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1.
利用AIRS观测资料进行红外高光谱大气探测能力试验的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用EOS Aqua卫星平台上搭载的光栅式高光谱分辨率大气红外探测仪器AIRS（Atmospheric Infrared Sounder）的实际观测资料，采用经验正交函数展开法（特征向量法）进行了大气温度、湿度廓线的反演误差敏感性试验研究。试验内容包括光谱覆盖、通道覆盖、通道宽度等。通过这些试验，研究在中国现有的经济、技术条件下要达到在对流层1km气层温度、湿度分别小于1K和20％的反演精度和垂直分辨率所应该具备的光谱通道特征，为发展中国自己的红外高光谱分辨率探测技术提供科学依据。试验计算结果表明，基于中国现有的经济和技术基础，发展具有100个左右的光谱通道，通道宽度为2-4个波数的干涉式红外大气探测仪器（比中国目前FY-3初期的滤光片式红外分光计的光谱波段宽度减小3-4倍），可明显改善大气参数反演精度，基本满足现阶段使用要求。 相似文献
2.
利用MODIS云检测产品客观确定AIRS云检测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
云检测是用卫星资料研究云对气候系统作用至关重要的第一步,采用Nagle的基于扫描几何特性的共同空间匹配算法,用MODIS云检测产品客观确定了AIRS云检测,是将高空间分辨率成像仪产品与高光谱分辨率传感器观测资料结合使用的一次实际应用。合成使用高空间分辨率成像仪与高光谱分辨率传感器观测资料的关键步骤在于:①有效而精确的时间和空间上的匹配;②传感器像素内图像仪云检测产品的断定。不仅是云检测,利用AIRS视场内空间匹配的MODIS云产品,还可以判断AIRS的云相态、有效云量及云光学厚度等。 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACT Satellite-based observations provide great opportunities for improving weather forecasting. Physical retrieval of atmo spheric profiles from satellite observations is sensitive to the uncertainty of the first guess and other factors. In order to improve the accuracy of the physical retrieval, an ensemble methodology was developed with an emphasis on perturbing the first guess. In the methodology, a normal probability density function （PDF） is used to select the optimal profile from the ensemble retrievals. The ensemble retrieval algorithm contains four steps： （1） regression retrieval for original first guess; （2） perturbation of the original first guess to generate new first guesses （ensemble first guesses）; （3） using the ensemble first guesses and nonlinear iterative physical retrieval to generate ensemble physical results; and （4） the final optimal profile is selected from the ensemble physical results by using PDE Temperature eigenvectors （EVs） were used to generate the pertur- bation and generate the ensemble first guess. Compared with the regular temperature profile retrievals from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder （AIRS）, the ensemble retrievals RMSE of temperature profiles selected by the PDF was reduced between 150 and 320 hPa and below 400 hPa, with a maximum improvement of 0.3 K at 400 hPa. The bias was also reduced in many layers, with a maximum improvement of 0.69 K at 460 hPa. The combined optimal （CombOpt） profile and a mean optimal （MeanOpt） profile of all ensemble physical results were improved below 150 hPa. The MeanOpt profile was better than the CombOpt profile, and was regarded as the final optimal （FinOpt） profile. This study lays the foundation for improving temperature retrievals from hyper-spectral infrared radiance measurements. 相似文献
4.
利用AIRS产品分析中国地区近地面甲烷浓度时空特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甲烷(CH4)作为仅次于二氧化碳(CO2)的第二大温室气体,不仅在全球和区域尺度光化学反应中起着重要作用,而且在能量收支平衡及气候变化方面有着重要的影响。2013年,Auqa/EOS的大气红外探测仪(AIRS)热红外近地表CH4产品在AIRS Version6.0产品中发布,其结果尚未在中国进行验证,利用热红外传感器分析中国近地表CH4浓度的时空分布还处于初始阶段。本文利用中国青海瓦里关(WLG)、中国台湾鹿林山(LLN)及蒙古乌兰乌勒(UUM)地基观测资料对AIRS V6.0近地面CH4浓度产品进行了验证,误差在2%以内,二者相关系数r分别为0.68、0.5、0.69,变化趋势一致,进而从地域、季节变化和年际变化3个方面探讨了2003年—2013年中国地区近地面CH4浓度的时空分布特征。结果表明:CH4浓度最低值位于西藏地区(1800 ppbv),高值区位于新疆维吾尔自治区北部、内蒙古自治区及黑龙江北部(1920 ppbv);夏季高,冬季低,季节性变化明显,年际变化基本上呈增长趋势。 相似文献
5.
In this study,we derived atmospheric profiles of temperature,moisture,and ozone,along with surface emissivity,skin temperature,and surface pressure,from infrared-sounder radiances under clear sky (cloudless) condition.Clouds were detected objectively using the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder under a relatively low spatial resolution and cloud-mask information from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer under a high horizontal resolution;this detection was conducted using space matching.Newton’s nonlinear physical iterative solution technique is applied to the radiative transfer equation (RTE) to retrieve temperature profiles,relative humidity profiles,and surface variables simultaneously.This technique is carried out by using the results of an eigenvector regression retrieval as the background profile and using corresponding iterative forms for the weighting functions of temperature and water-vapor mixing ratio.The iterative forms are obtained by applying the variational principle to the RTE.We also compared the retrievals obtained with different types of observations.The results show that the retrieved atmospheric sounding profile has great superiority over other observations by accuracy and resolution.Retrieved profiles can be used to improve the initial conditions of numerical models and used in areas where conventional observations are sparse,such as plateaus,deserts,and seas. 相似文献
6.
选取2012年4月14日的一次存在东西2片雾区的黄海春季海雾为研究对象,借助WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式,采用循环3DVAR（3-Dimensional Variational）数据同化方案,考虑了湿度控制变量的背景误差协方差CV6,进行了AIRS（Atmospheric Infrared Sounder）卫星温度与湿度廓线数据的同化试验,并基于同化试验结果探讨了此次海雾的形成机制。同化试验结果表明：同化 AIRS 卫星温度与湿度廓线数据后,模式能成功再现海雾的形成过程,特别是东西2片雾区之间的晴空区的存在,这归功于AIRS数据的同化能够显著改善海上大气边界层的温湿结构、影响海雾的低层高压的范围与强度;机制分析揭示：东西2片雾均为典型的平流冷却雾,但二者厚薄和气团来源不同;海上高压控制黄海西岸陆地的暖空气入海,受低海温的冷却作用降温先形成逆温层,然后逆温层底部生成了较薄的西侧雾区;来自黄海中部的空气向东北移动至朝鲜半岛西部海域,高压下沉增温形成一个顶部较高的稳定层,从而生成较厚的东侧雾区;高压中心下沉区内,近海面风速小使得机械湍流弱,空气增温与海温暖舌共同作用下使得近海面气海温差小,海雾无法生成导致了晴空区的存在。 相似文献
7.
A strong precipitation event caused by the southwest vortex(SWV), which affected Sichuan Province and Chongqing municipality in Southwest China on 10–14 July 2012, is investigated. The SWV is examined using satellite observations from AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder), in situ measurements from the SWV intensive observation campaign, and MICAPS(Marine Interactive Computer-Aided Provisioning System) data. Analysis of this precipitation process revealed that:(1)heavy rain occurred during the development phase, and cloud water content increased significantly after the dissipation of the SWV;(2) the area with low outgoing longwave radiation values from AIRS correlated well with the SWV;(3) variation of the temperature of brightness blackbody(TBB) from AIRS reflected the evolution of the SWV, and the values of TBB reduced significantly during the SWV's development; and(4) strong temperature and water vapor inversions were noted during the development of the SWV. The moisture profile displayed large vertical variation during the SWV's puissant phase,with the moisture inversion occurring at low levels. The moisture content during the receding phase was significantly reduced compared with that during the developing and puissant phases. The vertical flux of vapor divergence explained the variation of the moisture profile. These results also indicate the potential for using AIRS products in studying severe weather over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings, where in situ measurements are sparse. 相似文献
8.
The physical retrieval algorithm of atmospheric temperature and moisture distribution from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder （AIRS） radiances is presented. The retrieval algorithm is applied to AIRS clear-sky radiance measurements. The algorithm employs a statistical retrieval followed by a subsequent nonlinear physical retrieval. The regression coefficients for the statistical retrieval are derived from a dataset of global radiosonde observations （RAOBs） comprising atmospheric temperature, moisture, and ozone profiles. Evaluation of the retrieved profiles is performed by a comparison with RAOBs from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement （ARM） Program Cloud And Radiation Testbed （CART） in Oklahoma, U. S. A.. Comparisons show that the physically-based AIRS retrievals agree with the RAOBs from the ARM CART site with a Root Mean Square Error （RMSE） of 1K on average for temperature profiles above 850 hPa, and approximately 10% on average for relative humidity profiles. With its improved spectral resolution, AIRS depicts more detailed structure than the current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite （GOES） sounder when comparing AIRS sounding retrievals with the operational GOES sounding products. 相似文献
9.
利用搭载在美国Aqua卫星上的大气红外探测仪(AIRS)观测资料反演的全球甲烷(CH_4)产品和NCEP再分析资料,分析了2003~2014年青藏高原上空CH_4的时空变化特征,探讨了夏季CH_4高值变化与季风的关系。研究结果表明:就青藏高原整体而言,CH_4浓度随高度增加递减;对流层中高层CH_4含量季节变化较为明显,其平均浓度在7~9月处于高值,6月、10月次之,其余月份处于低值。2003~2014年CH_4含量呈逐年上升趋势,年增长率约为4.66ppb(10-9)。高原上空CH_4空间分布分析显示,高原北部CH_4浓度高于南部地区。夏季风期间,随着高原上的强对流输送和上空南亚高压的阻塞,对流层中高层CH_4浓度明显增加并不断积累,在8月底至9月初出现最大值。在分析季风指数的基础上发现,夏季季风影响下的强对流输送是高原对流层中高层CH_4高值形成的主要原因之一,对流层中高层CH_4浓度最大值出现时间较季风指数的峰值滞后约半至一个月,随着夏季风的撤退,CH_4浓度高值迅速降低。 相似文献
10.
利用瓦里关大气本底站甲烷观测数据对美国Aqua卫星的AIRS观测结果进行对比分析,并分析研究了2003~2012年青藏高原对流层大气甲烷的时空分布特征,结果表明:1)AIRS观测结果与近地面观测资料变化趋势一致,存在显著的正相关关系,突变时间比较一致,可以用于青藏高原区域的甲烷浓度特征分析。2)青藏高原对流层甲烷浓度在空间分布上存在显著的西北—东南走向的低值带及其南北侧存在4个固定的高值中心,分别位于阿里、那曲、山南和玉树。3)青藏高原甲烷浓度呈现显著随高度而降低的趋势,年平均甲烷浓度分别为1.810ppm(1 ppm=10-6)、1.797 ppm和1.781 ppm。在对流层中层和中上层,甲烷浓度基本呈现低值带最低、南北侧均高的山谷型分布特征。在对流层层顶,以低值带为分界线,呈现明显的南高北低特征。4)青藏高原甲烷浓度随时间呈缓慢上升趋势,平均速度为0.0018 ppm/a,夏季上升最快,秋季上升最慢。5)青藏高原甲烷存在明显的单峰型季节变化特征,夏秋季高,冬春季低,与东部地区冬、夏双峰型特征不同,随着高度上升季节变化更为明显。 相似文献