的富钾系列的侵入岩。SiO2与TiO2、Fe2O3、FeO、MgO、CaO、MnO、Ba、Sr成反比，与Nb、Rb含量呈正比。所有岩石单元均明显地富集LREE，早期单元无明显的铕异常，晚期单元具有弱的负铕异常。微量元素具有Nb、Ta和Ti的负异常和Pb的正异常，Ba早期富集，晚期亏损。各岩石单元全岩样品的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成非常的一致：^87Sr/^86Sr(225Ma)为0.706～0.707、εNd(225Ma)为-13.6～-16.2、^206Pb/^204Pb为16.29～16.57、^207Pb/^204Pb为15.24～15.44、^208Pb/^204Pb为36.54～37.11。石岛杂岩体的成因机制可以用板块断离模型解释，而在物质来源上不同岩石单元都来自相同的富集岩石圈地幔源区，由于不同阶段熔融并经历不同程度结晶分异和下地壳同化混染导致它们在成分上的差异。 相似文献
2.
深俯冲和折返动力学:来自中国大陆科学钻探主孔及苏鲁超高压变质带的制约 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国大陆科学钻探工程和苏鲁高压-超高压变质带为大陆岩石圈的深俯冲与折返动力学的研究提供了以下制约:(1)苏鲁高压/超高压变质地体迭置于南、北苏鲁两个不同时代及属性的基底之上;(2)苏鲁巨量表壳岩石深俯冲至200km以下的上地幔深度,并经历超高压变质作用;(3)根据不同类型超高压变质岩石锆石的SHRIMP-U/Pb原位精确定年,获得超高压变质岩石的深俯冲-折返全过程(240～252Ma→230～237Ma→207～218Ma)时限.并建立了新的深俯冲-折返全过程的P-T-t轨迹;(4)富钛铁的辉长岩在大陆地壳的深俯冲过程中,经历了超高压变质作用并转变成了富含金红石的榴辉岩,形成了超高压变质的钛矿床;(5)通过榴辉岩和石榴石橄榄岩的显微构造分析及石榴石、绿辉石和橄榄石EBSD测量,确定深俯冲过程中绿辉石和橄榄石的组构运动学和流变学特征;(6)在大陆的深俯冲过程中,强烈水化的陆壳岩石经历了进变质脱水过程,巨量的地表水带入到＞100～200Km的地幔深处,在超高压变质峰期的极端条件下,通过含水超高压变质矿物的分解形成超临界的含水熔体,导致有效的壳-幔物质交换和岩石圈物质分异;(7)苏鲁超高压变质地体在折返阶段形成挤出纳布构造,与岩石圈深俯冲管道流的折返挤出机制有关;(8)提出新的深俯冲-折返动力学模式:陆.陆碰撞的深俯冲剥蚀模式及大陆地壳多重性、分层型和穿时性的俯冲和折返模式. 相似文献
3.
记载了早中生代壳幔演化的赤峰-凌源地质走廊 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
本文从内蒙赤峰至辽西凌源南北近200km的地质走廊中,选择早中生代(237～206 Ma)形成不同深度、不同产状的8种火成岩作为研究对象,探讨早中生代华北克拉通北缘的地质演化.这8种岩石包括:火山岩、岩墙群和闪长岩、碱性花岗岩、碱性杂岩、镁铁质麻粒岩、堆晶岩及其捕获的地幔岩包体.研究表明,在底侵作用的背景下,华北早中生代发生了强烈的壳幔相互作用和岩石圈地幔富集过程,伴随早中生代大陆地壳的增生和深部结构的调整,地表相应出现快速的差异抬升和剥蚀. 相似文献
4.
水泉沟岩体为岩浆成因,岩体的侵位深度2~3km,侵位时代为印支期,划分为4种岩石组合.水泉沟岩体是一个钾质-高钾质的钙碱性、弱碱性和碱性岩石共存的杂岩体.岩石化学成分变异图解证明岩浆存在两种演化趋势,一是酸性演化趋势:辉石闪长岩→角闪二长岩(包括二长岩)→石英碱长正长岩→碱长花岗岩;二是碱性演化趋势:正长岩→霓辉正长岩→碱长正长岩.同时也探讨了这两种演化趋势的内在机理. 相似文献
5.
南苏鲁晚中生代花岗岩的形成年龄及源区 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本文对苏鲁造山带西南端(南苏鲁)的中生代花岗岩采用激光探针等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)方法进行了年代学测定,李埝岩体为122±5Ma(6个测点的加权平均值),抗日山岩体的年龄为119±2Ma(5个测点的加权平均值),这些结果表明,南苏鲁地区的花岗岩主要形成于燕山期,相当于早白垩世。两个花岗岩体中还分别检测出新元古代的锆石,年龄范围为751~639Ma,表明有新元古代的岩石参与了中生代花岗岩的形成。花岗岩与围岩花岗质片麻岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素以及锆石特征的对比表明,经历超高压变质的花岗质片麻岩不是中生代花岗岩的主要源岩。花岗岩中存在暗色包体,结合该地区存在大量同时代的幔源岩浆活动,推测壳幔岩浆的混合可能是南苏鲁花岗岩形成的主要方式。 相似文献
6.
苏鲁高压—超高压变质地体的陆—陆碰撞深俯冲剥蚀模式 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17
中国苏鲁高压—超高压变质地体由2个不同时代的变质基底组成.南苏鲁(临沭—连云港地区)中不同类型高压—超高压变质岩石的原岩形成于由大陆玄武质岩石、辉长岩、表壳岩和花岗岩组成的被动大陆边缘拉伸构造环境.研究表明南苏鲁高压—超高压变质岩石的原岩所代表的花岗岩浆和基性岩浆作用为罗迪尼亚超大陆形成后的新元古代(780-700Ma)裂解事件的响应.北苏鲁(青岛—威海)超高压变质地区的花岗质片麻岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年表明,变质基底的年龄是2400Ma(或 & 2400 Ma),并经历了1800-1700Ma和-200Ma的变质事件,研究表明苏鲁高压—超高压变质地体由2个不同时代变质基底组成,北苏鲁的变质基底属于北中国板块胶辽朝地块的一部分,形成时代比南苏鲁基底老得多,其与南苏鲁地块之间的界限位于五莲以北到海阳所以南一线.由于在北苏鲁含柯石英的透辉石石英岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年获得精确超高压峰期变质年龄为(234.1±4.2)Ma,退变质年龄为(218.2±1.5)Ma,表明南、北苏鲁2个不同时代基底地块同时经历了超高压变质作用.根据上述事实,提出苏鲁高压—超高压变质地体的陆—陆碰撞俯冲剥蚀新模式,即扬子板片在240-220Ma的深俯冲作用中拽动上部胶辽朝板片的—部分老变质基底岩石向下俯冲至大于100km的深度,并形成楔形俯冲剥蚀体,之后又与南苏鲁俯冲板片一起快速折返上来。 相似文献
7.
苏鲁造山带超高压变质作用及其P-T-t轨迹 总被引：23，自引：25，他引：23
基于超高压变质岩的岩石学,特别是超高压矿物生长成分环带、扩散环带和蚀变作用研究,综合前人的岩石学和年代学研究成果,提出苏鲁造山带超高压变质作用峰期发生在1000-1100℃和6-7GPa条件下,俯冲深度相当于200km,形成年代为240-250Ma。在此基础上,重塑了一个包括八期变质作用的P-T-t轨迹,揭示出超高压变质岩经历了三个不同的折返阶段,即从200km到100km深度的快速折返阶段,抬升速率为5km/Ma,冷却速率为10℃/Ma;从100km到30km的快速折返,抬升速率为4km/Ma,或为近等温降压,或为缓慢降温的快速降压过程;从下地壳到近地表的缓慢折返阶段,抬升速率为1km/Ma,但为快速降温过程,冷却速率可达20℃/Ma。 相似文献
8.
华北东部橄榄岩岩石化学特征及其岩石圈地幔演化意义 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
华北东部古生代以来火山岩中捕虏体橄榄岩和苏鲁早中生代构造侵位橄榄岩的岩石化学结果表明: 古生代金伯利岩侵位时仍然存在的难熔、漂浮克拉通地幔在中、新生代时其大部被新生饱满的岩石圈地幔物质取代置换.在100 Ma前(但不早于178 Ma), 新生软流圈物质就已开始沿古老岩石圈内的地幔薄弱带和岩石圈深断裂带对克拉通地幔进行侵蚀、交代和混合作用, 引起岩石圈大幅减薄.这一减薄存在时间、空间的不均匀性, 但在老第三纪达最大.新第三纪以来, 上涌的软流圈物质由于温度下降回落(岩石圈小幅增厚)并转化为新生岩石圈地幔, 实现地幔置换过程.分析的苏鲁造山带橄榄岩是早中生代构造侵位改造过的古老岩石圈地幔物质. 相似文献
9.
利用小波多尺度分解方法分离不同深源尺度花岗岩侵入体的重力异常信息, 结合视密度填图方法划分了5 km、15 km及25 km深花岗岩体分布特征, 并综合地震成像和大地电磁测深资料, 对南岭花岗岩侵入体的赋存侵位、诱发热源以及成因模式等问题进行初步探讨.研究结果表明, 以茶陵-郴州断裂为界, 区内重力场和岩体构造呈明显分区, 东南区岩体局部重力异常幅值较小, 地表出露岩体较薄, 岩浆沿着小通道上涌形成岩盖; 西北区岩体局部重力异常幅值较大, 侵位深度较深; 区内大多数岩体侵位深度不超过25 km; 深部地球物理资料还揭示诸广山和猫儿岭地区15~25 km附近存在大规模低密度、低速特征的陆壳重熔区; 诸广山地区上地幔顶部存在低速、低阻熔体特征的软流圈上涌通道, 推测来自软流圈的玄武岩浆底侵造成该区中下地壳岩石部分熔融, 并为其周围大规模成岩成矿提供热源和物质来源. 相似文献
10.
利用小波多尺度分解方法分离不同深源尺度花岗岩侵入体的重力异常信息,结合视密度填图方法划分了5km、15km及25km深花岗岩体分布特征,并综合地震成像和大地电磁测深资料,对南岭花岗岩侵入体的赋存侵位、诱发热源以及成因模式等问题进行初步探讨.研究结果表明,以茶陵-郴州断裂为界,区内重力场和岩体构造呈明显分区,东南区岩体局部重力异常幅值较小,地表出露岩体较薄,岩浆沿着小通道上涌形成岩盖;西北区岩体局部重力异常幅值较大,侵位深度较深;区内大多数岩体侵位深度不超过25km;深部地球物理资料还揭示诸广山和猫儿岭地区15~25km附近存在大规模低密度、低速特征的陆壳重熔区;诸广山地区上地幔顶部存在低速、低阻熔体特征的软流圈上涌通道,推测来自软流圈的玄武岩浆底侵造成该区中下地壳岩石部分熔融,并为其周围大规模成岩成矿提供热源和物质来源. 相似文献
11.
Evidence for protracted prograde metamorphism followed by rapid exhumation of the Zermatt‐Saas Fee ophiolite 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Skora N. J. Mahlen C. M. Johnson L. P. Baumgartner T. J. Lapen B. L. Beard E. T. Szilvagyi 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2015,33(7):711-734
Major and trace‐element zoning in garnet, in combination with Rb–Sr, Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf geochronology, provide evidence for a protracted garnet growth history for the Zermatt‐Saas Fee (ZSF) ophiolite, western Alps. Four new Lu–Hf ages from Pfulwe (c. 52–46 Ma) and one from Chamois (c. 52 Ma) are very similar to a previously published Lu–Hf age from Lago di Cignana. Overall, the similarity of geochronological and garnet zoning patterns suggests that these three localities had a similar prograde tectonic history, commensurate with their similar structural position near the top of the ZSF. Samples from the lower part of the ZSF at Saas Fee and St. Jacques, however, produced much younger Lu–Hf ages (c. 41–38 Ma). Neither differences in whole‐rock geochemistry, which might produce distinct garnet growth histories, nor rare‐earth‐element zoning in garnet, can account for the age differences in the two suites. This suggests a much later prograde history for the lower part of the ZSF, supporting the idea that it was subducted diachronously. Such a model is consistent with changes in subduction vectors based on plate tectonic reconstructions, where early oblique subduction, which produced long prograde garnet growth, changed to more orthogonal subduction, which corresponds to shorter prograde garnet growth. Six new Rb–Sr phengite ages range from c. 42 to 39 Ma and, in combination with previously published Rb–Sr ages, constrain the timing of the transition from eclogite to upper greenschist facies P–T conditions. The proximity of the ZSF in the Saas Fee region to the underlying continental Monte Rosa unit and the similarity of peak‐metamorphic ages suggest these two units were linked for part of their tectonic history. This in turn indicates that the Monte Rosa may have been partly responsible for rapid exhumation of the ZSF unit. 相似文献
12.
《Gondwana Research》2014,25(1):226-234
Here we report on the unexpected occurrence of felsic (granitic) inclusions with quench textures such as spherulite and dendrite (hereafter referred to as “felsite inclusions”), similar to some volcanic rocks, within garnet in presumably “slowly cooled” lower-crustal granulites of various geologic ages ranging from Early Proterozoic to Middle Paleozoic and wide global distribution (the Limpopo Belt, the Grenville Province, the Lützow-Holm Complex of East Antarctica, the Highland Complex of Sri Lanka, and the southern Bohemian Massif). The well-preserved textures of felsite inclusions are indicative of melts formed by anatexis during high-pressure and high-temperature metamorphism, crystallization under far-from-equilibrium conditions (at > 50 °C undercooling) and subsequent rapid cooling. The occurrence of felsite inclusions in granulites in restricted tectonostratigraphic zones in Sri Lanka, among other examples, may be the first geologic evidence for fast exhumation of lower-crustal rocks to andalusite-stable upper-crustal conditions by channel flow in a continental collision orogen. We hypothesize that granulites ascend episodically along discrete high-strain zones and cool as fast as some felsic magmas. This conclusion sheds new light on the debate regarding the deep crustal processes and necessitates changes to fundamental beliefs about exhumation rates based on rates of plate convergence (1–10 cm/year). 相似文献
13.
Olivier Merle 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(3):129-138
AbstractThe exhumation of rocks in a plate convergence setting is commonly related to erosion and/or tectonic denudation accompanied by isostatic adjustment. Isostatic compensation is the physical response to denudation. It leads to unroofing of deep levels of the crust. A new model for producing topographic relief is proposed which explains well the rapid exhumation of high-temperature rocks in the Central Alps via erosion and tectonic denudation (i.e. gravitational collapse and normal faulting). It is shown that the forward motion of the cold and rigid Adriatic indenter into the European crust is twofold. Firstly, horizontal compression led to the vertical extrusion of the deepest ductile European basement into shallower levels. This tectonic process induced heat transfer through the southern steep belt as well as heat advection together with the extruded material, resulting in the metamorphic aureole observed in the Central Alps. Secondly, the lower part of the Adriatic crust protruded into the warm European crust as a result of continuous forward motion. Geophysical data suggest that the isostatic response to indentation (i.e. deepening of the alpine root) has been inhibited by the mechanical strength of the cold and rigid Adriatic crust. Then, the indentation process induced a deviation from isostatic equilibrium by creating a tremendous topographic relief. This relief disappeared rapidly, possibly as fast as it forms, by enhanced erosion and tectonic denudation leading to rapid exhumation of the metamorphic dome. 相似文献
14.
利用透射电子显微镜对中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔超高压石榴橄榄岩中石榴石、橄榄石及透辉石的超微构造特征进行了详细研究。石榴石、橄榄石及透辉石中的大部分区域都没有位错,在局部区域发育高密度位错及位错壁。石榴石局部区域的位错密度达到1．34×109／cm2以上,滑移系以1／2<111>{110}为主。在石榴石中发现一部分熔融条带,条带由熔体和磁铁矿球粒构成,在附近的石榴石基体中有高密度的小位错圈。橄榄石局部区域的位错密度达到2．64×108／cm2以上,并发育杆状钛铁矿和含铬钛磁铁矿出溶体。透辉石局部区域发育有位错壁,在部分位错壁部位形成了微裂隙。透辉石内部存在类“多边化”区域,不同区域之间存在小角度差。分析认为该石榴橄榄岩加入俯冲板片之后,在超高压变质峰期及早期快速折返阶段发生了较强的塑性变形,在石榴石、橄榄石及透辉石中形成了高密度的位错、位错壁及亚颗粒。在折返过程中,该石榴橄榄岩曾经发生了减压部分熔融和静态重结晶,导致石榴石、橄榄石及透辉石中大部分区域的位错消失。石榴石中部分熔融条带得以保存,表明在发生减压部分熔融和静态重结晶之后所经历的折返过程非常迅速,具有很高的抬升速率及降温速率。 相似文献
15.
Metamorphic provinces such as the^1 Ga Grenvillian,~400 Ma Caledonide and Triassic Qinling Provinces often contain rocks with high-pressure assemblages such as eclogites,which formed at mantle depths in subduction zones.These are evidence of the accretion of terranes by subduction of oceans and collision to form large tectonostratigraphic provinces.The Mesoproterozoic Namaqua-Natal Province comprises a number of terranes thought to have been assembled by plate-tectonic processes,but they have generally yielded metamorphic pressures below 5 kbar,corresponding to<20 km,crustal depths,lacking evidence for subduction processes.The Kaaien Terrane in the Namaqua Front contains two large garbenschiefer units with the unusual paragenesis garnet-hornblende-epidote-white mica-plagioclase-ilmenite-quartz.Their protoliths are graywackes influenced by andesitic volcanism during their deposition at^1870 Ma,in a passive margin of the Rehoboth Province or Kaapvaal Craton.Prograde garnet growth dated at 11655 Ma culminated in peak metamorphic conditions of 64530C and 10.40.7 kbar,corresponding to 40 km depth.This is attributed to subduction of these rocks before collision between the overriding arc-related Areachap Terrane,the Kaaien Terrane and the Kaapvaal-Rehoboth cratonic block during the Namaqua orogeny.Exhumation of the garbenschiefer slabs was followed by rapid cooling,as the 11435 Ma argon dates of hornblende and white mica,with closure temperatures^540C and^440C respectively,are the same within error.This was probably due to tectonic juxtaposition of the garbenschiefer slab with much cooler rock units.The exhumation was accommodated along the Trooilapspan-Brakbosch Shear Zone due to ongoing transpression.Other components of the Namaqua Front have distinctly different P-T-t paths,exemplified by greenschist metamorphism in the 1300 Ma Wilgenhoutsdrift Group,and medium-pressure metamorphism in the Areachap Terrane.They were juxtaposed by late-tectonic uplift and transpressional movements.The^40 km depth of garbenschiefer peak metamorphism is the deepest yet found in the Namaqua-Natal Province and strengthens the plate tectonic model of accretion by collision of terranes at the end of a Wilson cycle.The high pressure paragenesis of the garbenschiefer was preserved due to its location in the Namaqua Front,whereas most other parts of the Namaqua-Natal Province were overprinted by 1100–1020 Ma thermal events after the collision events. 相似文献
16.
Thermal modelling of new fission‐track and (U–Th–Sm)/He data from the Fuegian Andes reveals rapid cooling (～12–48 °C Ma?1) during the middle and late Eocene followed by slow cooling ( ～ 1.5 °C Ma?1) to the Recent. We interpret the rapid cooling as a result of exhumation from contractional uplift within the crystalline interior of the orogen. This interpretation is consistent with independent evidence of Eocene shortening, flexural subsidence and provenance changes in the study area, and is approximately coeval with marine geochemical evidence of the onset of Drake Passage opening. In light of the Palaeogene history of Nazca‐South American plate convergence and the differences in shortening magnitudes and exhumation histories between the Fuegian and Patagonian Andes, our data support Eocene development of the Patagonian orocline, which also provides a plausible explanation for early opening of Drake Passage. 相似文献
17.
伊朗扎格罗斯造山带是世界上最年轻的造山带之一，前人对其构造演化历史的研究尚存争议。前陆盆地蕴藏着丰富的造山带热史信息，为研究造山带的隆升和剥露历史提供了重要途径。本研究选取位于扎格罗斯前陆盆地前缘中部的Kuh- E Bedush向斜和Kuh- E Murdeh向斜翼部出露的第三纪陆相红层(Agha Jari组)为研究对象，共采集11个粗砂岩样品进行磷灰石(U- Th)/He测试分析。11个样品共得到38个单颗粒年龄，年龄区间为0. 8~79. 9Ma。大部分样品的单颗粒年龄比较分散，表明这些样品没有发生完全热重置。相反，位于Murdeh向斜剖面最底部的样品，(U- Th)/He年龄小于其对应的地层年龄，并且集中分布在8. 3~6. 8Ma，表明该样品发生了完全重置并记录了最后一次剥露事件的时间。因此，我们认为扎格罗斯前陆盆地于晚中新世~7. 5 Ma经历了一期快速剥露事件。此外，我们发现未重置的(U- Th)/He年龄大致分布在四个时间段：晚白垩纪—早古新世、早—中始新世、渐新世、早—中中新世。根据所得热年龄并结合前人研究设定了三种不同的热史，正演模拟结果与实际样品拟合较好，由此推断出前陆中部Agha Jari陆相红层沉积物可能来自于：①晚白垩世以来以蛇绿岩套为主的仰冲体持续剥露；②萨南达季- 锡尔詹变质带(SSZ)渐新世和中新世逐渐加速的剥露；③渐新世末堆积在仰冲体之上的同造山期砾岩，在中新世的大规模逆冲作用下重新剥露。 相似文献
18.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
19.
20.
An exhumation model of the south Peloponnesus, Greece 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
T. Doutsos I. Koukouvelas G. Poulimenos S. Kokkalas P. Xypolias K. Skourlis 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,89(2):350-365
An exhumation model comprising forward and backward thrusting and late orogenic collapse is proposed in order to explain
the kinematics of the tectonic windows in the south Peloponnesus. The model is based on mapping, mesoscopic structural data
and strain analysis. Syn-compressional thickening took place throughout the Oligocene and Early Miocene which includes the
subduction of the Pindos Ocean at the western margin of the Pelagonian microcontinent and the intracontinental subduction
of the Phyllite–Quartzite and the Plattenkalk series. The latter subduction was associated with blueschist metamorphism, westward-directed
ductile thrusting, and folding. The exhumation history of the deeper parts of the orogen began at the Oligocene–Miocene boundary
with the progressive entrance of the low-density crust and the Plattenkalk carbonates in the subduction zone. Increased buoyancy
caused: (a) the initiation of the Phyllite–Quartzite series extrusion; (b) vertical coaxial stretching; and (c) the evolution
of two pop-up structures, i.e. the Parnon and Taygetos anticlines. This syn-compressional exhumation was taking place in the
lower Miocene with decreasing rates from 7 to 1.5 mm/year. The change in the local stress field from compression to extension
began in the middle Miocene with the formation of hinterland-dipping normal faults. The exhumation/denudation rate caused
by the footwall uplift along these faults does not exceed 0.2 mm/year.
Received: 16 April 1999 / Accepted: 19 January 2000 相似文献