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| 宗日遗址人骨的稳定同位素分析 | |
| 引用本文： | 崔亚平,胡耀武,陈洪海,董豫,管理,翁屹,王昌燧.宗日遗址人骨的稳定同位素分析[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(4):604-611. |
| 作者姓名： | 崔亚平 胡耀武 陈洪海 董豫 管理 翁屹 王昌燧 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系科技考古研究室,合肥,230026 2. 中国科学院研究生院人文学院科技史与科技考古系,北京,100049 3. 西北大学考古系,西安,710069 |
| 基金项目： | 中国科学院知识创新工程项目;教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金 |
| 摘 要： | 利用C和N稳定同位素分析方法研究了青海宗日遗址先民的食谱,探讨了先民的经济模式以及食谱变化趋势。所有人骨骨胶原中的C,N含量以及C/N摩尔比,均表明样品保存较好,可用作食谱分析。骨胶原的δ13 C值和δ15 N值分析显示,先民主要以C4类植物为食,也摄取一定量的肉食,反映了以粟、黍等为主食而渔猎为辅的生活方式。性质未明墓葬与宗日墓葬之间存在的较大食谱差异,可能与其来自不同文化密切相关。宗日遗址在发展过程中,先民食谱中C4植物增加而肉食类减少,反映了农业加狩猎采集的混和经济模式向稳定农业模式转变的趋势。 |
| 关 键 词： | 宗日遗址 稳定同位素分析 古食谱 粟和黍 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-7410（2006）04-604-08 |
| 收稿时间： | 2005-12-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-03-02 |
STABLE ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS ON HUMAN BONES FROM ZONGRI SITE |
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| Cui Yaping,Hu Yaowu,Chen Honghai,Dong Yu,Guan Li,Weng Yi,Wang Changsui.STABLE ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS ON HUMAN BONES FROM ZONGRI SITE[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(4):604-611. | |
| Authors: | Cui Yaping Hu Yaowu Chen Honghai Dong Yu Guan Li Weng Yi Wang Changsui |
| Institution: | Laboratory of Archaeometry, Department of History of Scientific &;;Technology and Archaeometry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026; Department of Scientific History and Archaeomety, School of Humanities, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049; Department of Archaeology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069 |
| Abstract: | The Zongri Site is located on the north side of the Huanghe River, between two villages Kaligang and Banduo of the Bagou Township, Tongde County, Qinghai Province. Zongri Site was firstly considered as the western most site of the Majiayao Culture. However, with the excavation going on, more and more evidence showed that it might represent a new kind of archaeological remain. Numerous potteries were found with a particular style (Zongri Style) which was completely different from that of the Majiayao, and the unique pronely extended burial of the body which is common in these tombs is rare in both Majiayao and other contemporary cultures. Sites with similar characteristics have been discovered along the the Huanghe River and its branches in the Gonghe Basin. They therefore, together with the Zongri Site were proposed to be a relatively independent culture called the Zongri Culture which is dated to 5200~4100aB.P. according to the tree-ring correction of 14 C dating and periodization by potteries. In the area of the Zongri Site, there are altogether 341 tombs being discovered. Among them 175 have been definitely identified as belonging to the Zongri Culture, while others with their age tentatively undetermined. Those Zongri Culture tombs can be classified into three periods due to the assemblage of the buried potteries. 24 human bone samples were collected from both determined tombs (18) and undetermined tombs (5, among which M32 is a joint burial tomb, with 2 samples collected). The human diet from the Zongri Site was investigated by stable isotopic analysis on these bones. In general, all samples are well-preserved. Their C/N (mol ratio) ranges from 3.16 to 3.23 which is within the standard (2.9~3.6), they are thus believed to be uncontaminated and can be used as palaeodietary indicators. Stable isotopic analysis on these samples(δ13 C: -12.20 ‰ ~-8.49 ‰ and δ15 N: 7.59 ‰ ~9.23 ‰ )shows that C4 plants (mainly millet) was the main food and animal proteins are also detectable. The source of animal proteins may come from hunting, fishing and/or domestic animals. Ample mammal bones and bone tools especially fishhooks unearthed demonstrates that hunting/fishing was one of the livelihoods of the inhabitants. However, it is hard to estimate the contribution of domestic animals due to the lack of data on related work about live stock. The average value and standard deviation of δ13 C and δ15 N of the 6 samples of undetermined culture are -11.62±0.43 ‰ and 8.18±0.16 ‰ . In the scatter plot, five of them(M32,M32:D,M251,M80,M41:A)are in the district of low δ13 C and δ15 N while M272 is different. In the cluster plot, those five samples are clustered together, indicating their big diet difference from that of the Zongri Culture samples. It could be concluded that M272 belongs to the Zongri Culture, while M251,M32:D,M80 and M41:A do not, which completely accords with the results from other archaeological means. The dietary analysis can be thus a reference to distinguish different cultures. The palaeodietary trend reveals that C4 plants was the main food of the inhabitants through out the history of the Zongri Culture, and its proportions in diet increased gradually from the first period to the third, respectively of 81.8 ％ , 84.4 ％ , and 85.7 ％ (Fig.3a). On the contrary, δ15 N value decreased with the periods, of 8.72 ‰ , 8.47 ‰ , and 8.10 ‰ (Fig.3b) respectively, revealing a less and less consumption of meat. The changes of C4 plant prototion and δ15 N value indicate the gradually enhanced dry farming and declined activities of hunting and fishing, which is contradicting the former proposal that the Zongri Culture tended to develop pasturage but agrees that the millet-planting agriculture was still the main economic pattern of the inhabitants. |
| Keywords: | Zongri Site stable isotopic analysis palaeodiet millet |
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