| 巴拿马海洋管理发展历程及其启示 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙永根,张志卫,黄沛,郭振,孙兆旭.巴拿马海洋管理发展历程及其启示[J].海洋开发与管理,2020,37(12):42-48. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙永根 张志卫 黄沛 郭振 孙兆旭 |
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| 作者单位： | 自然资源部第一海洋研究所 青岛 266061;青岛大学经济学院 青岛 266071 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国海洋发展基金会资助项目“中国-巴拿马海洋空间规划国际合作（一期）项目”. |
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| 摘 要： | 为深入了解巴拿马的海岸带与海洋管理状况，文章在梳理巴拿马资源环境现状和国家管理框架的基础上，以海事、环境、水产、港口、运河和旅游等重要涉海领域为切入点，分析巴拿马海洋领域相关管理部门的职责调整过程，并将其海洋管理发展历程划分为4个阶段。研究结果表明:巴拿马的海洋管理发展过程体现“从分散到集中、从无序到有序”的特点。一方面，海洋管理权在3个主要管理部门之间不断转移，根据管理实践而不断调整，其实质是实现海洋管理效率的最优化；另一方面，海岸带和海洋管理体系不断简化，具体的管理职能从混乱和破碎的状态逐渐转变为有机整体，使得政府机构精简、行政效率提高以及工作分工更清晰。巴拿马海洋管理的整体特征在宏观上与我国有相似之处，海洋管理是世界沿海国家都面临的问题，各国的经验或许存在差异，但实现海洋管理高效性、协调性和综合性的总体目标是一致的。
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| 关 键 词： | 巴拿马 涉海部门 海洋管理 海岸带 综合管理 |
The Marine Management Development Process of Panama and Its Enlightenment |
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| SUN Yonggen,ZHANG Zhiwei,HUANG Pei,GUO Zhen,SUN Zhaoxu.The Marine Management Development Process of Panama and Its Enlightenment[J].Ocean Development and Management,2020,37(12):42-48. |
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| Authors: | SUN Yonggen ZHANG Zhiwei HUANG Pei GUO Zhen SUN Zhaoxu |
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| Abstract: | In order to deeply understand the situation of coastal zone and marine management of Panama,this paper carried out some researches about the responsibility adjustment process related to the administrative departments from some important marine areas such as maritime,environment,aquatic,port,canal and tourism,based on analyzing the current resources and management framework of Panama.Marine management development process of Panama could be divided into four stages.The research results showed that marine management development process of Panama had a whole characteristic of reflecting from separation to concentration and from disorder to order.On the one hand,the right of marine management was constantly transferred among the 3 main administrative departments and adjusted according to the management practice.Its essence was to optimize the efficiency of marine management.On the other hand,the coastal zone and marine management system of Panama had been continuously simplified,and the specific management functions had gradually changed from chaotic and broken state to organic whole state,streamlined the government agencies,raised the administrative efficiency and made the division of work clearer.There were some similarities about overall characteristics of marine management between Panama and China on the macroscopic.Marine management was one of the common problems for coastal countries in the world.Though our experiences may have differences from country to country,the overall goals of marine management efficiency and comprehensive coordination were the same. |
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