| 干旱环境下夏玉米各生育时期光响应特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴玮,景元书,马玉平,俄有浩,孙琳丽,郑腾飞.干旱环境下夏玉米各生育时期光响应特征[J].应用气象学报,2013,24(6):723-730. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴玮 景元书 马玉平 俄有浩 孙琳丽 郑腾飞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.南京信息工程大学，南京 210044 |
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| 基金项目： | 资助项目：中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费专项（2009Y005），公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201006027） |
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| 摘 要： | 2011年6—9月在中国气象局河北固城生态试验站借助大型电动式防雨棚及人工灌溉, 开展水分影响夏玉米生长发育的田间试验。首先进行夏玉米叶片光合作用日变化和光合作用光响应曲线的观测，然后利用不同模型拟合光响应曲线确定最适模型并提取光合特征参数，探讨土壤水分条件对不同生育时期夏玉米叶片光合特性的影响规律。结果表明:土壤水份适宜时，玉米抽雄期的光合能力最强，重度干旱时，抽雄期的光合能力降低幅度也最大，其次为乳熟期、拔节期；直角双曲线修正模型最适合描述干旱环境下的玉米光合能力光响应过程，轻度干旱使各生育时期光饱和点及最大净光合速率下降，而对光补偿点量子效率和光补偿点的影响不明显; 重度干旱下各生育时期光饱和点、最大净光合速率较轻度干旱又进一步下降，同时各生育时期光补偿点量子效率也有明显下降，而光补偿点明显上升，表明玉米叶片的强光利用能力对干旱敏感，而它的弱光利用能力对干旱响应较迟钝。
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| 关 键 词： | 夏玉米 干旱 生育时期 光响应特征 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-10-24 |
| 修稿时间： | 6/8/2013 12:00:00 AM |
Light Response Characteristics of Summer Maize at Different Growth Stages Under Drought |
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| Wu Wei,Jing Yuanshu,Ma Yuping,E Youhao,Sun Linli and Zheng Tengfei.Light Response Characteristics of Summer Maize at Different Growth Stages Under Drought[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2013,24(6):723-730. |
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| Authors: | Wu Wei Jing Yuanshu Ma Yuping E Youhao Sun Linli and Zheng Tengfei |
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| Institution: | 1.Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 2100442.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | The field experiment of drought on summer maize growth is carried out by using large electric water proof and irrigation installations. First of all, the diurnal variations of photosynthesis and photosynthesis-light response curves of summer maize leaves are measured. And then, the different models are used to fit light response curve to determine the optimal model and extract the photosynthetic parameters. Finally, the impact of soil moisture on the photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize leaves at different growth stages is discussed. The comparison of light response curve fitting by different models shows that comparing to the non-rectangular hyperbolic model and exponential model, the simulation result of modified rectangular hyperbola model is better. In particular, it can effectively simulate the downward trend of light saturated net photosynthetic rate with light intensity increased, which is more common under drought conditions. In addition, the use of modified rectangular hyperbola model can extract the quantum efficiency of the light compensation point which is the numerical uniqueness indicator of evaluation of crop light use. The photosynthetic parameter analysis shows that both light saturation point (LSP) and maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) decline in different growth stages, and quantum efficiency of light compensation point (CQY) and light compensation point (LCP) are insignificantly affected under slight drought. With the aggravation of drought, LSP and Pmax has a further decrease and CQY has a significant decline while LCP had a great increase under severe drought condition. The comparison of different growth stages show that LSP and Pmax decline largest in jointing stage, second in tasselling stage and least in milky maturity stage under slight drought. LSP and Pmax decrease by 24.1% to 43.7% and 9.3% to 46.1%. LSP and Pmax decline largest in tasselling stage, the second in milky maturity stage, the least in jointing stage under severe drought. LSP and Pmax decrease by 12.3% to 33.6% and 48.5% to 62.2%. In addition, observations show that photosynthetic and transpiration rate of summer maize leaves at different growth stages both decline under drought. The comparison of different growth stages show that photosynthetic and transpiration decline largest in tasselling stage, second in jointing stage and least in milky maturity stage under slight drought. With the aggravation of drought, photosynthetic and transpiration still decline largest in tasselling stage, but second in milky maturity stage, and least in jointing stage. Water use efficiency of maize leaves at different growth stages are relatively large under suitable soil water condition (2.8—4.5 μmol·mmol-1), and slight drought (2.6—4.2 μmol·mmol-1). Relative to tasselling and milky maturity stage, water use efficiency of maize leaves in jointing stage is the largest. |
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| Keywords: | summer maize drought growth stages light response characteristics |
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