基于相邻虚拟道叠加的超虚折射干涉法及其在广角OBS折射波增强中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

宋龙龙  邹志辉  黄忠来 《地球物理学报》2019,62(3):993-1006

广角地震的远偏移距折射初至含有地下深层的信息,提高远偏移距折射波信噪比能够有效提高初至拾取精度,对于深部结构的层析速度建模十分有利.超虚折射干涉法基于干涉原理对远道折射波进行增强,它在炮点和检波点都非常密集的情况下效果较好.然而,在应用于台站间距较大且环境噪声较强的广角海底地震仪(OBS)观测时,该方法对折射波的增强能力不足,而且容易产生虚假波形,造成增强后的折射波信噪比仍然较低.针对这种情况,本文提出基于相邻虚拟道叠加的超虚折射干涉法,通过叠加相邻虚拟道来提高远道与近道互相关的准确度,以达到稳定增强远道折射波信噪比的目的.理论实验和实际资料测试均显示,基于相邻虚拟道叠加的超虚折射干涉法在台站间距较大和信噪比较低的情况下能够准确构建虚拟道,且增强后的波形同相轴连续程度和信噪比均较高,有利于拾取高精度的折射初至到时.本文方法也可用于增强陆上炮间距较大的广角地震数据折射波.  相似文献   

An interpretation of wave refraction and its influence on foreshore sediment distribution     

Joevivek Vincent Jayaraj  Chandrasekar Nainarpandian  Jayangondaperumal Ramakrishnan  Thakur Vikram Chandr  Shree Purniema Krishnan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(5):151-160

To analyze the grain size and depositional environment of the foreshore sediments, a study was undertaken on wave refraction along the wide sandy beaches of central Tamil Nadu coast. The nearshore waves approach the coast at 45° during the northeast(NE) monsoon, at 135° during the southwest(SW) monsoon and at 90° during the non-monsoon or fair-weather period with a predominant wave period of 8 and 10 s. A computer based wave refraction pattern is constructed to evaluate the trajectories of shoreward propagating waves along the coast in different seasons. The convergent wave rays during NE monsoon, leads to high energy wave condition which conveys a continuous erosion at foreshore region while divergent and inept condition of rays during the SW and non-monsoon, leads to moderate and less energy waves that clearly demarcates the rebuilt beach sediments through littoral sediment transport. The role of wave refraction in foreshore deposits was understood by grain size and depositional environment analysis. The presence of fine grains with the mixed population, during the NE monsoon reveals that the high energy wave condition and sediments were derived from beach and river environment. Conversely, the presence of medium grains with uniform population, during SW and non-monsoon attested less turbulence and sediments were derived from prolong propagation of onshore-offshore wave process.These upshots are apparently correlated with the in situ beach condition. On the whole, from this study it is understood that beaches underwent erosion during the NE monsoon and restored its original condition during the SW and non-monsoon seasons that exposed the stability of the beach and nearshore condition.  相似文献   

浙江省台州-昌化深部构造特征探测     

杨福平  余刚群  侯林锋  孙海青 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(2):142-147

采用高分辨折射和宽角反射/折射综合地震探测方法，在浙江省中部沿黄岩、临海、东阳、桐庐、昌化进行深部构造探测，获得一条长约350 km的速度结构剖面。探测结果表明，地壳结构具有明显的多层性，存在3个速度间断面;基底速度结构图像揭示了速度结构的横向非均匀性，这种不均匀性既对应于地质构造单元的分界线或断裂构造带，也反映出东西部构造特征的差异性。  相似文献   

地表一致性静校正量误差分析     

尹奇峰  潘冬明  夏暖  李娟娟  胡明顺 《物探与化探》2011,35(6):785-788

目前,在生产中广泛使用的静校正方法几乎都是基于地表一致性假设的。在地表复杂地区,地形起伏较大,低速带厚度和横向速度变化较大,地表一致性假设往往与实际地质情况不符,在这种情况下再运用地表一致性静校正,势必产生很大的误差。笔者利用模型正演方法着重讨论复杂地区地表一致性静校正误差存在的原因及这种原因跟基准面、炮检距、低速带和基岩速度、低速带厚度、反射面深度等之间的关系,分析其变化规律,提出解决复杂地区静校正问题的建议,以期改进现有的静校正方法,达到减小误差的目的。  相似文献   

Refractor velocity analysis: a signal processing procedure     

Roberto de Franco 《Geophysical Prospecting》2011,59(3):432-454

This paper presents a signal processing procedure to perform refractor velocity analysis. The procedure enables one to obtain the seismic velocity from the refracted wavefield without the picking of refracted arrival times. Two processing procedures are derived, one starting from a seismic interferometric approach and another, from the conventional reciprocal method and generalized reciprocal method approaches. The theoretical equivalence of the two approaches is also demonstrated. The proposed processing procedure is applied to synthetic data in order to test the influence of some procedural parameters and its capability to reconstruct a known velocity model starting from refracted signals, without and with perturbations, in arrival times and noise; finally, it is applied to a field data set.  相似文献   

Classification of near-surface anomalies in the seismic refraction method according to the shape of the time–distance graph: A theoretical approach     

Tihomir Engelsfeld  Franjo &#x;umanovac  Vladimir Krsti&#x; 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,74(1):59-64

Results obtained by SASW and PS-logging (in-hole) seismic techniques are compared with the relatively new ReMi (Refraction microtremor) method at a common site with a well-known soil profile: a recently constructed high-speed railway embankment. PS-logging is the most accurate technique in identifying the soil profile of the embankment followed by Re-Mi and SASW. Mean shear wave velocity estimations are also higher for PS-logging, followed by SASW and ReMi, while mean deviation is similar in each technique. The ReMi technique has provided very accurate results in the study of the embankment profile, which in addition to its high operability and its fast data processing, makes it a very convenient technique for extensive geotechnical surveys.  相似文献   

多波束测深表层声速误差的动态影响及改正方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵君毅  阳凡林  刘智敏  李真  赵相伟 《测绘科学》2010,35(6):23-25

表层声速不准确会对多波束测深波束的归位产生影响,对于平面换能器阵,使波束角产生偏差,从而影响波束最终位置,但Snell常数保持不变;对于曲面换能器阵,虽然波束未束控不产生波束角偏差,但Snell常数发生改变,会使波束在传播过程中出现折射误差,对深水环境测量不利。对于表层声速误差带来的水深误差,外部波束比内部波束受到的影响更严重。当表层声速无法实时准确获取时,根据内外部波束对水深的影响大小识别表层声速误差的存在,通过逐步调整表层声速值,计算波束指向角差值,再重新进行声线跟踪,计算改正后的波束位置,消除其带来的水深的影响,完成表层声速误差的改正。文中用实测数据进行了验证,对多波束测深数据质量的改善有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

多波束测深残余折射处理技术的对比研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘胜旋  屈小娟 《海洋测绘》2010,30(2):49-51

针对多波束条幅存在的残余声线折射影响,加拿大Caris HIPS多波束资料处理软件除了支持声速剖面改正外,还提供了一个折射改正工具。该折射改正工具简单易用,效果所见即所得,能够快速消除声线折射产生的假地形。通过实测数据对这两种改正方法的结果进行了比较。  相似文献   

射电定位法在煤矿老空水探测中的应用     

黄福泉  孟建兵  朱蒙 《江苏地质》2019,43(1):146-154

射电辐射探测地下水是新的方法,而利用单台射电辐射计对煤矿老空水进行探测并确定其位置是生产实践中更新的技术。使用单台矿用射电水探测仪,用射电定位法在井下对煤矿老空水进行探测定位,通过数据处理、射电折射修正,成功实现了煤矿老空水位置的准确定位。经徐州三河尖煤矿钻孔验证,射电折射修正后的射电定位数据与实际钻孔数据相比,钻孔深度误差约为1 m,钻孔角度误差约为1.1°,与煤矿井下探测老空水位置的其他方法比较,上述2个误差最小。  相似文献   

嘉鱼断裂西向延伸与第四系活动特征     

林松  李媛  程邈  邓小虎  王薇 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(5):1501-1511

嘉鱼断裂为已证实的隐伏断层。该断裂从洪湖老湾西南横切长江,沿近东西—北东东向延展,经嘉鱼县城东北马鞍山北缘向东延伸于斧头湖,长约40 km,该断裂东端已有明显出露,而断裂尾部并没有明显出露。由于区内小尺度物探资料的缺乏,使得该断裂的走向和活动性都缺少相关证据。本文利用浅层地震反射结合折射层析成像方法,采用2 m道间距接收人工地震波,利用多次覆盖技术和密集炮集折射记录,分别对数据进行反射处理和层析成像,获取了浅层地震反射剖面和高分辨率折射层析成像剖面,并参考相关区域地震安全性评价钻孔资料进行解译。综合研究结果表明：浅层地震反射和高分辨率折射联合应用可互补,尤其在外界干扰较为严重的区域,利用高分辨率折射层析成像可减少浅层地震反射对断层的误判。此外,研究结果证实了嘉鱼断裂的具体位置,其性质为北盘下降、南盘上升的正断层,且该断层错断了第四系沉积层。  相似文献