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合浦珠母贝二倍体、三倍体和非整倍体群体的基因杂合度与生长比较 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用淀粉凝胶电泳方法对合浦珠母贝Pinctadamartensi(D.)雌性三倍体与雄性二倍体交配,细胞松弛素B抑制其受精卵第一极体释放产生的二倍体、三倍体及非整倍体3个群体进行了同工酶研究。二倍体、三倍体及非整倍体群体在6个多态位点的平均基因杂合度分别为0.255±0.087,0.286±0.097,0.275±0.089,三倍体的杂合度高出二倍体约12%,表明多倍体诱导能增加诱导群体的杂合度。但在单个位点上,三倍体的杂合度不一定高于二倍体;在各自群体内,平均杂合位点数与生长间无明显的相关性,单个位点上的杂合子也未完全表现出其生长大于纯合子,且差异不明显(p>0.05)。因此,合浦珠母贝三倍体的快速生长难以完全用杂合度增高假说解释,只能说明诱导处理能使三倍体的杂合度增高,而能量再分配和"巨型性"可能对其快速生长起着不可忽视的作用。非整倍体群体的杂合度高于二倍体群体,但其生长却小于二倍体,其原因可能是染色体的增减对机体的生长有一定的影响。 相似文献
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Genetic diversity is crucial for plants to respond to global climate change, and exploring relationships between genetic diversity and climatic factors may help predict how global climate change will shape the genetic diversity of plants in the future. So far, however, the extent and magnitude of the impact of climatic factors on the genetic diversity of plants has not been clarified. We collected data from 68 published papers on two widely used measures of genetic diversity of populations (average expected heterozygosity (He) and average observed heterozygosity (Ho)) and on localities of populations of 79 vascular plants, and extracted data on 19 climatic factors from WorldClim. We then explored the relationships between measures of genetic diversity and climatic factors using linear regressions. He of plant populations was significantly correlated with climatic factors in 58.7% (44) of the 75 species that used He as a measure of genetic diversity, and Ho was correlated with climatic factors in 65.1% (41) of the 63 species that used this genetic diversity measure. In general, Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, Precipitation Seasonality, Precipitation of Driest Quarter and Temperature Seasonality played a vital role in shaping He, and Ho was mostly correlated with Precipitation of Warmest Quarter, Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, Precipitation of Driest Quarter and Precipitation of Driest Month. Also, the proportion of the significant correlations between genetic diversity of populations and climatic factors was higher for woody than for herbaceous species, and different climatic factors played different roles in shaping genetic diversity of these two growth forms. Our results suggest that climate may play an important role in shaping genetic diversity of plant populations, that climatic change in the future may alter genetic diversity of plants, and that genetic diversity of different plant forms may respond to climatic change differently. 相似文献
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实验运用淀粉凝胶电泳的方法检测了１龄养殖太平洋牡蛎Ｃｒａｓｏｓｔｒｅａｇｉｇａｓ５个基因座位上的基因型和杂合度。根据孟德尔自由分离规律,从子代的基因型推断出亲代可能的基因。杂合度的分析表明,人工培育的１龄太平洋牡蛎在Ａａｔ２、Ａｈ１、Ａｈ２、Ｉｄｈ１和Ｌａｐ５个多态位点上的杂合度符合Ｈ－Ｗ平衡规律,未发现明显的杂合子缺失现象。 相似文献
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Previous genetic studies on perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in northern and southern regions of Europe have shown low heterozygosity. No such investigation has been conducted in the central part of Europe. The genetic variability ofP. fluviatilis in four Swiss lakes (Lake Constance, Lake Zürich, Lake Geneva and Lake Maggiore) was investigated. These four lakes belong to three different drainage systems (Rhine, Rhone and Po) without connections. A total of 136 fish were analysed electrophoretically. Only one locus (SOD
*) was highly polymorphic in Lake Constance among the 27 loci studied. The expected heterozygosities for each population and for the total population were higher than in the previous studies but low (H
S= 0.38–2.7%;H
T=1.22%) and Nei's genetic distances were small (0.000–0.003). However, the jack-knifed mean of the Wright'sF
STwas calculated as 0.142, which indicates modest genetic differentiation among the perch populations in Switzerland, due to the differentiated population in Lake Constance. 相似文献
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Abstract. Oysters Ostrea chilensis P hilippi 1845. from a 40-month-old cohort which came from the natural population of the Quempillen River Estuary Southern Chile, were used as parental stock n = 600 for a hatchery-produced cohort. At 12 months of age this cohort was analysed physiologically filtration rate, organic ingestion rate, absorption rate, assimilation efficiency, excretion rate, respiration rate and electrophoretically multilocus heterozygosity MLH using four loci: LAP, GPI, PGM, CA. Most physiological variables were positively correlated with dry weight P < 0.05. with the exception of assimilation efficiency, excretion size and net growth efficiency P > 0.05. Also. there was a positive correlation between body size, ingestion rate, absorption rate and net growth efficiency with MLH. Respiration rate and consequently energy losses were negatively correlated with MLH. The energetic efficiency product of a lower metabolic cost in the heterozygous individuals in this cohort is reflected in a higher net growth efficiency and a positive correlation between growth and MLH. The genetic basis for the relationship between metabolic parameters and heterozygosity can be due to an overdominance in this 12-month-old cohort. 相似文献
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不同筏式养殖区海湾扇贝的呼吸代谢 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于1997年和1998年8－11月，对大连市大李家湾低排筏、高排筏、凌水桥和棋盘磨4个不同环境条件下筏式养殖海湾扇贝的呼吸率、饵料和环境因子进行了现场研究。结果表明，海湾扇贝呼吸率在8月最高，9月次之，10月基本最低，11月略有升高的趋势；大李家湾低排筏群体呼吸率最高，高排筏次之，棋盘磨较低，凌水桥最低。海湾扇贝耗氧量与其体重呈正相关；呼吸率与遗传多态位点杂合度（MLH）呈负相关；与饵料质量有明显的相关性，与环境因子有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对广西北海、福建漳港和江苏启东3个西施舌(Coelomactra antiquata (Spengler))自然群体杂合性进行了研究.共检测分析了7个酶,获得12个位点,25个等位基因.其中4个位点是多态的,分别是Sod-1、Mdh-1、Est-1、Est-3,这些位点分别有1～7个等位基因.结果表明,福建漳港群体的Sod-1和Est-1位点、广西北海群体的勋Sod-1位点符合Hardy-weinberg平衡(P>0.05);江苏启东群体的多态位点中所有位点、福建漳港群体的Mdh-1、Est-3位点,广西北海群体的Mdh-1、Est-1、Est-3位点均非常显著偏离Hardy-weinberg平衡(P<0.01).另外,除了江苏启东和福建漳港群体的Est-1位点表现出杂合子缺失(F>0)外,各群体中每个位点均表现出杂合子过量(F<0).结合各群体中每个多态位点的观察杂合度和期望杂合度,认为中国东南沿海西施舌的种质资源状况良好. 相似文献
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