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厦门湾沉积物中有害有毒甲藻休眠孢囊及塔玛亚历山大藻的潜在危害 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本工作通过分析厦门湾表层沉积物中的甲藻休眠孢囊,发现了1种有毒塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)休眠孢囊,及两种有害甲藻休眠孢囊:锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)、具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera).对塔玛亚历山大藻进行了培养。并初步研究了该藻的毒性及贝类对其毒素的积累.研究结果表明,厦门海域沉积物中的塔玛亚历山犬藻是有毒的.它的较适宜生长环境条件是:水温20~25℃.盐度为25~30,光照度为3000~50001x.塔玛亚历山大藻在每年的4月26日至6月10日、10月11日至11月20日可能会形成有害藻华,危害厦门海域的海洋生物并可能威胁到人类的健康和生命安全. 相似文献
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麻痹性贝毒PSP在紫贻贝体内的累积、转化与排出 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13
于1998年9月在青岛鲁迅公园附近礁石区采集紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis),采用实验室培养的方法,初步研究了塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense,ATHK)产生的麻痹性贝毒(Paralytic Shellfish Poison,PSP)在其体内累积、转化与排出的规律。结果表明,在累积实验阶段,紫贻贝内脏的和肌肉中的PSP毒素含量均随实验时间的延长而逐渐增加,累积实验结束时,平均每只贝体内的PSP毒素含量为13.40nmol,毒性水平为12.24ugSTXEq/100g,紫贻贝内脏中的毒素含量远远高于肌肉,内脏中PSP毒素占贝体内PSP毒素总量的97.5%。在8天的排出实验阶段,贝体内的PSP毒素总量呈下降趋势,实验结束时,PSP毒素共排除了约50%,每天排除率约为9%。 相似文献
3.
采用麻痹性贝类毒素小白鼠生物测定法 ,研究了在可控生态条件下两株海洋细菌S1 0 、P42 对塔玛亚历山大藻生长及其产毒量的影响。结果表明 ,菌株S1 0 在较高浓度下对藻细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用 ,在较低浓度下抑藻生长作用较弱 ,不同浓度的菌株S1 0 均能有效地抑制藻细胞内麻痹性贝类毒素的产生 ,且在较低浓度下效果较好 ;菌株P42 对该藻的作用恰好与S1 0 相反 ,在较低浓度下明显抑制藻细胞的生长 ,不同浓度的菌株P42 也能有效地抑藻产毒 ,且在较高浓度下作用较明显。实验用的藻株毒力约为 ( 0 .95— 1 2 .1 4)× 1 0 - 6MU/cell,属于低毒藻株 ,该藻株在培养第 1 4天达到毒性最高峰 ,峰值为 1 2 .1 4× 1 0 - 6MU/cell,之后逐渐下降。讨论了海洋细菌在赤潮生物防治中的应用前景 相似文献
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Sulfotransferase (ST) is the first enzyme discovered in association with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin biosynthesis in toxic dinoflagellates. This study investigates the ST activity in crude enzyme extraction of a toxic dinoflagellate species, Alexandrium tamarense CI01. The results show that crude enzyme can transfer a sulfate group from 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to N-21 in the carbamoyl group of gonyautoxin 2/3 (GTX2/3) to produce C1/C2, but is inactive toward STX to produce GTX5. The crude enzyme is optimally active at pH 6.0 and 15°C. The activity is enhanced by Co2 , Mg2 , Mn2 and Ca2 individually, but is inhibited by Cu2 . Moreover, the activity shows no difference when various sulfur compounds are used as sulfate donors. These results demonstrate that the ST specific to GTX2/3 is present in the cells of A. tamarense CI01 and is involved in PSP toxin biosynthesis. In addition, the ST from different dinoflagellates is species-specific, which explains well the various biosynthesis pathways of the PSP toxins in toxic dinoflagellates. 相似文献
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塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻对黑褐新糠虾和卤虫的急性毒性作用 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9
以黑褐新糠虾和卤虫为实验材料,研究了两种典型有毒有害赤潮藻,塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻的毒性.结果表明塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻都能影响糠虾的存活,在9 h内塔玛亚历山大藻和赤湖异弯藻对糠虾的半致死浓度分别约为7000和450 000个/cm3;在24 h内塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻对卤虫存活没有显著影响,而赤潮异弯藻能对卤虫的活力产生强烈的抑制作用,0.1,1.5,5和24 h的半抑制浓度分别为15 000,7500,4500,3000个/cm3,但在赤潮异弯藻较低浓度为3000个/cm3时,经过48 h卤虫的运动能力能够恢复到正常水平.结果表明,这两种有害藻对同一种生物的毒性大小存在差异,而这两种甲壳类生物对同一种有害藻的反应也不相同. 相似文献
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以格陵兰岛西部、冰岛沿海和楚科奇海的芬迪亚历山大藻为受试对象,并以缅因湾的芬迪亚历山大藻藻株做为参照,从沉积物或海水中的休眠孢囊或营养细胞中分离到12株目标藻种,并在实验室建立纯培养系。然后对这些地域的藻种在不同光照下生长特性的比较、对毒素含量进行研究,发现芬迪亚历山大藻在持续光照条件下最适的生长光强范围是38—91μmol×m~(–2)×s~(–1)。另外,在所有分离到的12株藻细胞中均未检测到脱氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒素2(dc GTX2),大部分藻细胞都在光强较强时,即生长速率低时表现出更高的细胞毒素含量和毒性。 相似文献
7.
环境因子对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的综合影响 总被引:28,自引:2,他引:28
利用多因子实验设计,研究了主要环境因子温度、盐度和光照强度对麻痹性贝毒产毒藻——塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)生长的影响.经三维ANOVA统计分析(Tukey test)结果表明,在实验条件范围内(温度12,19,25,32℃;盐度10,18,25,30,35和光照强度0.02×1016,0.08×1016,0.3×1016,1.6×1016s-1/cm2),温度、光照强度和盐度对藻生长率有显著的影响(P<0.001).光照强度和温度、盐度和温度、光照强度和盐度以及这3个因子之间存在显著的相互作用(P<0.001),在本实验中该藻生长的最适条件是19℃,1.6×1016s-1/cm2,盐度30.根据塔玛亚历山大藻的生长特性,我们探讨了这些环境因子在塔玛亚历山大藻赤潮形成机制中的作用. 相似文献
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不同起始浓度对塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻种群竞争的影响 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
初步分析了起始浓度对塔玛亚历山大藻 (AlexandriumtamarenseBalech)和赤潮异弯藻 (HeterosigmaakashiwoHa da)种群增长的影响。在单种培养的情况下 ,A .tamarense与H .akashiwo的生长曲线可用逻辑斯谛增长模型拟合。不同起始浓度 ( 0 .2× 10 4,0 .5× 10 4,0 .8× 10 4cell/mL)对A .tamarense环境容纳量 (K)有明显的影响 ,随起始浓度的增加K有减小的趋势。H .akashiwo种群瞬时增长率 (r)随起始浓度增加而增加。按不同接种比例进行混合培养 ,不同起始浓度对 2种藻竞争的结果具有明显影响。当接种比例为A .tamarense∶H .akashiwo(A∶H) =1∶4时 ,H .akashiwo在竞争中占优势 ,而当A∶H =1∶1及A∶H =4∶1时 ,A .tamarense在竞争中占优势。竞争结果不仅受营养盐限制 ,克生物质对竞争结果亦具有重要影响。 相似文献
9.
Zheng TL Su JQ Maskaoui K Yu ZM Hu Z Xu JS Hong HS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):1018-1025
The effect of S10, a strain of marine bacteria isolated from sediment in the Western Xiamen Sea, on the growth and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) production in the alga Alexandrium tamarense (A. tamarense) was studied under controlled experimental conditions. The results of these experiments have shown that the growth of A. tamarense is obviously inhibited by S10 at high concentrations, however no evident effect on its growth was observed at low concentrations. Its PSP production was also inhibited by S10 at different concentrations, especially at low concentrations. The toxicity of this strain of A. tamarense is about (0.95–12.14) × 10−6 MU/cell, a peak toxicity value of 12.14 × 10−6 MU/cell appeared on the 14th day, after which levels decreased gradually. The alga grew well in conditions of pH 6–8 and salinities of 20–34‰. The toxicity of the alga varied markedly at different pH and salinity levels. Toxicity decreased as pH increased, while it increased with salinity and reached a peak value at a salinity of 30‰, after which it declined gradually. S10 at a concentration of 1.02 × 109 cells/ml inhibited growth and the PSP production of A. tamarense at different pH and salinity levels. S10 had the strongest inhibitory function on the growth of A. tamarense under conditions of pH 7 and a salinity of 34‰. The best inhibitory effect on PSP production by A. tamarense was at pH 7, this inhibitory effect on PSP production did not relate to salinity. Interactions between marine bacteria and A. tamarense were also investigated using the flow cytometer technique (FCM) as well as direct microscope counting. S10 was identified as being a member of the genus Bacillus, the difference in 16S rDNA between S10 and Bacillus halmapalus was only 2%. The mechanism involved in the inhibition of growth and PSP production of A. tamarense by this strain of marine bacteria, and the prospect of using it and other marine bacteria in the bio-control of red-tides was discussed. 相似文献
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