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Stratigraphic grade is the similarity of the morphology of successive slope-to-basin profiles in a genetically related depositional system. In this article we use data collected from regional cross-sections of six depositional systems, stratal architecture derived from outcrops of the Lewis Shale (Wyoming, USA), and the Ross Sandstone (Ireland), and supplementary outcrop and subsurface data from other depositional systems to determine how stratigraphic grade relates to stratal (reservoir) architecture in deepwater systems.Four methods are developed that collectively define stratigraphic grade: (1) regional stacking patterns of fourth-order stratigraphic surfaces, (2) the relationship between the trajectory of the shelf edge (Tse) and the trajectory of the depocenter (Td) for fourth-order stratigraphic units, (3) morphology of the slope-to-basin profiles of fourth-order stratigraphic surfaces, and (4) the similarity of the morphologies of slope-to-basin profiles of fourth-order surfaces in a system (σs, σr). Several characteristics of stratigraphic (reservoir) architecture of fourth-order stratigraphic cycles are related to stratigraphic grade: (1) longitudinal distribution of sandstone in fourth-order cycles, (2) location of maximum sandstone relative to the depocenter of fourth-order cycles, (3) lengths of fourth-order submarine fans, and (4) longitudinal and vertical distribution of architectural elements. Stratigraphic grade is thus a predictor of reservoir architecture and can thereby be used to reduce the uncertainty in the interpretation of subsurface data.The concept of stratigraphic grade is useful in understanding the stratigraphic evolution of deepwater systems. Most deepwater systems analyzed in this study initiated as out-of-grade and temporally evolved to graded systems over a time span of millions of years. Systems rarely evolve from graded to out-of-grade. First-order controls on stratigraphic grade are determined to be angle of slope, tectonically forced changes in angle of slope during deposition, and sediment supply. 相似文献
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数学形态学用具有一定形态的结构元素去度量和提取图像中的对应形态以达到对图像分析和识别的目的。其中细化是处理线状二值图像的一种重要技术,它可以把二值图像区域缩成线条,以逼近区域的中心线,极大地减少图像中的冗余信息量,以便进一步分析和识别。本文研究了通过击中变换实现的骨架线提取算法,并将其应用于城市居民地的街网数据提取,取得了较好的实验效果。 相似文献
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Regeneration of sand waves after dredging 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Sand waves are large bed waves on the seabed, being a few metres high and lying hundreds of metres apart. In some cases, these sand waves occur in navigation channels. If these sand waves reduce the water depth to an unacceptable level and hinder navigation, they need to be dredged. It has been observed in the Bisanseto Channel in Japan that the sand waves tend to regain their shape after dredging. In this paper, we address modelling of this regeneration of sand waves, aiming to predict this process. For this purpose, we combine a very simple, yet effective, amplitude-evolution model based on the Landau equation, with measurements in the Bisanseto Channel. The model parameters are tuned to the measured data using a genetic algorithm, a stochastic optimization routine. The results are good. The tuned model accurately reproduces the measured growth of the sand waves. The differences between the measured weave heights and the model results are smaller than the measurement noise. Furthermore, the resulting parameters are surprisingly consistent, given the large variations in the sediment characteristics, the water depth and the flow field. This approach was tested on its predictive capacity using a synthetic test case. The model was tuned based on constructed predredging data and the amplitude evolution as measured for over 2 years. After tuning, the predictions were accurate for about 10 years. Thus, it is shown that the approach could be a useful tool in the optimization of dredging strategies in case of dredging of sand waves. 相似文献
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赤潮叉角藻18SrDNA和ITS区序列测定与分析 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
采用PCR及克隆测序的方法，对1998年引发渤海赤潮的叉角藻18SrRNAadldey DNAITS区（Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions)进行了序列测定与分析。并通过因特网从国际分子生物学数据库中获取甲藻另外15个种的18rDNA序列，以Tetrahymena corlissi作为类群，分别采用Neighbor-Joining和Fitch方法构建甲藻较为一致和可靠的进化树图，探讨具有高度多样性和在分类上争议较多的甲藻各类群之间的形态与分子进化关系。结果表明，Prorocentrum(有2个简单的壳板）出现得较早，而大多数多甲藻目（覆盖着多个壳板）、裸甲藻目（大多数不具壳板）和膝沟藻目的成员较晚出现。另外，对叉角藻ITS区的分析表明，ITS区为高变区，是良好的分子标记，可用于叉角藻快速鉴定的专一性核酸分子探针的研制。 相似文献
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三种海洋硅藻胞外多聚物形态、微细结构及组成的初步研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
利用光镜和扫描电镜对厦门近海三种常见附着硅藻——爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种(Achnanthes javanica var．subconstricta)、咖啡形双眉藻(Amphora coffeaeformis)和多枝舟形藻(Nav-icula ramosissima)胞外多聚物(Extracellular polymeric substances，EPSs)的形态和微细结构进行了研究，并初步分析了其化学组成。结果表明，A．javanica var．subconstricta的胞外多聚物为透明的长柄，分为领、柄及垫状物三部分，电镜显示其徽细结构为由许多纤维组成的双层实心管；Amphora coffeaeformis分泌的EPS为由串连的小节组成的实心管状结构，许多管交织成厚的胶质块；Navicula ramosissima的EPSs则为透明的薄膜并形成胶质膜。三种硅藻胞外多聚物的水溶性和水不溶性的主要成分均为多糖类，达总量的70％以上，蛋白质含量次之．不含脂类物质，但不同藻类EPS的组成差异较大。此外，还探讨了EPSs的功能及其分泌机理。 相似文献
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