Migration and speciation transformation mechanisms of mercury in undercurrent zones of the Tongguan gold mining area,Shaanxi Loess Plateau and impact on the environment     

《China Geology》2021,4(2):311-328

In order to study the migration and transformation mechanism of Hg content and occurrence form in subsurface flow zone of gold mining area in Loess Plateau and its influence on water environment, the field in-situ infiltration test and laboratory test were carried out in three typical sections of river-side loess, alluvial and proluvial strata in Tongguan gold mining area of Shaanxi Province, and the following results were obtained: (1) The source of Hg in subsurface flow zone is mainly caused by mineral processing activities; (2) the subsurface flow zone in the study area is in alkaline environment, and the residual state, iron and manganese oxidation state, strong organic state and humic acid state of mercury in loess are equally divided in dry and oxidizing environment; mercury in river alluvial or diluvial strata is mainly concentrated in silt, tailings and clayey silt soil layer, and mercury has certain stability, and the form of mercury in loess is easier to transform than the other two media; (3) under the flooding condition, most of mercury is trapped in the silt layer in the undercurrent zone where the sand and silt layers alternate with each other and the river water and groundwater are disjointed, and the migration capacity of mercury is far less than that of loess layer and alluvial layer with close hydraulic connection; (4) infiltration at the flood level accelerates the migration of pollutants to the ground; (5) the soil in the undercurrent zone is overloaded and has seriously exceeded the standard. Although the groundwater monitoring results are safe this time, relevant enterprises or departments should continue to pay attention to improving the gold extraction process, especially vigorously rectify the small workshops for illegal gold extraction and the substandard discharge of the three wastes, and intensify efforts to solve the geological environmental problems of mines left over from history. At present, the occurrence form of mercury in the undercurrent zone is relatively stable, but the water and soil layers have been polluted. The risk of disjointed groundwater pollution can not be ignored while giving priority to the treatment of loess and river alluvial landform areas with close hydraulic links. The research results will provide a scientific basis for water conservancy departments to groundwater prevention and control in water-deficient areas of the Loess Plateau.  相似文献   

沉积物中磷的赋存形态及磷形态顺序提取分析方法   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

许春雪  袁建  王亚平  王苏明  代阿芳 《岩矿测试》2011,30(6):785-794

阐述了当前我国水体富营养化的现状,水体的富营养化与水体中磷、氮的浓度以及二者的浓度比值有着密切的关系。水体富营养化时氮和磷的浓度均很高,但没有一个固定的值,是在一个较宽泛的富营养范围内,氮和磷的浓度比值大多在10∶1～20∶1。湖泊沉积物作为湖泊水体中磷的重要蓄积库,是湖泊流域磷循环的重要归属,也是湖泊水体内源性磷的主要来源,沉积物中极少量的稳定磷转化为活性磷就会造成湖泊水体富营养化。文中介绍了沉积物中无机磷形态的分类,评述了欧盟标准局在研制湖泊沉积物磷形态标准物质时比对采用的4种提取方法(Willimas法、Hieltjes-Lijklema法、Ruttenberg法、Golterman法),总结了国内外学者所应用的沉积物中磷的各种形态提取方法和磷各形态的分析测定方法,国内学者应用的方法是在国外学者方法的基础上提出的,阐述了顺序提取方法及其地球化学意义。简要评述了湖泊沉积物中磷的生物释放、物理释放和化学释放三种释放机制,这三种释放机制相辅相成,在一特定的环境条件下某一过程可能占主导地位来控制沉积物磷的释放。最后提出应该加强对沉积物中磷的各种形态的专属提取剂及其提取有效性的分子表征和检测,更加细化对于沉积物中磷形态的分类和创新各种磷形态的分析方法,建立沉积物-水体磷的迁移、循环和转化模型,这对于从根本上解决富营养化问题具有重要意义。  相似文献   

A multi-method approach for the study of lanthanum speciation in coastal and estuarine sediments     

Parthasarathi Chakraborty  P.V. Raghunadh BabuV.V. Sarma 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2011

Two independent analytical methods (sequential extraction and kinetic extraction methods) were applied in order to understand the distribution and speciation of La in the coastal and estuarine sediments from the central east coast of India. Sequential extraction study revealed that La was primarily present as inert complexes (~ 50–60% of the total La) in all the sediments. Amounts of ~ 20–30% of the total La in all the sediments were found to associate with the total organic carbon (TOC) in the sediments. The dissociation rate constants of La–sediment complexes obtained from kinetic extraction studies revealed that the concentration of thermodynamically weak complexes of La gradually increased with the increasing La/TOC ratio in the sediments.  相似文献   

Formation Mechanism of High Quality Marine Source Rocks—Coupled Control Mechanism of Geological Environment and Organism Evolution     

腾格尔  胡凯  孟庆强  黄娟  付小东  谢小敏  仰云峰  高长林 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2011,(3)

High quality marine source rock (HQMSR) is the key prerequisite for medium to large hydrocarbon accumulations. However, the forming mechanism remains unclear. On the basis of the in-vestigation for the geodynamic setting of the Middle-Upper Yangtze during the Early Cambrian in dif-ferent spatial scales and the analysis of trace elements, the main controlling factors of the development of high quality marine source rock are discussed, with specific consideration of the burial rate of the organic matter. The ...  相似文献   

Molecular weight and chemical reactivity of dissolved trace metals (Cd,Cu, Ni) in surface waters from the Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico     

Liang-Saw Wen  Peter H. Santschi  Kent W. Warnken  William Davison  Hao Zhang  Hsiu-Ping Li  Kuo-Tung Jiann 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

It is generally assumed that estuarine mixing is continuous for metals from terrestrial sources, gradually decreasing towards the open ocean endmember. Here we show that, chemical reactivity, determined by ion exchange method, and molecular weight distributions, obtained using cross-flow ultrafiltration, of dissolved Cd, Cu, and Ni in the surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico varied systematically across the estuarine mixing zone of the Mississippi River. Most size or chemical affinity fractions of dissolved metals (<0.4 μm) were linearly related to salinity (10.8–36.6), suggesting that the distribution of these elements was mainly controlled by continuous mixing processes. Dissolved concentrations across the salinity gradient ranged for Cd: 87–187 pM; Cu: 1.4–18.3 nM; and Ni: 2.6–18.8 nM, with highest values near the Mississippi river mouth, and lowest concentrations in a warm core ring in the Gulf of Mexico. Dissolved Cd was mostly present as a truly dissolved (<10 kDa, 97 ± 1%) and cationic fraction (Chelex-100 extractable, 94 ± 4%). A novel observation across the estuarine mixing zone was that colloidal metal concentrations were identical to either inert (for Cu, Ni) or AMPG-labile anionic (Cu, Cd) fractions. The difference in behavior between Cu and the other two metals might indicate differences in the biopolymeric nature of the metal–organic chelates. In particular, the anionic-organic Cd fractions accounted for just 3 ± 1%, on average. However, for Cu, it was 24 ± 4%, and for Ni, it was 9 ± 6%. The fractions of the total dissolved metal fractions that were “inert” averaged 31 ± 10% for Cu and 29 ± 12% for Ni. Small but noticeable amounts (6 ± 3%) of dissolved inert Cd fractions were also present. Apparent non-local transport processes, likely associated with cross-shelf sediment resuspension processes, could have been responsible for the relatively high concentrations of ‘inert’ and ‘anionic’ metal fractions in high salinity coastal waters, and accounting for the persistence of metals bound to humic substances in the Gulf of Mexico.  相似文献   

基于形态学分析铅锌矿不同功能区土壤重金属元素的分布特征及污染评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郭世鸿  侯晓龙  邱海源  刘爱琴  马祥庆  王友生 《地质通报》2015,34(11):2047-2053

为掌握尤溪铅锌矿区土壤重金属元素分布特征和污染现状,通过采集尤溪铅锌矿不同功能区0~20cm表层土壤样品,测定土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Cr 5种重金属元素的总量及其化学形态,分析不同功能区土壤重金属污染及分布特征,同时采用次生相与原生相比值法(RSP)进行污染评价。结果表明,尤溪铅锌矿不同功能区土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd含量均超过国家土壤环境质量三级标准,废弃冶炼区土壤Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量均最高,分别为标准值的14.78、1.13、3.73、1.34倍,采矿区Cr含量最高,但未超过标准限值。重金属形态结果表明,相比其他元素,Cd弱酸提取态所占比例最高,Cu可交换态比例最高,Pb、Zn、Cr以残渣态为主。RSP法评价表明,不同重金属的污染程度表现为:Cu(1.15)Cd(0.80)Pb(0.59)Zn(0.57)Cr(0.54);不同功能区土壤重金属污染表现为:尾矿库区冶炼区废弃冶炼区采矿区。SPEF法评价表明,尤溪铅锌矿区受人为污染明显,采矿区和尾矿库区Zn污染最为严重,冶炼区和废弃冶炼区Pb污染最为严重,功能区污染顺序为:尾矿库区冶炼区废弃冶炼区采矿区。  相似文献   

黄东海表层沉积物中磷的赋存形态和分布特征及其对生态系统的潜在影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋国栋  刘素美 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(4):84-91

For better understanding the phosphorus(P) cycle and its impacts on one of the most important fishing grounds and pressures on the marine ecosystem in the Yellow Sea(YS) and East China Sea(ECS), it is essential to distinguish the contents of different P speciation in sediments and have the knowledge of its distribution and bioavailability. In this study, the modified SEDEX procedure was employed to quantify the different forms of P in sediments. The contents of phosphorus fractions in surface sediments were 0.20–0.89 μmol/g for exchangeable-P(Exch-P), 0.37–2.86 μmol/g for Fe-bound P(Fe-P), 0.61–3.07 μmol/g for authigenic Ca-P(ACa-P), 6.39–13.73μmol/g for detrital-P(DAP) and 0.54–10.06 μmol/g for organic P(OP). The distribution of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP seemed to be similar. The concentrations of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP were slightly higher in the Yellow Sea than that in the East China Sea, and low concentrations could be observed in the middle part of the ECS and southwest off Cheju Island. The distribution of ACa-P was different from those of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP. DAP was the major fraction of sedimentary P in the research region. The sum of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP may be thought to be potentially bioavailable P in the research region. The percentage of bioavailable P in TP ranged from 13% to 61%. Bioavailable P burial flux that appeared regional differences was affected by sedimentation rates, porosity and bioavailable P content, and the distribution of bioavailable P burial flux were almost the same as that of TP burial flux.  相似文献   

西北冰洋表层沉积物中重金属的赋存形态研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨丽  高爱国  张延颇  赵冬梅 《台湾海峡》2012,31(4):451-458

用连续提取法对选自西北冰洋的32个表层沉积物进行分析,测定了Cr、Cu、Pb在全样中及其在P1-2、P3、P4、P5中的含量.结果表明随着离岸距离增加,水深加深,Cr、Cu、Pb含量呈增高的趋势.研究区陆架沉积物中Cr、Cu、Pb含量分别为60.66、14.77、16.65μg/g;深海沉积物中Cr、Cu、Pb的含量分别为80.40、41.70、25.62μg/g.元素赋存形态分析表明,Cr、Cu、Pb主要赋存在残渣态,残渣态中三元素的含量平均值分别为64.97、19.67、17.56μg/g,占元素总量的比例分别为93.58%、75.02%和83.76%.三元素在各赋存形态中的含量分布是:Cu为残渣态>有机质和硫化物态>铁锰氧化态>可交换及碳酸盐态;Pb和Cr则为残渣态>铁锰氧化物态>有机质硫化物态>可交换态及碳酸盐态.研究区重金属元素在不同赋存形态中的含量分布与北太平洋深海沉积物中类似.  相似文献   

The role of iron and sulfur in the visual appearance of lake sediment varves     

Veronika Gälman  Johan Rydberg  Andrei Shchukarev  Staffan Sjöberg  Antonio Martínez-Cortizas  Richard Bindler  Ingemar Renberg 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,42(1):141-153

Easily discernible sediment varves (annual laminations) may be formed in temperate zone lakes, and reflect seasonal changes in the composition of the accumulating material derived from the lake and its catchment (minerogenic and organic material). The appearance of varves may also be influenced by chemical processes. We assessed the role of iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) in the appearance of varves in sediments from Lake Nylandssjön in northern Sweden. We surveyed Fe in the lake water and established whether there is internal transport of Fe within the sediment. We used a unique collection of seven stored freeze cores of varved sediment from the lake, collected from 1979 to 2004. This suite of cores made it possible to follow long-term changes in Fe and S in the sediment caused by processes that occur in the lake bottom when the sediment is ageing. We compared Fe and S concentrations using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) in specific years in the different cores. No diagenetic front was found in the sediment and the data do not suggest that there is substantial vertical transport of Fe and S in the sediment. We also modeled Fe and S based on thermodynamic, limnological, and sediment data from the lake. The model was limited to the five components H⁺, e^?, Fe³⁺, SO₄ ^2?, H₂CO₃ and included the formation of solid phases such as Fe(OH)₃ (amorphous), FeOOH (aged, microcrystalline), FeS and FeCO₃. Modeling showed that there are pe (redox) ranges within which either FeS or Fe(OH)₃/FeOOH is the only solid phase present and there are pe ranges within which the two solid phases co-exist, which supports the hypothesis that blackish and grey-brownish layers that occur in the varves were formed at the time of deposition. This creates new possibilities for deciphering high-temporal-resolution environmental information from varves.  相似文献   

土壤重金属连续提取方法的优化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘丹丹  刘菲  缪德仁 《现代地质》2015,29(2):390-396

重金属在污染土壤中的形态分布决定着重金属的迁移性和危害的程度。土壤重金属形态分析应用最多的是Tessier和BCR连续提取法。Tessier和BCR连续提取法没有考虑土壤样品的特征。美国环保署危险废物浸出毒性鉴别标准法虽然考虑土壤pH值,但没有划分形态。采集不同pH土样,结合Tessier、BCR和毒性浸出鉴别方法的特征,优化出针对不同pH值土壤的连续提取方法,将土壤中重金属划分为活性态、次生碳酸盐结合态、次稳定态和稳定态。用优化的连续提取方法对土样进行连续提取,重金属回收率为85%~115%。优化连续提取方法的结果与Tessier和BCR结果对比显示优化连续提取方法克服了Tessier连续提取法对非石灰质土壤提取过量BCR连续提取法对石灰质土壤提取不足的缺点。优化后的连续提取方法数据稳定可靠,可作为重金属形态分析方法使用。  相似文献