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Bolivia is a country with high levels of poverty and inequality among its peoples and regions. For the nation and its urban
and rural areas, trends in the social and spatial distribution of poverty (and extreme poverty) are identified from 1976 to
2003 using UBN data with minor support where appropriate from poverty lines. The main survey between 1992 and 2001 uses composite
and selected UBN to track detailed poverty change for the country’s nine departments, its ten largest cities and a selection
of other smaller urban and rural municipalities. Because of rising background increases in population in the various surveyed
administrative units, many instances of relative reductions in poverty are accompanied by rising absolute increases. Marked
spatial variations in poverty and development in the country over the last several decades are identified as the main driver
for the country’s quickening pace of rural–urban migration. As a result, the paper concludes by assessing two different but
closely related views. One investigation tests the notion that because more poor people have been living in Bolivia’s cities
than in its rural areas since the mid to late 1990s, rapid rural–urban migration has simply shifted the locus of poverty from
the countryside to the cities in a process called, the ‘urbanisation of poverty.’ A second, more challenging, investigation
assesses the view that the flow of poor rural people to the better serviced urban areas of Bolivia has actually acted to alleviate
national poverty levels. 相似文献
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加入世界贸易组织以后我国测绘人才工作面临的挑战是严峻的。形势要求我们必须更加重视人才队伍建设 ,抓紧培养和造就一批更能适应今后测绘事业发展需要的测绘人才队伍 相似文献
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文章根据近几年内蒙古气象服务中心在公共气象服务领域所取得的成绩,认真探究社会需求对公共气象服务工作所产生的引领作用,同时摆出现阶段发展中所存在的问题,提出只有坚持公共气象服务发展方向,不断培育气象服务新的增长点,才能提高气象事业的核心竞争力,推动内蒙古公共气象服务事业更快更好地发展。 相似文献
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The discovery of and access to capacity building resources are often essential to conduct environmental projects based on Earth Observation (EO) resources, whether they are Earth Observation products, methodological tools, techniques, organizations that impart training in these techniques or even projects that have shown practical achievements. Recognizing this opportunity and need, the European Commission through two FP7 projects jointly with the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) teamed up with the Committee on Earth observation Satellites (CEOS). The Global Earth Observation CApacity Building (GEOCAB) portal aims at compiling all current capacity building efforts on the use of EO data for societal benefits into an easily updateable and user-friendly portal. GEOCAB offers a faceted search to improve user discovery experience with a fully interactive world map with all inventoried projects and activities. This paper focuses on the conceptual framework used to implement the underlying platform. An ISO19115 metadata model associated with a terminological repository are the core elements that provide a semantic search application and an interoperable discovery service. The organization and the contribution of different user communities to ensure the management and the update of the content of GEOCAB are addressed. 相似文献
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为真实了解天津市公众地震科普认知与需求情况,以天津市机关单位工作人员、企业员工、事业单位工作人员、大学生、中小学生、社区居民、农民、驻津部队、残障人士等特殊人群为研究对象,开展专项问卷调查与分析。调查结果显示,天津市公众地震科学知识与地震科普工作的认知度与需求度较高,但仍存在地震科学知识掌握不全面、地震科普产品吸引力不足、科普渠道相对单一等问题,地震科普工作在参与性、互动性与趣味性等方面仍有较大提升空间。基于此,提出提高地震科普工作针对性和有效性及地震科普服务个性化和精准化等建议。 相似文献
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国家自主贡献文件是《巴黎协定》后发展中国家气候资金需求信息的重要载体。发展中国家的气候资金需求日益增长,而发达国家提供的气候资金存在的不平衡与不充分等问题,已成为当前气候资金议题的主要矛盾。因此,本文依据最新的151份发展中国家的国家自主贡献文件,深入分析发展中国家自主提出的未来气候资金需求,并评估了各国自主贡献资金需求的合理性。研究发现,151个发展中国家中有84个国家提出具体的国家自主贡献资金需求,其国家自主贡献时间框架内的资金需求总值达4.4万亿美元;分析48个同时提出减缓与适应资金需求以及21个同时提出国内与国外资金需求国家的国家自主贡献文件得到,发展中国家资金需求类别中用于减缓与适应的资金需求比例约为6?4,国外资金需求与国内资金需求比值约为7?3;基于国家自主贡献文件估算的发展中国家累积减排量到2030年约119 Gt CO2-eq,自主贡献减排成本平均值为50美元/ t CO2-eq;发展中国家2015—2030年国家自主贡献资金需求预期为1万亿~4万亿美元,年均700亿~2600亿美元,其中国际资金需求为0.7万亿~2.8万亿美元,年均500亿~1900亿美元。 相似文献
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新时代国别地理研究的若干思考 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
国别地理研究是了解世界和研究世界的重要学术工具，我国目前所处的发展阶段正前所未有地对国别地理研究产生了重大需求。本文回顾和分析了中国国别地理研究的历史与现状；阐明了时代进步、国家战略与学科发展对国别地理研究的迫切需要；提出了新时代中国国别地理研究的主要方向，包括以地理要素为核心主题的国别地理研究、以地理科学问题为导向的国别地理研究、以服务国家需求为目标的国别地理研究、全球化视野下的国别地理研究和中外地理对比研究；指出了未来中国国别地理研究应突出“四化”，即细化国别地理研究对象，深化国别地理研究问题，强化国别地理研究工作，转化国别地理研究成果。期待本文能为激发地理学国别地理研究的热情、推动我国国别地理研究提供有益启示。 相似文献
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Small island developing states (or SIDS) are exposed to a large number of natural hazards and many characteristics of small
island developing states make them particularly vulnerable to the impacts of natural hazards. In spite of this acknowledged vulnerability, there are relatively few studies which focus
on the impacts of natural hazards in these countries. This paper presents a review of our current state of knowledge of impacts
in small island developing states and highlights a number of research needs. Central to these is the need to integrate natural
hazards research within a sustainable development context and the need to exploit existing procedures such as government coordinated
disaster impact assessments to generate a detailed understanding of natural hazards impacts. 相似文献