Sediment geochemistry of the urban Lake Paulo Gorski |
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| Authors: | Marcelo Bevilacqua Remor Silvio César Sampaio Sacha de Rijk Marcio Antônio Vilas Boas Jackeline Tatiane Gotardo Everton Tiago Pinto Fábio Augusto Schardong |
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| Institution: | 1. Program in Agricultural Engineering, State University of Western Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, CEP 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil;2. Department of Freshwater Ecology and Water Quality, Deltares, Princetonlaan 6-8, P. O. Box 85467, 3508 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. Science and Technology Center, State University of Western Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, CEP 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of Paulo Gorski Lake, as well as the metals’ bioavailability and potential ecological risk, and to define the anthropogenic and natural heavy metal contributions to the lake. The chemical elements calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry with two extraction methods to quantify the bioavailable and non-bioavailable fractions. The data were evaluated using multivariate statistics and sediment quality indices. All sediment collection points (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) are different in terms of the concentration of heavy metals, except for S4 and S5, which were statistically equal. The bioavailable fraction of the elements in the sediment follows the sequence Pb>Cu>Mn>Zn>Ni>Cr>phosphorus (P) for all points. The elements Co, Cr, Pb, and Zn showed moderate to considerable contamination at all points. Only points S3 and S5 had moderate ecological risk. Urbanization has been affecting Paulo Gorski Lake via the input of chemical elements, especially Co and Pb. The points most affected by heavy metal contamination are S3 and S5 when the sedimentological sensitivity factor is considered. The lake has high hydrodynamics, causing some of the contaminants that enter the system to leave it, leading to potential negative impacts downstream. |
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| Keywords: | Bioavailability Heavy metals Paulo Gorski Lake Sediment Trace elements |
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