| 华北平原地下水灌溉对区域气候影响的数值模拟 |
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| 引用本文： | 武利阳,左洪超,冯锦明.华北平原地下水灌溉对区域气候影响的数值模拟[J].气象学报,2018,76(4):635-648. |
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| 作者姓名： | 武利阳 左洪超 冯锦明 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.兰州大学大气科学学院, 兰州, 730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目（2012CB956200）、国家重点研发计划“全球变化与应对”项目（2016YFA0600403）、国家自然科学基金项目（41475009）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 在耦合模式WRF/Noah-MP中加入考虑地下水过程的动态灌溉方案，设计两组试验（分别为考虑和不考虑地下水灌溉），连续模拟10 a（2001—2010年），来研究华北平原地下水灌溉的区域气候效应。结果表明，地下水灌溉导致华北平原地下水位下降，在少雨的季节灌溉量大，水位下降较快。在灌溉期（3—9月），灌溉引起的土壤湿度升高影响了地表能量的分配（潜热增加，感热减少），导致2 m气温显著降低0.6—1.0℃，同时也降低了灌溉区夏季模拟偏高的气温。灌溉对灌溉区边界层大气有升高湿度和冷却降温的作用，对春季的影响局限在边界层内，而夏季的影响持续到5000 m以上。夏季灌溉对降水的影响远强于春季，灌溉的升高湿度和冷却效应分别对夏季降水产生正反馈和负反馈，共同影响灌溉区的降水变化。灌溉通过对水汽输送的影响，引起非灌溉区降水的变化，而长江中下游流域夏季降水的增多可能与高空西风急流轴位置南移有关。
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| 关 键 词： | 地下水灌溉 华北平原 数值模拟 区域气候 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/6/28 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/3/9 0:00:00 |
Numerical simulation of the impacts of groundwater irrigation over the North China Plain on regional climate |
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| WU Liyang,ZUO Hongchao and FENG Jinming.Numerical simulation of the impacts of groundwater irrigation over the North China Plain on regional climate[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2018,76(4):635-648. |
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| Authors: | WU Liyang ZUO Hongchao and FENG Jinming |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China2.CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China |
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| Abstract: | In this study, a dynamic irrigation scheme that considers the groundwater processes is developed and incorporated into the Noah land surface model with multi-parameterization options (Noah-MP), which is coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Two experiments (with and without considering irrigation) are conducted to investigate the impacts of groundwater irrigation over the North China Plain on regional climate. The model is run continuously from 1 January 2001 to 1 January 2011. Results show that groundwater irrigation affects the groundwater table, which declines in the North China Plain, particularly during the dry season when the cropland needs large amounts of irrigation water. In the irrigated area, the increase in soil moisture induced by irrigation affects the partitioning of surface energy (latent heat flux increases and sensible heat flux decreases), which leads to decrease in 2 m air temperature (T2m) by 0.6-1.0℃. Therefore, the summer warm bias in T2m simulation is reduced after considering the effects of irrigation. Irrigation causes wetting and cooling in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) above the irrigated area, and these influences are confined to PBL in spring but can reach up to above 5 km in summer. The influence of irrigation on precipitation is much stronger in summer than in spring. The wetting and cooling effects of irrigation have positive and negative feedbacks on summer precipitation, respectively, which jointly affect the precipitation in the irrigated area. The influence of irrigation on water vapor transport also results in precipitation changes in non-irrigated area. The increases in summer precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River Basin may be relevant to the southward shift of the westerly jet core induced by irrigation. |
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| Keywords: | Groundwater irrigation North China Plain Numerical simulation Regional climate |
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