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1.
东南沿海台风风暴潮增水过程中非线性机制和地形的作用研究:以1509号台风"灿鸿"为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文基于FVCOM（Finite Volume Community Ocean Model）构建了一个覆盖中国渤海、黄海和东海的数值模型，采用NCEP-CFSR风场数据对1509号台风“灿鸿”产生的风暴潮进行模拟，与实测水位数据的对比表明该模型可靠、模拟结果合理。基于此模型，本文对非线性作用和地形在风暴潮增水过程中的作用进行了研究。首先，重点分析了增水过程中潮汐与风暴潮的非线性作用，结果表明：高潮时非线性作用使增水值降低；低潮时非线性作用使增水值升高。另外，开边界处分别只添加M2、S2和K1分潮，分析天文潮的潮高和周期对非线性作用的影响，结果表明：潮高越高，非线性作用越明显；半日潮的非线性作用较全日潮更明显；并且，增水极值附近出现的半日周期的波动也与非线性作用有关。其次，除了非线性作用，地形对风暴潮的增水也有一定影响，本文改变地形的实验结果表明：坡度越大，增水极值越小。琉球群岛的存在使得东南沿海出现风暴潮增水的面积减小，但使得风暴潮增水的高值区域扩大。 相似文献
2.
Ａｎａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｎｇｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｍｐｌｉｃｉｔ（ＡＤＩ）ｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒｔｗｏ－ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｈｙｄｒｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓ￥ＰａｎＨａｉａｎｄＦａｎｇＧｕｏｈｏｎｇ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＤｅｃｅｍｂｅ... 相似文献
3.
宁德地区是我国受风暴潮影响较为严重的区域之一,同时也是宁德核电站等众多沿海大型工程所在地.鉴于该区域特殊的地理位置和海洋灾害的严重性,以宁德核电站为中心,对该区域所面临风暴潮风险的特征参数进行全面、综合的定量评估,包括潮汐特征、平均海平面变化、台风和风暴潮基本特征,特别是可能最大风暴潮的计算.研究结果表明,该区域10%超越频率的天文潮高、低潮位分别为355、-341 cm;平均海平面变化速率为0.162 cm/a;千年一遇的台风中心气压约为895h Pa,该气压时的最大台风风速半径为40 km.在进行大量敏感性实验的基础上,对台风移速、移向和风暴增水/减水的关系,以及增水和减水的差异就行了详细的研究,得出:台风增水主要是由移向在305°左右(295°~315°)、路过核电站下方(核电站以南)的台风引起,且增水随台风移速增大而增大;可能最大台风风暴增水由路径经过核电厂址南40 km的台风(移向295°、移速28 km/h)引起,最大台风增水值为526.8 cm;对于可能最大台风减水而言,最有利于台风风暴减水的移向在355°~360°和0°~15°之间,其中可能最大台风减水为-301.9 cm,由移向5°、移速30 km/h、路径经过核电厂址南30 km(0.75台风最大风速半径)的台风引起. 相似文献
4.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2001,48(6):1375-1399
Semidiurnal tides, and especially the lunar tide M2, are dominant dynamics in the Bay of Biscay. Strong tidal currents are associated with the presence of a significant continental slope. By combining Newton's gravitation laws and Euler's equations, Laplace's equations contain the astronomical forcing responsible for the observed semidiurnal tides. In shallow waters, this direct forcing is often neglected. We study here its influence on the tidal dynamics over the continental slope through the development of a simple model describing the barotropic semidiurnal dynamics on a transect perpendicular to the slope. This new model results from the combination of two different models, i.e. the one developed by Rosenfeld and Beardsley (1987), which takes into account the tide-generating force, and that of Battisti and Clarke (1982), which neglects it. A first model is developed by neglecting the direct astronomical forcing in equations: it consists in solving a second-order homogeneous propagation equation for the barotropic semidiurnal tide and needs only coastal conditions as well as the knowledge of the along-slope wave number of the solution. For a mean slope typical of the South Brittany area, this non-forced model provides results in accordance with those of Battisti and Clarke and Le Cann (1990): in particular, in the upper part of the slope, it shows a polarization inversion of tidal ellipses characteristic of the tidal dynamics observed in this area. Then, the direct astronomical forcing is kept in equations. The simple model developed without this forcing is fitted in order to solve the resulting forced propagation equation for the barotropic tide. The solution of this second model is the sum of a forced wave responding to the direct astronomical forcing and of a free wave generated at the coastal boundary. Under the same boundary conditions, the results obtained with the influence of the tide-generating force are then compared with those obtained without it. This comparison allows one to apprehend the importance of the direct astronomical forcing on tidal dynamics across the slope: in particular, the main difference appears in deep waters where this forcing induces a phase-lag between the plain and the shelf for the sea-surface slope. 相似文献
5.
A. N. Lukyanova A. V. Bagaev V. A. Ivanov V. B. Zalesny 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(6):624-631
The Black Sea shelf is a region of intense manifestation of various dynamical processes. Under the influence of different natural forces, eddy-wave phenomena develop here, which influence the general circulation of sea waters, biological productivity, and the condition of the engineering structures. Modern numerical models allow us to simulate and analyze the processes of the joint dynamics of marine circulation and large-scale waves. In this work, we study the spatiotemporal spectral characteristics of the sea level and velocity fluctuations formed due to atmospheric forcing and tidal potential. The hydrophysical fields are calculated using the Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences (INM RAS), σ model based on primitive equations. We use the CORE data as atmospheric forcing at the sea surface; the tidal potential is described by the semidiurnal lunar constituent M2. Analyzing the simulation results makes it possible to emphasize that accounting for the semidiurnal tidal potential not only improves the accuracy of the sea-level calculation at coastal stations, but also generates subinertial baroclinic oscillations previously found in the Black Sea from the data of in situ observations. 相似文献
6.
It is known from data analysis that periodic fluctuations are obviously present in theprocess curve representing a storm surge in either the Huanghai Sea or the East China Sea,which has been obtained on the basis of the difference-estimating method. Apart from long-wave effects by storm disturbance, there is a nonlinear interaction between storm surge and 相似文献
7.
The structure, evolution, and breaking of a tidal internal wave on a steep shelf are discussed on the basis of the data of temperature measurements. The bottom slope at the measurement site is close to the critical slope for a tidal wave. The tidal wave and other waves are inclined coastward. The tidal-wave amplitude increases monotonically with increasing horizon depth. The tidal wave is nonlinear in amplitude and turns over on the outer shelf. On the inner shelf, the internal wave is close in shape to rectangular and generates harmonics of its own. The harmonics make the tidal wave steeper and form solitary rises similar to bilateral bores. All these features ensure a more rapid sink for the internal-tide energy. 相似文献
8.
一个稳态Kalman滤波风暴潮数值预报模式 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
利用Kalman滤波资料同化技术将海洋站水位观测资料融入二维线性风暴潮模式中,研制具有资料同化能力的风暴潮预报模式,改进风暴潮模式计算结果.通过在风暴潮模式的动量方程中加入模式噪声项来修正模式本身和气象强迫力的不确定性.确定性模式的输出通过带有观测噪声的观测方程与可利用的海洋站的潮位观测资料联系起来.假定初始的模式噪声和观测噪声满足均值为0的高斯分布,用迭代法得到计算区域的状态向量的稳态Kalman滤波,进而得到风暴潮模式输出的最优线性校正结果.利用这种资料同化技术,对1956年发生在东海的一次强风暴潮过程进行了后报试验,结果表明,该同化方法对短期风暴潮水位后(预)报有一定的改进. 相似文献
9.
用三维陆架海模式(HAMSOM)对浙江近海的潮汐、潮流进行了数值模拟,并采用网格嵌套和动边界技术对原模式作了改进,以提高计算的精度,改进后的模式在浙江近海的应用中被证明是成功的.沿岸50个潮位站计算与实测值的比较表明,加入动边界以后的小区域细网格计算较之粗网格以及未加动边界以前精度普遍提高,比较的均方差结果为:M2分潮振幅差4.6cm,相角差7.14°;S2分潮振幅差5.0cm,相角差5.4°;K1分潮振幅差2.25cm,相角差5.76°;O1分潮振幅差1.56cm,相角差5.5°,可见计算与实测符合良好.另外,选取了105个实测潮流点,比较了表层M2和K1分潮流调和常数分量Ucosξ,Usinξ,Vcosη,Vsinη的实测值与计算值的偏差,结果表明计算与实测的符合程度较好.在此基础上,给出了各主要分潮的潮位同潮图、潮流同潮图、潮汐性质、潮流性质、潮流椭圆和潮流的运动形式等,发现4个主要分潮M2,S2,K1,O1在本区内均未出现无潮点;M2分潮流在29°18'N,122°46'E处有一个圆流点.此外还得到了一些有意义的结论,都与实测情况符合良好,从而对整个浙江沿海区域的潮汐潮流特性有了一个全面认识. 相似文献
10.
Open coast storm surge water levels consist of a wind shear forcing component generally referred to as wind setup; a wave setup component caused by wind-induced waves transferring momentum to the water column; an atmospheric pressure head component due to the atmospheric pressure deficit over the spatial extent of the storm system; a Coriolis-forced component due to effects of the rotation of the earth acting on the wind-driven alongshore current at the coast; and, if astronomical tides are present, an astronomical tide component. Astronomical tide is considered to be predictable and, therefore, not a meteorological driven component of storm surge although there may be interaction between the tide and meteorological driven water levels. Typically the most important component of storm surge on the US East Coast and Gulf of Mexico shorelines is the wind setup component. The importance of inland flooding due to the wind setup component of storm surge is considered herein with special reference to the effect of subaerial slope on inland flooding where three different linear slopes are considered and storm surge is calculated for the region above still water level, using an analytic solution. The present study findings show that the inland storm surge from the wind setup component can be of considerable importance and lead to significantly higher storm surges than found for storm surge at the still water level intersection of the beach/land. It is shown that mild slopes can lead to very high water levels at the land–water interface (i.e. above the still water level intersection of the beach). 相似文献
11.
作为半封闭狭长海湾,铁山湾受风暴潮灾害的影响较为严重。根据多年观测资料和数值模型对铁山湾内的风暴潮水位特征进行了研究。观测资料表明海湾内风暴潮峰值水位受天文潮相位影响较为显著,然后基于ADCIRC风暴潮模型和1409号“威马逊”台风参数,定量评估了天文潮对风暴潮水位的影响。模拟结果表明当考虑天文潮作用时,会显著提高模拟结果精度,然后通过数值实验研究了风暴潮与不同相位天文潮相互作用时的水位变化特征。数值实验结果表明天文潮-风暴潮相互作用引起的非线性水位在涨潮阶段不明显,在高潮位时非线性水位达到负值最大;在落潮时达到正值最大。风暴潮增水峰值由于受到这种非线性效应的影响,在高潮位时数值最小。海湾内非线性作用要远大于外部,非线性效应越强,总水位峰值相对于天文潮高潮位的延迟时间也就越长。 相似文献
12.
选择20个对舟山海域有较大影响的历史台风案例,开展定海站实测潮位数据的分析与归纳,总结得出20个台风中风暴潮过程增水最大值为5612号台风的207.1 cm,风暴潮高潮位最大值为9711号台风的283.7 cm。同时,在三维斜压水动力模型SELFE的基础上加入台风气压场和风场模块,建立了一个采用非结构三角形网格的天文潮-风暴潮耦合模型,模拟表明定海站的斜压效应较为明显,非线性耦合作用相对较弱,但两潮耦合风暴潮增水结果仍优于风暴潮单因子增水结果,与实际增水更为接近。在此基础上,以一定间隔在5612号台风原路径南北两侧各设计了2条平行路径,分别模拟两潮耦合风暴潮增水,结果表明5612号台风参数沿其原路径偏南1个最大风速半径距离的S1路径运动时可模拟得到定海站可能最大风暴潮增水为243.9 cm。最后,在S1路径下模拟可能最大风暴潮增水分别遭遇天文高、中、低潮位时的风暴潮高潮位,结果表明天文潮高潮时可得到可能最大风暴潮高潮位约为400 cm,天文中潮时次之,而天文低潮时风暴潮高潮位最低。 相似文献
13.
A numerical study on the impact of tidal waves on the storm surge in the north of Liaodong Bay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
KONG Xiangpeng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(1):35-41
A storm surge is an abnormal sharp rise or fall in the seawater level produced by the strong wind and low pressure field of an approaching storm system.A storm tide is a water level rise or fall caused by the combined effect of the storm surge and an astronomical tide.The storm surge depends on many factors,such as the tracks of typhoon movement,the intensity of typhoon,the topography of sea area,the amplitude of tidal wave,the period during which the storm surge couples with the tidal wave.When coupling with different parts of a tidal wave,the storm surges caused by a typhoon vary widely.The variation of the storm surges is studied.An once-in-a-century storm surge was caused by Typhoon 7203 at Huludao Port in the north of the Liaodong Bay from July 26th to 27th,1972.The maximum storm surge is about 1.90 m.The wind field and pressure field used in numerical simulations in the research were derived from the historical data of the Typhoon 7203 from July 23rd to 28th,1972.DHI Mike21 is used as the software tools.The whole Bohai Sea is defined as the computational domain.The numerical simulation models are forced with sea levels at water boundaries,that is the tide along the Bohai Straits from July 18th to 29th（2012）.The tide wave and the storm tides caused by the wind field and pressure field mentioned above are calculated in the numerical simulations.The coupling processes of storm surges and tidal waves are simulated in the following way.The first simulation start date and time are 00：00 July 18th,2012; the second simulation start date and time are 03：00 July 18th,2012.There is a three-hour lag between the start date and time of the simulation and that of the former one,the last simulation start date and time are 00：00 July 25th,2012.All the simulations have a same duration of 5 days,which is same as the time length of typhoon data.With the first day and the second day simulation output,which is affected by the initial field,being ignored,only the 3rd to 5th day simulation results are used to study the rules of the storm surges in the north of the Liaodong Bay.In total,57 cases are calculated and analyzed,including the coupling effects between the storm surge and a tidal wave during different tidal durations and on different tidal levels.Based on the results of the 57 numerical examples,the following conclusions are obtained：For the same location,the maximum storm surges are determined by the primary vibration（the storm tide keeps rising quickly） duration and tidal duration.If the primary vibration duration is a part of the flood tidal duration,the maximum storm surge is lower（1.01,1.05 and 1.37 m at the Huludao Port,the Daling Estuary and the Liaohe Estuary respectively）.If the primary vibration duration is a part of the ebb tidal duration,the maximum storm surge is higher（1.92,2.05 and 2.80 m at the Huludao Port,the Daling Estuary and the Liaohe Estuary respectively）.In the mean time,the sea level restrains the growth of storm surges.The hour of the highest storm tide has a margin of error of plus or minus 80 min,comparing the high water hour of the astronomical tide,in the north of the Liaodong Bay. 相似文献
14.
《中国海洋工程》2020,(1)
The numerical method of lines(MOLs) in coordination with the classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta(RK(4, 4))method is used to solve shallow water equations(SWEs) for foreseeing water levels owing to the nonlinear interaction of tide and surge accompanying with a storm along the coast of Bangladesh. The SWEs are developed by extending the body forces with tide generating forces(TGFs). Spatial variables of the SWEs along with the boundary conditions are approximated by means of finite difference technique on an Arakawa C-grid to attain a system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs) of initial valued in time, which are being solved with the aid of the RK(4, 4)method. Nested grid technique is adopted to solve coastal complexities closely with least computational cost. A stable tidal solution in the region of our choice is produced by applying the tidal forcing with the major tidal constituent M2(lunar semi-diurnal) along the southern open-sea boundary of the outer scheme. Numerical experimentations are carried out to simulate water levels generated by the cyclonic storm AILA along the coast of Bangladesh. The model simulated results are found to be in a reasonable agreement with the limited available reported data and observations. 相似文献
15.
Neural network prediction of a storm surge 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The occurrence of storm surge does not only destroy the resident's lives, but also cause the severe flooding in coastal areas. Therefore, accurate prediction of storm surge is an important task during the coming typhoon. Conventional numerical methods and experienced methods for storm surge prediction have been developed in the past, but it is still a complex ocean engineering problem which many factors, including the central pressure of typhoon, the speed of the typhoon, the heavy rainfall, coastal topography and local features influence the variation of storm surge. In fact, this problem is still a complex nonlinear relationship that can not solved efficiently by these two methods. Therefore, this paper presents an application of the neural network for forecasting the storm surge. The original data of Jiangjyun station in Taiwan will be used to test the performance of the present model. The results indicate that the neural network can be efficiently forecasted storm surge using the four input factors, including the wind velocity, wind direction, pressure and harmonic analysis tidal level. 相似文献
16.
建立东海-黄海-渤海大范围风暴潮二维数学模型,对9216台风风暴潮过程进行模拟,分析渤海湾造陆工程前后风暴潮增水对海河流域主要河口(海河口、永定新河口和独流减河口)闸下区域最高潮位的影响,并探讨有效降低河口闸下通道内风暴潮潮位的开发方式。研究表明:渤海湾围填海工程实施后,闸下通道内维持自然地形时,通道内最高潮位高于工程前;闸下通道实施地形开挖后,通道内最高潮位依然高于工程前,但较自然地形条件下抬高幅值有所减小。闸下通道结合开发建设港池航道等工程实施地形开挖,使得通道内水深增加,可降低通道内风暴潮增水幅度。 相似文献
17.
以实验室二维温带风暴潮数值模型为基础,综合考虑海洋潮波动力与风应力联合作用,建立温带风暴潮三维数值计算模型.模型从推导三维风暴潮基本控制方程出发,并应用交替方向隐格式(ADI)方法对方程进行离散求解.对于浅水动边界,模型采取局部深槽、缩小水域的活动边界处理方法.利用拟三维数值计算方法,并提出了非平面水深等分模式和平面等水深分布模式,应用这两种计算模式分别对渤海湾2009年5月8～10日发生的风暴潮过程进行了数值模拟.将风暴潮位计算结果和增水位计算结果与塘沽验潮站的实际观测数值进行对比验证,结果显示受风应力与潮波联合作用的风暴潮位和增水位与实测数据吻合良好;通过比较得到了平面等水深分布模式的计算成果要比非平面水深等分模式的计算成果更接近观测资料的结论,为风暴潮预报提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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根据湍流封闭理论,建立一种适用于正压浅海湍流运动的雷诺应力封闭模型(RSM),以代替目前三维浅海动力学模型中普遍采用的湍粘性系数的传统假设。通过直接建立并模化f—平面上正压海洋的雷诺应力传输方程,分别得到的微分形式和代数形式的RSM方程组。并讨论了进行数值计算所需要的边界条件。利用该模型可以进一步研究浅海潮流、风暴潮流及风海流等浅海流动的三维结构和湍流特性。 相似文献