| 生态旅游在自然保护区可持续发展的阻碍因素分析——以辽宁省三个国家级自然保护区为例（英文） |
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| 引用本文： | 鲁小波,陈晓颖.生态旅游在自然保护区可持续发展的阻碍因素分析——以辽宁省三个国家级自然保护区为例（英文）[J].资源与生态学报（英文版）,2020,11(1):50-58. |
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| 作者姓名： | 鲁小波 陈晓颖 |
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| 作者单位： | 渤海大学管理学院旅游系 |
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| 基金项目： | The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41301137) |
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| 摘 要： | 自然保护区是生态旅游最主要的实践场地。在可持续发展的大背景下,全球各地大量的自然保护区开展了生态旅游实践探索,并且取得了丰富的实践经验。生态旅游在自然保护区实践中的主要经验包括:建立生态旅游认证体系,成立促进社区参与的管理机构和构建生态旅游实践标准。本研究中以辽宁省的白石砬子、医巫闾山和海棠山三个国家级自然保护区为例,采用问卷调查、田野调查、访谈等方法对当地居民、游客、景区工作人员、自然保护区工作人员、当地媒体等群体进行调查,获取一手资料。通过综合分析发现,当前生态旅游在自然保护区可持续发展的阻碍因素包括两大方面,第一个方面是普遍性阻碍因素,具体包括:(1)环境教育的缺失;(2)社区参与的不足;(3)游客管理的不规范;(4)自然保护区管理机构与当地政府的矛盾冲突(条块矛盾)。第二个方面的阻碍因素是由于每个自然保护区具体的自然环境、社会文化等不同而引起的千差万别的各个自然保护区生态旅游发展的具体性阻碍因素。针对生态旅游在自然保护区实践面临的阻碍因素,本研究提出了五项措施:(1)正确认识并且尽力满足利益相关者的合理利益诉求;(2)完善自然保护区生态旅游的协调机制体系;(3)增加自然保护区管理机构的社会效益职责;(4)自然保护区生态旅游经营权、监督权分离;(5)加强对自然保护区生态旅游游客的环境教育。
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| 关 键 词： | 生态旅游 自然保护区 阻碍因素分析 可持续发展 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-02-16 |
Analysis of Obstacles to Sustainable Development of Ecotourism in Nature Reserves: A Field Investigation of Three National Nature Reserves in Liaoning Province |
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| LU Xiaobo,CHEN Xiaoying.Analysis of Obstacles to Sustainable Development of Ecotourism in Nature Reserves: A Field Investigation of Three National Nature Reserves in Liaoning Province[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2020,11(1):50-58. |
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| Authors: | LU Xiaobo CHEN Xiaoying |
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| Institution: | Department of Tourism, School of Management, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, Liaoning, China |
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| Abstract: | Nature reserves are key sites for ecotourism.In the context of sustainable development,a great number of ecotourism practices have been carried out in nature reserves around the world.Important ecotourism practices in nature reserves include the establishment of ecotourism certification systems,the development of management mechanisms promoting effective community participation and the development of standards for ecotourism practices.This paper uses questionnaires,a field investigation and interviews to examine the obstacles influencing the sustainable development of ecotourism in nature reserves,taking three nature reserves in Liaoning Province to serve as examples.The study found that there are two kinds of obstacles to the sustainable development of ecotourism in nature reserves.The first group of obstacles all represent common problems in China including:(1)environmental education is ignored;(2)community participation occurs on an ad hoc basis;(3)tourism management is not rigorous;(4)nature reserve administration is in a state of confrontation with local governments and residents.The second group of obstacles consists of specific problems faced by ecotourism in the three nature reserve,each of which has its own natural,social,cultural and economic environment that generate unique difficulties for ecotourism.In order to promote the healthy improvement of nature reserve ecotourism and achieve the goal of sustainable development,the research team puts forward five suggestions,developing correct understanding,striving to meet the reasonable demands of stakeholders,establishing scientific mechanisms,increasing the social responsibility of management departments of nature reserve ecotourism,and providing separate supervision and management. |
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| Keywords: | ecotourism nature reserve obstacle analysis sustainable development |
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