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Prawn postlarvae fishing in coastal Bangladesh: Challenges for sustainable livelihoods 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fishing for prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) postlarvae is a major contributor to the livelihoods of the coastal poor in Bangladesh, including women. A study of coastal livelihoods along the lower Pasur River in southwest Bangladesh indicates that on average 40% of total annual income comes from postlarvae fishing during the few months involved. However, indiscriminate fishing of wild postlarvae, with high levels of by-catch, has an impact on biodiversity in coastal ecosystems. This has provoked imposition of restrictions on postlarvae collection. The ban has, however, not been firmly enforced because of the lack of alternative livelihoods for coastal poor. A conceptual framework, drawn from an approach to poverty reduction known as the sustainable livelihoods approach, is applied to understanding the role of prawn postlarvae fishing. Evidence from this study suggests that postlarvae fishers faced a number of livelihood constraints, including poor livelihood assets. This paper concludes that wider livelihood options need to be found for postlarvae fishers to support their livelihoods. 相似文献
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刀额新对虾幼体的培育及特点 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在水温26～28℃,pH8.1～8.3,海水盐度27.6～29.7的条件下,刀额新对虾幼体从无节幼体第一期(N_1)培育至仔虾幼体第一期(P_1),历时10d,成活率81.9%;至仔虾幼体第8～10天(P_(8～10)),成活率为80%。刀额新对虾幼体发育具有许多不同于其他对虾类幼体的发育特点,其糠虾期身体仅稍倾斜而不呈倒悬状态,极少摄食丰年虫无节幼体,直至P_(3～4)摄食丰年虫幼体现象才较多见。 相似文献
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Marine organisms with a pelagic stage are often assumed to display minor population structure given their extended larval development and subsequent high long‐distance dispersal ability. Nonetheless, considerable population structure might still occur in species with high dispersal ability due to current oceanographic and/or historical processes. Specifically, for the wider Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, theoretical and empirical considerations suggest that populations inhabiting each of the following areas should be genetically distinct: Panama, Belize, Southwest Florida (Tampa), and Southeast Florida (Fort Pierce). This study tests the hypothesis of significant genetic differentiation in Palaemon floridanus populations across the wider Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Population level comparisons were conducted using sequences of the mtDNA COI. In agreement with predictions, AMOVA and pairwise FST values demonstrated population differentiation among most pairs of the studied populations. Only Panama and East Florida populations were genetically similar. An isolation‐with‐migration population divergence model (implemented in IMA2) indicated that population divergence with incomplete lineage sorting can be invoked as the single mechanism explaining genetic dissimilarity between populations from the east and west coast of Florida. Historical demographic analyses indicated demographic expansion of P. floridanus in some localities [recent in Panama and ancient in East Florida and the wider Caribbean (entire dataset)] but constant population in other localities (in Belize and West Florida). This study rejects the idea of panmixia in marine species with high long‐distance dispersal ability. Contemporary and historical processes might interact in a complex manner to determine current phylogeographic patterns. 相似文献
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关于对虾池混养中的几个问题 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在两年围隔实验的基础上讨论了对虾池混养中存在的几个问题,认为：（1）虾池混养能够提高养殖产量和池塘氮磷的利用率,有助于缓解养殖对环境的污染,但由于养殖种类在池塘氮磷收支所占的比例很小,仅靠混养还不能彻底解决养殖污染问题;（2）罗非鱼与海产贝类的食物灶存在一定的分化。二者对虾池水质的影响具有互补性,因此虾鱼贝混养较虾鱼混养或虾贝混养效果更好。（3）对多个池塘组成的养殖系统的总体优化应是今后虾池生态系统结构优化研究的重要内容。 相似文献
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在对虾配合饵料中以1‰～2．5‰的比例添加“对虾克毒王”药物，在整个养成期投喂含“对虾克毒王”的药饵，从1994年10月至1995年10月，在福建漳浦、广东深圳、山东莱州、文登对虾养殖病害防治示范区和示范区外的大连庄河市、天津汉沽区、山东日照市等养虾点进行大面积药物防治对虾暴发性流行病试验，收效显著，能完全控制暴发性流行病的发生，可使养殖期延长1～2个月，并可促进对虾生长。 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONAprawnbaculovirushasbeenresponsibleformostoftheseriousshrimpdiseaseinChinasince1992.Studiesonthepathology,Pathogenesisandmorphologyofthevirusshowedthatitwasanon-occlUSiontheybaculoviruswhichcouldinfectPenaeusjaponicus,P.nzonham,P.chinests... 相似文献
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中国对虾肌动球蛋白变性后ATPase活性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在中国对虾肌动球蛋白（Ａｏｔｏｍｙｏｓｉｎ）经冷冻变性和热变性后，对Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性及蛋白质溶解度进行了研究。冷冻变性之后，肌动球蛋白Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性呈逐渐下降趋势，一般贮藏温度越低，活性降低越快。热变性之后，肌动球蛋白Ｃａ２＋或Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性都随温度升高而下降，但肌动球蛋白Ｃａ２＋或Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性在３５℃有一急剧下降的拐点，并分别在４５℃、４０℃附近低到０。由于蛋白质的变性，其溶解度也降低 相似文献
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Minicistron from a gene of prawn white spot bacilliform virus (WSBV) and its expression 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
By the sequencing and analysis of genomic DNA and cDNA of WSBV, it was found that these existed a minicistnni in the leading sequence of p204 gene.The minicistron utilized rare oodons of genes from prawn and WSBV.The p204 gene could be expressed in Escherichia coli whether a miniciston exited in its leading sequence or not, but the amounts of the expressed products of them were different.The minicistron might be related to the expression of p204 gene. 相似文献