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11.
利用真三轴岩爆试验系统,开展了不同饱水度红色粗晶花岗岩的岩爆试验,分析了不同饱水度下岩爆破坏岩样的强度与变形特征、破坏与弹射特征、声发射特性等,探讨了岩石饱水度与岩爆弹射动能的定量关系以及水对岩爆的影响机制。研究结果表明：（1）当岩样的相对饱水度超过0.3,其峰值应力和屈服应力较天然状态的明显降低;（2）岩样饱水度的增加使得岩爆过程中小颗粒弹射减少、小岩片剥落增多、岩板外鼓现象减弱,且岩爆坑体积减小、岩爆碎块的粒径分布由连续分布变为不连续分布;（3）随饱水度的增加,岩爆发生前夕声发射撞击数显著下降的平静期的总历时呈缩短趋势,岩爆发生时刻的声发射撞击数呈增大趋势,且累积绝对能量呈减小趋势、能量释放速度呈放缓趋势,表明岩样塑性破坏特性有所增强;（4）岩爆弹射动能随饱水度的增大而显著减小,二者呈单调线性的负相关关系,水对岩石的作用主要是软化和水楔作用,水的黏性也会对碎块弹射产生影响。 相似文献
12.
Size and strain rate are two key factors that dramatically influence the estimation of rock mechanical behaviors. To better understand the effects of size and strain rate on measured rocks, rock specimens with six different sizes were tested at six different strain rates under uniaxial compression using the MTS 815 Rock Mechanics Test System. Having determined that the size and strain rate significantly affect the peak strain, peak stress, elastic modulus, acoustic emission (AE), and failure pattern of the rock specimens, the relation was established between the strength and the size and strain rate of red sandstone. And the variation was revealed among the size and strain rate, the AE, and the failure pattern. It turned out that the peak stress was negatively correlated with the rock size and was positively correlated with the strain rate. When the length to diameter ratio (L/D) of the rock specimen was less than 2.0, the AE appeared mildly. The AE quantities gradually increased before the peak stress, and then sharply decreased after the peak stress. The failure pattern of the rock specimen was relatively complicated, with a fracture plane appearing along the axial direction. Conical failure type was also presented. When the L/D ratio of the specimen was greater than 2.0, the AE characteristics of red sandstone showed the radical model. There were relatively few AE rings before the peak stress. But the AE rings increased suddenly and dramatically during the peak stress. The rock specimens primarily failed with a single shear plane. Moreover, with an increase in the strain rate, the AE activities were enhanced and the AE quantities increased. When the strain rate of the rock specimen was less than 5.0?×?10?4/s, the rock specimen failed with a shear or tensile-shear pattern. And when the strain rate was greater than 5.0?×?10?4/s, the rock specimen tended to fail in a conical pattern. 相似文献
13.
详细介绍了所研制的岩石多功能剪切试验测试系统的主要功能、技术指标和仪器组成,并开展了一系列相关力学试验。该试验测试系统主要包括试验装置、测量系统和控制系统3部分,最大法向拉伸应力为40 MPa,最大法向压缩应力为120 MPa,最大水平剪切应力为120 MPa,试样尺寸为50 mm?50 mm?50 mm;可开展多种力学试验,包括直接拉伸试验、直接剪切试验、拉伸-剪切试验和压缩–剪切试验。利用该试验测试系统对花岗岩进行试验研究,研究结果表明：直接拉伸试验中,试样发生脆性破坏,声发射信号瞬间达到峰值,破坏断面表现出拉伸破坏特征;直接剪切试验中,试样发生多次破坏,破坏瞬间声发射信号均发生突增,破坏断面表现出剪切破坏特征;拉伸-剪切试验中,试样在拉应力作用下剪切强度显著降低,声发射信号在破坏阶段表现强烈,破坏断面既有拉伸破坏特征也有一定的剪切破坏特征。上述力学试验结果,表明了所研制的岩石多功能剪切试验测试系统能够开展多种力学试验,为进一步研究岩石的剪切力学特性提供新的测试手段。 相似文献
14.
锦屏大理岩真三轴岩爆试验的渐进破坏过程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了查明高储能岩体快速卸荷变形破坏机制,设计了锦屏大理岩岩爆试验,对岩爆试件的宏观破坏特征、声发射过程等进行研究。根据以往真三轴岩爆试验特征进行了全程和非全程试验,记录其过程及声发射特征。对比分析两者的宏观破坏特征,解释了岩爆试验的渐进破坏过程。试验结果表明：在大理岩岩爆试验中,岩石试件的宏观破坏是由表及里的;张性裂纹的出现要早于剪切裂纹,剪切裂纹搭接相邻的张性裂纹（或临空面）形成圈闭,圈闭内的岩石碎块出现剥离或以一定初速度弹射;剪切面上岩粉的存在意味着剪切裂纹萌生扩展过程伴随着大量弹性应变能的释放;与其他的岩爆分类和机制相比,岩爆渐进破坏观点能够较好地解释岩爆机制。 相似文献
15.
Much research has been conducted on the influence of rock burst mechanisms and temperature on the mechanical properties of hard rock while research on the effect of temperature on rock bursts is scarce. Therefore, this paper focuses on Rock Burst Proneness Index tests and acoustic emission (AE) tests under the action of high temperature. It was found that the Rock Burst Proneness Index and the AE energy will rise as the temperature rises. It means that the degree of rock burst is increasing instead of decreasing with rising temperature. The research results revealed the temperature effect of rock burst in long deep tunnels under a certain thermal stress condition, which is helpful for explaining the rock burst disaster in tunnels at high ground temperature. 相似文献
16.
通过开展含预制单裂隙花岗岩的真三轴单面临空岩爆试验,并利用高速摄像系统和声发射（acoustic emission,简称AE）系统监测岩爆过程,探究了不同产状裂隙岩石的破坏模式、强度变形和声发射演化特性,分析了裂隙产状与岩爆过程及弹射动能之间的关系,对比了含裂隙岩石岩爆发生机制与无裂隙完整岩石的差异。有关力学特性的分析表明,随着裂隙倾角的减小,岩样破坏模式大体呈现由“内剪外劈”向“Z型斜剪”变化的趋势,裂隙对岩石强度的削弱作用不断增大。当裂隙倾角小于30°时,岩石峰值应力普遍仅为完整岩样的一半左右;小倾角裂隙的长度越大,岩样岩板劈裂现象变得显著,形成岩爆坑略微变大,且强度折减幅度越大,峰值轴向应变相应变小;裂隙位置向临空面靠近会加剧岩板的劈裂效应,塑性阶段普遍会产生较大变形并萌生大量裂纹,当裂隙已出露且切断临空面将不易形成岩爆坑。有关岩爆过程及弹射动能的分析表明,随着裂隙倾角的减小,岩样弹射动能呈现先显著降低后小幅回升的变化规律,30°倾角为转变拐点;岩样内部裂隙距临空面越近,裂隙岩样的弹射动能越小;树脂填充裂隙使得岩样弹射动能极大提升,而水泥填充的则无明显提升。有关声发射特征的分析表... 相似文献
17.
能量相互转化过程的综合作用导致了岩石破坏,而其破坏的根本原因是岩石中储存的应变能的释放。对中低应变率加载条件下岩石尺寸效应能量特征的研究结果表明：花岗岩破坏时吸收的总能量U、弹性应变能Ue以及损伤应变能Ud均随试件尺寸的增长而降低;岩石强度与岩石中储存的能量有关,尤其与弹性储能有关,即弹性应变能愈高,岩石强度越大;试件长度由50 mm 变为125 mm时,弹性储能逐渐降低,岩石破坏形态从劈裂破坏变为剪切破坏,大尺寸时局部化变形明显。能量是不同应变率加载条件下岩石破坏细微观及宏观特征存在差异的内在动力;亦是导致岩石强度存在尺寸效应的本质动因。 相似文献
18.
结合当前我国矿井高强度快速推采的现状,系统分析了双轴加载速率对大尺寸岩体破裂的影响规律。以山东能源济宁矿区深部岩体所处的复杂环境为背景,确定了与深部岩体力学特性相似的混合砂浆材料的最优配比。采用自主研发的岩石应力-渗流耦合真三轴试验系统和美国生产的PCI-2声发射系统,分析了双轴加载下加载速率对大尺寸试样破裂的影响规律,揭示了加载过程中单裂隙和双裂隙试样的破裂和声发射行为特征。研究表明:当加载速率为1.5 kN/s时,单裂隙试样在剪切作用下易起裂形成反翼裂隙;试样双裂隙的岩桥倾角越大,越有利于试样的加速破坏,产生的声发射事件数较少,表现出岩体破裂的突变性。 相似文献
19.
深埋大理岩力学特性对岩爆发生条件的影响分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
岩爆作为深埋地下工程围岩的一种破坏方式,其发生条件受多种因素的制约。根据在锦屏二级深埋隧洞掘进过程中的岩爆统计结果,即使应力条件和岩体强度达到一定的要求,岩爆发生与否以及剧烈程度还与岩体力学特性有密切的联系。锦屏二级深埋隧洞沿线以大理岩为主,为此开展了大理岩力学特性与岩爆发生关系的相关研究工作。根据大理岩三轴压缩试验结果,验证了大理岩的脆-延-塑转化特性,确定了锦屏白山组大理岩的转化围压和相关的Hoek-Brown强度参数,并利用经验的方法初步评价了锦屏深埋大理岩的岩爆风险。为了进一步明确岩体力学特性对岩爆风险的影响,利用现场实际的岩爆破坏形态,通过考察不同深度处测点的应力路径,校核了现场岩体的力学参数。在此基础上分析了具有岩爆风险的围岩力学状态,分别研究了岩石强度、岩体完整性和岩体脆性特征对岩爆发生条件的影响。研究结果表明,锦屏大理岩岩石强度和脆性特征可以影响到锦屏深埋隧洞围岩岩爆风险程度,但其影响相对较小,而岩体完整性对岩爆风险形成具有比较明显的影响。 相似文献
20.
Influence of Unloading Rate on the Strainburst Characteristics of Beishan Granite Under True-Triaxial Unloading Conditions 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
X. G. Zhao J. Wang M. Cai C. Cheng L. K. Ma R. Su F. Zhao D. J. Li 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(2):467-483
Rockburst is a sudden and violent failure of rocks and it often occurs in hard rocks in highly stressed ground. Strainburst is classified as one type of rockburst and it often occurs in rocks near or at the excavation boundary. Deep insight into the strainburst phenomenon is essential for safe underground construction at depth. In this paper, an experimental laboratory study on the strainburst behavior of Beishan granite is presented. Based on in-situ stress measurement data from the Beishan area in China, a series of tests under different unloading rates were performed to investigate the strainburst process using a true-triaxial strainburst test system which was equipped with an acoustic emission (AE) monitoring system. In addition, a high-speed video camera was used to record and visualize the initiation and ejection of rock fragments as well as the sudden dynamic failure (strainburst) of the test samples. AE characteristics associated with the cumulative energy and frequency–amplitude distributions were analyzed. Characteristics of the microscopic structure of a fragment generated from one test were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The experimental results indicate that the degree of violence during failure and the associated AE energy release in the strainburst process are dependent on the unloading rate. When the unloading rate is high, the rock is prone to strainburst. On the other hand, as the unloading rate decreases, the failure mode changes from strainburst to spalling. In addition, the cumulative AE energy is not sensitive to unloading rates greater than 0.05 MPa/s. When the unloading rate is less than 0.05 MPa/s, the cumulative AE energy shows a marked decreasing trend during rock failure. 相似文献