Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds in water, sediment and mussels from the Cantabrian Sea (North Spain) |
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| Authors: | Gómez Cristian Vicente Joana Echavarri-Erasun Beatriz Porte Cinta Lacorte Silvia |
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| Institution: | a Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;b Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental “IH Cantabria”, Grupo de Emisarios Submarinos e Hidráulica Ambiental, Universidad de Cantabria, E.T.S.I. de Caminos Canales y Puertos, Avda de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have emerged as significant global environmental pollutants with persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of PFCs in water (wastewater, submarine emissaries and port-waters), sediment and transplanted mussels in estuarine areas of high urban and industrial impact from Northern Spain. Five PFCs of industrial use were studied: perfluorooctanesulfonate, perfluorohexanesulfonate, perfluorobutanesulfonate, perfluorooctanoate acid and perfluorononanoate acid. After selective extraction, samples were analyzed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. ΣPFCs ranged from 0.06 to 10.9 ng/L in water, with higher levels in wastewater treatment plants effluents and port waters than in submarine emissaries. Little accumulation was observed in sediments and mussels with ΣPFCs ranging from 0.01-0.13 ng/g dw and 0.01-0.06 ng/g ww, respectively. Most ubiquitous compounds were PFOS and PFOA. Mass fluxes of PFCs to the Cantabrian Sea are estimated and the impact to the coastal ecosystem is discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Perfluorinated compounds Water Sediment Mussels LC– MS |
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