| 牙形类管刺属的分类、谱系和分带的再研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 季强,季燕南,梁蕾.牙形类管刺属的分类、谱系和分带的再研究[J].地质学刊,2020,44(3):223-243. |
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| 作者姓名： | 季强 季燕南 梁蕾 |
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| 作者单位： | 河北地质大学 |
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| 基金项目： | 河北省人民政府特别资助基金项目（Z20177187），河北地质大学校长基金项目（TS2017-001） |
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| 摘 要： | 众所周知，泥盆纪末期曾发生了一次全球性海平面下降事件（D-C事件），导致绝大多数晚泥盆世生物灭绝，只有少数生物躲过D-C事件残存下来，直到早石炭世最早期才开始复苏，而后辐射演化。全球的资料表明，这些残存下来的生物的演化谱系几乎均被D-C事件打断，牙形类管刺属（Siphonodella）和原颚齿刺属（Protognathodus）的演化谱系被打断。问题的关键在于被D-C事件打断的演化谱系的节点究竟在什么位置，事实表明，管刺属演化谱系中被打断的节点恰好是Si. praesulcta M. 3—Si. praesulcata M. 4演化支系，原颚齿刺属演化谱系中被打断的节点正是Pr. collinsoni—Pr. kockeli演化支系。Si. praesulcata M. 4和Pr. kockeli的所谓首次出现只是地层学含义的最低产出点，而不是生物演化含义的最早出现。这表明，无论是Si. praesulcata M. 4还是Pr. kockeli的首次出现都不适合用来定义泥盆—石炭系界线。通过详细研究牙形类管刺属的分类、谱系和分带，重点研究Siphonodella praesulcata M. 3—Si. praesulcata M. 4的演化谱系，并根据管刺属演化谱系识别出10个牙形类带，即下praesulcata带、中praesulcata带、上praesulcata带、sulcata带、下duplicata带、上duplicata带、下sandbergi带、上sandbergi带、crenulata带和isosticha带，各带基本均以带名种的首次出现底界。Sandberg等1978年提出的以管刺属演化谱系为基础的分带方案是可信、可行的。国际泥盆—石炭系界线工作组1979年提出的泥盆—石炭系界线定义是正确的。因此，目前根本没有必要再修改原来的界线定义，建议仍然以Siphonodella sulcata在Si. praesulcata M. 4—Si. sulcata演化支系中的首次出现来定义泥盆—石炭系界线。目前的主要任务是寻找能展示这种演化谱系的优秀剖面，并将其作为界线层型候选剖面推荐给国际泥盆—石炭系界线工作组。
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| 关 键 词： | 牙形类 管刺属 分类、演化谱系和分带 泥盆—石炭系界线 |
Restudy on the speciation, phylogeny and zonation of genus Siphonodella (conodonts) |
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| Ji Qiang,Ji Yannan,Liang Lei.Restudy on the speciation, phylogeny and zonation of genus Siphonodella (conodonts)[J].Jiangsu Geology,2020,44(3):223-243. |
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| Authors: | Ji Qiang Ji Yannan Liang Lei |
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| Abstract: | As we know, a eustatic fall of sea level took place by the end of Devonian, that is, the D-C event, when most of the Late Devonian conodonts were extinct, but only a few genera of conodonts dodged the event and survived to Early Carboniferous, such as Siphonodella and Protognathodus. Nevertheless, their evolutionary lineages were affected and interrupted by the D-C event, for example, the praesulcata M. 3-praesulcata M. 4 lineage in genus Siphonodella and the collinsoni-kockeli lineage in genus Protognathodus were interrupted by the D-C event. The first occurrence of both Siphonodella praesulcata M. 4 and Protognathodus kockeli is only the lowermost occurrence in stratigraphic sense, rather than the first appearance in evolutionary sense. The present research believes that the taxa of Siphonodella are widely distributed over the world, very rich and colorful, and they are much better than those of Protognathodus to study their speciation, phylogeny and zonation. In present paper, ten conodont zones can be recognized: the Lower praesulcata zone, the Middle praesulcata zone, the Upper praesulcata zone, the sulcata zone, the Lower duplicata zone, the Upper duplicata zone, the Lower sandbergi zone, the Upper sandbergi zone, the crenulata zone and the isosticha zone. Thus, the Siphonodella zonation proposed by Sandberg et al. (1978) and Ziegler et al.(1984a, 1984b) proved to be credible, recognizable and acceptable. The definition of the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary proposed by the International Working Group in 1979 is certainly correct. It is not necessary to revise the D-C boundary definition made in 1979, again. We insist on the D-C boundary definition made in 1979 and recommend that the D-C boundary should be still defined by the first appearance of Siphonodella sulcata in the praesulcata-sulcata lineage. |
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| Keywords: | conodonts genus Siphonodella speciation phylogeny and zonation the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary |
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