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超压盆地中泥岩的流体压裂与幕式排烃作用 总被引：37，自引：5，他引：32
流体压裂是在异常高流体压力体系的低渗泥岩中流体活动的主要输导通道。流体压裂不仅导致低渗泥岩的幕式压实作用,而且为油气运移,储集的研究提供了新的理论模式。超压盆地泥岩的压实演化可划分为两个阶段,即连续压实和幕式压实阶段,其中幕式压实阶段又可根据导致流体压裂的主控因素进一步划分为两个亚阶段,即水力压裂和生烃压裂,前者主要由于泥岩欠压实和新生流体源的增压所致,后者则主要由于泥岩中有机质生烃及烃类裂解后增 相似文献
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潞安矿区井下地应力测量及分布规律研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
在山西潞安矿区的13个煤矿采用小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置,完成了60个测点的原岩应力测量工作。实测数据表明：潞安矿区55%的测点最大水平主应力大于垂直主应力,由于受埋藏深度与地质构造影响,矿区内各矿地应力值差别较大,但地应力大小总体上属于中等地应力值;潞安矿区最大水平主应力方向从南到北变化较大,构造应力场呈现出多变的形态。在实测数据的基础上,绘制了潞安矿区地应力分布图;分析了地应力随埋藏深度的变化规律、平均水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值与埋藏深度的关系。煤矿井下地应力测量为井田开拓、巷道布置与支护设计等工程实践提供了可靠的基础参数,提高了工程设计的科学性、合理性与可靠性。 相似文献
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水压致裂法地应力测量若干问题的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在深层地应力测量中,水压致裂法是最有效的测量方法。本探讨了该方法的几个关键性问题,例如压裂特征参数的取值,三维地应力测量,压裂缝的方向,破裂准则和钻孔轴向秒是主应力的一个方向等问题。 相似文献
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本文介绍了作者运用地质力学方法、原理并借鉴国际研究动态,涉足侵入接触构造研究获取的部分成果。基本要点包括:(1)侵入接触构造自成系统;(2)可分3种基本型式;(3)是岩体侵位动力和区域构造应力双重作用的结果;(4)控矿构造的多期活动与水压破裂相关;(5)一般所谓外接触带构造,实质为热动力变质构造. 相似文献
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Theoretical studies of glacial outburst floods (jökulhlaups) assume that: (i) intraglacial floodwater is transported efficiently in isolated conduits; (ii) intraglacial conduit enlargement operates proportionally to increasing discharge; (iii) floodwater exits glaciers through pre‐existing ice‐marginal outlets; and (iv) the morphology and positioning of outlets remains fixed during flooding. Direct field observations, together with historical jökulhlaup accounts, confirm that these theoretical assumptions are not always correct. This paper presents new evidence for spatial and temporal changes in intraglacial floodwater routing during jökulhlaups; secondly, it identifies and explains the mechanisms controlling the position and morphology of supraglacial jökulhlaup outlets; and finally, it presents a conceptual model of the controls on supraglacial outbursts. Field observations are presented from two Icelandic glaciers, Skeiðarárjökull and Sólheimajökull. Video footage and aerial photographs, taken before, during and after the Skeiðarárjökull jökulhlaup and immediately after the Sólheimajökull jökulhlaup, reveal changes in floodwater routing and the positioning and morphology of outlets. Field observations confirm that glaciers cannot transmit floodwater as efficiently as previously assumed. Rapid increases in jökulhlaup discharge generate basal hydraulic pressures in excess of ice overburden. Under these circumstances, floodwater can be forced through the surface of glaciers, leading to the development of a range of supraglacial outlets. The rate of increase in hydraulic pressure strongly influences the type of supraglacial outlet that can develop. Steady increases in basal hydraulic pressure can retro‐feed pre‐existing englacial drainage, whereas transient increases in pressure can generate hydraulic fracturing. The position and morphology of supraglacial outlets provide important controls on the spatial and temporal impact of flooding. The development of supraglacial jökulhlaup outlets provides a new mechanism for rapid englacial debris entrainment. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Magnus Wangen 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,130(3):757-764
The fluid-pressure build-up due to porosity reduction in sedimentary basins during burial is studied. The model assumes that the void ratio decreases exponentially with depth, and that the permeability is proportional to the void ratio to an arbitrary exponent. Simple analytical solutions are obtained for the Darcy velocity and the fluid excess pressure. The pressure build-up during burial is studied with these solutions, and it is found to be inversely proportional to the gravity number. The importance of the permeability exponents on the fluid pressure is also studied. Gravity numbers much less than 1 are shown to yield high excess pressures during burial. A reasonable approximation for the maximum Darcy velocity is found to be the product of the surface void ratio and the burial rate. Hydrofracturing is discussed in relation to the pressure build-up, and cases characterized by gravity numbers much less than 1 are found to yield hydrofracturing over large depth ranges. It is suggested that the average permeability of hydrofractured sediments during burial corresponds to a gravity number equal to 1. 相似文献
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Fangquan Li 《地震学报(英文版)》1992,5(4):709-717
In China, a lot of data derived from focal mechanism solutions, and especially, from overcoring and hydrofracturing stress
measurements, as well as borehole breakouts carried out for various aims have contributed to understanding of the state of
the crustal stress. We conducted everin situ stress measurements in a borehole with different methods, for the sake of comparison of various measuring techniques. Furthermore,
we carried out measurements in different borehole with one or two kinds of techniques. All the observations taken out in these
ways showed little variations. So we believe that the data obtained by the techniques can be used to study the tectonic stress
field of certain region and thein situ state of the crustal stress.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 149–155, 1992. 相似文献
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ZENG Qiaosong WANG Jincao CHEN Guanghao 《大地构造与成矿学(英文版)》2005,29(2):93-106
1 Introduction Hydrofracturing is possibly an important fracture behavior within the whole lithospheric crust, many geologists have noticed and carried out study on hydrofracturing in the fluid-rock systems (e.g., Phillips, 1972; Sibson, 1986; Fyfe, 1987; Svyatoslav and Kirill, 1993; Cox, 1995; Nakashima and Toriumi, 1996; James et al., 2000; Agust et al., 2002). Hydrofracturing phenomena are universally existent in the active structural belts, nonlinear tension vein systems in metamorphi… 相似文献
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东天山博格达裂谷发现大规模层间水力断裂系统 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
层间水力断裂是沉积盆地深处与大规模流体活动有关的断层,目前的地球物理方法及深源钻探取样已经证实活动水力断裂广布于中、新生代沉积盆地中。已褶皱成山的晚古生代裂谷盆地中发育的大规模层间水压碎屑岩是过去沉积盆地发育过程中大规模流体相带及其水力压裂作用的地质遗迹。研究了水压碎屑岩的地质特征、形成地质条件及构造—流体动力作用成岩模式。认为研究水力断裂对认识上地壳层圈拆离、推覆构造、流体输导、多位成矿、油气运移、慢震活动及常规地震发生等问题有极重要的地质意义。 相似文献