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1.
Many coastal lakes were inundated by both the Storegga tsunami (7000 14C yr BP) and the mid-Holocene sea-level rise (the Tapes transgression) in western Norway. The tsunami eroded lake bottoms and deposited graded and/or massive beds of sand, rip-up clasts, and coarse plant material. By contrast, when the rising sea entered the lakes, it deposited only gyttja, silt and fine sand, without causing much erosion of the underlying lake sediments. Storegga tsunami deposits in some coastal lakes were interpreted previously as ordinary marine sediments from the Tapes transgression. Our reinterpretation of these deposits shows that the transgression maximum phase was reached after 6500 yr BP, more than 1000 yr later than previously inferred for the coast of Sunnmøre. The new data cannot be combined in a shoreline diagram without showing the 6000 yr BP and 7000 yr BP shorelines as slightly warped. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
Sequences of wave-enhanced sediment-gravity flows (WESGFs) have been widely recognized in the marine shelf environment. In this study, we show observations of WESGF deposits in lacustrine settings using well core and thin section data from the Paleogene in the Jiyang sub-basin, Bohai Bay basin, eastern China. The findings of this study include the following: 1) the sequence of WESGFs in the lacustrine basin is similar to that of marine; it consists of three units, MF1 unit: siltstone with basal erosion surface, MF2 unit: silt-streaked claystone, and MF3 unit: silty-mudstone; and 2) prodelta sand sheets are found in the lacustrine WESGF sequence and are classified as the MFd unit: clay-streaked siltstone. However, because the system size and variability in hydrodynamic conditions are different between the lacustrine and marine basins, lacustrine WESGFs do appear to have three distinguishable features: 1) the sediment grain size and sand content are slightly higher than those of the marine WESGFs; 2) lacustrine WESGFs may contain prodelta sediments or sedimentary sequences of other types of gravity flows, such as hyperpycnal flows; and 3) the scale of the sedimentary structures for lacustrine WESGFs is smaller. The WESGFs found in the continental lacustrine basin provide a new model for sediment dispersal processes in lake environments and may be helpful to explain and predict the distribution of sandy reservoirs for oil and gas exploration. 相似文献
3.
Evidence for mid- to late-Holocene palaeotsunami deposits,Kakawis Lake,Vancouver Island,British Columbia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Gloria I. López 《Natural Hazards》2012,60(1):43-68
Kakawis Lake situated four metres above sea level on western Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, was the target of
a palaeotsunami investigation. Six percussion cores recovered from this lake contain six anomalous deposits interbedded within
the unconsolidated lacustrine sediments. Detailed sedimentological, geophysical and macro-fraction analyses were performed.
The methods new to palaeoseismic approaches proved to be successful tools to characterize the anomalously coarse layers enriched
in terrestrial plant detritus and marine shells. Based on at least eight types of evidence, six tsunami inundations are suggested
as mechanisms responsible for the anomalous deposition, spanning from 3,634 to 2,534 cal yrs BP. Each tsunami event consists
of a combination of different lithological facies resulting from different stages of tsunami inundation and settling of the
material in the lake basin (pulses and inter-pulses). Tsunami deposits in lakes are shown to be less vulnerable to erosional
and bioturbation processes than those found in marshes or beaches as well as underwater marine environments. However, few
palaeoseismic studies have been carried out in low-elevation lakes along the Cascadia Subduction Zone region. The three last
tsunami events known to have inundated areas along the Pacific shores of southern British Columbia, Canada and northern USA
are not present at Kakawis Lake, establishing a current <4 m above mean sea level vertical limit as possible maximum tsunami
height for areas located away from fjord heads on Vancouver Island. The anomalous deposits found in Kakawis Lake may be the
oldest geological evidence of inferred tsunami on Vancouver Island, providing a possible recurrence interval between 200 and
400 years. 相似文献
4.
Tsunami sedimentary facies deposited by the Storegga tsunami in shallow marine basins and coastal lakes, western Norway 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Sedimentary successions in small coastal lakes situated from 0 to 11 m above the 7000 year BP shoreline along the western coast of Norway, contain a distinctive deposit, very different from the sediments above and below. The deposit is interpreted to be the result of a tsunami inundating the coastal lakes. An erosional unconformity underlies the tsunami facies and is traced throughout the basins, with most erosion found at the seaward portion of the lakes. The lowermost tsunami facies is a graded or massive sand that locally contains marine fossils. The sand thins and decreases in grain size in a landward direction. Above follows coarse organic detritus with rip-up clasts, here termed ‘organic conglomerate’, and finer organic detritus. The tsunami unit generally fines and thins upwards. The higher basins (6–11 m above the 7000 year shoreline) show one sand bed, whereas basins closer to the sea level 7000 years ago, may show several sand beds separated by organic detritus. These alternations in the lower basins may reflect repeated waves of sea water entering the lakes. In basins that were some few metres below sea level at 7000 years BP, the tsunami deposit is more minerogenic and commonly present as graded sand beds, but also in some of these shallow marine basins organic-rich facies occur between the sand beds. The total thickness of the tsunami deposit is 20–100 cm in most studied sites. An erosional and depositional model of the tsunami facies is developed. 相似文献
5.
Wei Kuisheng Li Daliang Zhang Shoupeng Hao Yunqing Department of Energy Geology China University of Geosciences Beijing Du Zhenchuan Department of Energy Resomces Geology Hebei Technology University Handan Zong Guoho 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(4)
INTRODUCTIONSequence stratigraphy, an efficient technique for both thebasin analysis and the prediction of hidden oil and gas reser-voir, was traced to seismic stratigraphy founded in l977, andnow has become a separate academic discipline after years ofamendments. In the 26th AAPG, the sedimentary se(1[I(>ncewas defined and the seismic stratigraphy technique was estaI)-lished to characterize and interpret seismic reflection scction.The sequence stratigraphy was emphasized to confirm and… 相似文献
6.
滩坝砂体由于经历了湖浪作用的反复淘洗物性良好,成为近年来石油勘探界关注的热点。通过对我国最大的内陆湖泊（青海湖）现代沉积特征的实地考察,从沉积环境、水动力及沉积特征等诸多方面建立了滨岸滩坝沉积的综合鉴别特征,指出低角度冲洗交错层理、反粒序（滩）、正粒序（坝）以及不含泥质等特征是识别滩坝砂体的典型标志。分析结果表明:物源—水动力—湖盆底形—湖岸线—湖平面（基准面）是决定青海湖滩坝是否发育（形成+保存）的主控因素,其中物源为滩坝形成提供了物质基础,水动力为沉积物改造及滩坝形成提供了源动力,湖盆底形与湖岸线决定了滩坝形成的平面位置与规模范围,湖平面（基准面）的升降变化决定了已形成滩坝沉积保存与否的地质命运。陆源滩坝砂体的形成较为容易,但保存较难,只要具备物源、湖盆底形及水动力等基本条件,低位域、高位域及湖侵域都可能形成滩坝砂体,但只有位于长期基准面旋回早期或三级层序湖侵期的滩坝沉积才能得到较好的保存。这对我国陆相盆地岩性油气藏勘探开发具有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
7.
G. Shanmugam 《Natural Hazards》2012,63(1):5-30
There has been a lively debate since the 1980s on distinguishing between paleo-tsunami deposits and paleo-cyclone deposits using sedimentological criteria. Tsunami waves not only cause erosion and deposition during inundation of coastlines in subaerial environments, but also trigger backwash flows in submarine environments. These incoming waves and outgoing flows emplace sediment in a wide range of environments, which include coastal lake, beach, marsh, lagoon, bay, open shelf, slope and basin. Holocene deposits of tsunami-related processes from these environments exhibit a multitude of physical, biological and geochemical features. These features include basal erosional surfaces, anomalously coarse sand layers, imbricated boulders, chaotic bedding, rip-up mud clasts, normal grading, inverse grading, landward-fining trend, horizontal planar laminae, cross-stratification, hummocky cross-stratification, massive sand rich in marine fossils, sand with high K, Mg and Na elemental concentrations and sand injections. These sedimentological features imply extreme variability in processes that include erosion, bed load (traction), lower flow regime currents, upper-flow regime currents, oscillatory flows, combined flows, bidirectional currents, mass emplacement, freezing en masse, settling from suspension and sand injection. The notion that a ??tsunami?? event represents a single (unique) depositional process is a myth. Although many sedimentary features are considered to be reliable criteria for recognizing potential paleo-tsunami deposits, similar features are also common in cyclone-induced deposits. At present, paleo-tsunami deposits cannot be distinguished from paleo-cyclone deposits using sedimentological features alone, without historical information. The future success of distinguishing paleo-tsunami deposits depends on the development of criteria based on systematic synthesis of copious modern examples worldwide and on the precise application of basic principles of process sedimentology. 相似文献
8.
WILFRED H. THEAKSTONE 《Sedimentology》1976,23(5):671-688
Sediments deposited in a lake at the front of a glacier in the Svartisen area, Norway, have been studied between 1957 and 1974. Until 1959, they were almost completely covered by an outwash plain (sandur), but subsequent erosion has exposed glacial lake sediments more than 70 m deep within a rock basin about 2·5 km long and 1 km wide. The basin was filled by sand and silt carried from beneath the glacier Austerdalsisen by two rivers, each of which deposited a delta in the lake. As the deltas advanced, laminated pro-delta silt was covered by crossbeds of fine sand and silt, and by near-horizontal sheets of fine sediments laid down between the delta-fronts and the distal end of the rock basin. Although both slumping and loading caused minor disturbance of sediments at the lake floor, deformation was of local significance only. Movement of a mass of sediment across the floor, probably triggered by a ‘seismic event’ related to movement of the glacier or to calving at the floating tongue, created a recumbent fold in laminated sand and silt, but transfer of sediment over the lake bed was rare once it had been deposited. Varves are not common at Austerdalsisen, indicating that water temperature, lake chemistry or variations of water and sediment discharge from the glacier were unfavourable for their formation; rhythmic deposition from density flows of sediments carried from beneath the glacier rarely occurred within the Austerdalsisen basin. 相似文献
9.
A detailed assessment of the impact of a far-field tsunami on the Australian coastline was carried out in the Steep Point
region of Western Australia following the July 17 2006 Java tsunami. Tsunami inundation and run-up were mapped on the basis
of eyewitness accounts, debris lines, vegetation damage and the occurrence of recently deposited fish, starfish, corals and
sea urchins well above high-tide mark. A topographic survey using kinematic GPS with accuracies of 0.02 m in the horizontal
and 0.04 m in the vertical recorded flow depths of between 1 and 2 m, inundation of up to 200 m inland, and a maximum recorded
run-up of 7.9 m AHD (Australian Height Datum). The tsunami impacted the sparsely populated Steep Point coastline close to
low tide. It caused widespread erosion in the littoral zone, extensive vegetation damage and destroyed several campsites.
Eyewitnesses reported three waves in the tsunami wave train, the second being the largest. A sand sheet, up to 14 cm thick
and tapering landwards over 200 m, was deposited over coastal dunes. The deposits are predominantly composed of moderately
well-sorted, medium-grained carbonate sand with some gravel and organic debris. A basal unconformity defines the boundary
between tsunami sediments and underlying aeolian dune sand. Evidence for up to three individual waves is preserved as normally
graded sequences mantled by layers of dark grey, organic-rich fine silty sand. Given the strong wind regimes in the area and
the similarity of the underlying dune deposits to the tsunami sediments, it is likely that seasonal erosion will remove all
traces of these sediment sheets within years to decades. 相似文献
10.
尤因塔盆地P. R.泉位于美国犹他州东北部,油砂资源丰富,油砂矿藏面积约650 km2,油砂储量约6. 76 × 108 t,储层为始新统绿河组湖泊三角洲相砂体。晚白垩世到古近纪拉拉米运动使盆地由海相转变为陆相盆地。古新世末-始新世,尤因塔湖在盆地内分布广泛,并沉积了两套巨厚的绿河组烃源岩。其中绿河组上部的中始新统烃源岩厚达150 m,有机质丰富,且仍处于低熟阶段,约30 Ma 以来,产生了大量的低熟油。P. R.泉油砂矿藏为斜坡降解型成藏模式,发育5 套广布的三角洲砂体,储层物性好。绿河组上部烃源岩生成的低熟油沿着深入烃源岩中的连续砂体经过长距离的运移,进入 P. R.泉绿河组三角洲的砂岩储层中,经过生物降解和水洗作用最终形成油砂矿藏。 相似文献
11.
陆相湖盆与海洋环境不同,具有水体浅、能量弱、湖进湖退频繁等特点。综合应用高精度层序地层学和地震沉积学等关键技术,通过中国东部及中西部典型陆相湖盆的勘探实践、野外露头解剖和现代沉积考察,总结了陆相湖盆三角洲—滩坝复合砂体的分布模式,并提出了复合砂体地质编图法。研究结果表明:(1)陆相湖盆的“湖—陆过渡沉积体系”不仅发育分流河道,还发育河口坝和沿岸砂坝,这些不同时期的分流河道、河口坝和沿岸砂坝交织叠加在一起,在古代地层和现代沉积中得以保存;(2)地形平坦处,水体浅、波浪作用不强、河流作用为主,形成河道砂体;湖岸较陡处,波浪作用强,分流河道砂体被波浪改造,形成沿湖岸分布的滩坝砂体;(3)在高频湖平面变化背景下,岸线的迁移导致沉积坡折的迁移,形成了多期垂直于岸线分布的树枝状三角洲分流河道砂体,和多期平行于岸线呈带状分布的沿岸滩坝砂体相互交织的陆相湖盆三角洲—滩坝复合砂体的特殊结构;(4)复合砂体地质编图法基于传统单因素法,以复合砂体分布模式为指导,主要针对发育在水体较浅、地形平坦开阔背景下的陆相湖盆三角洲—滩坝砂体。 相似文献
12.
湖泊三角洲的地层模式和骨架砂体的特征 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
大型湖泊三角洲主要形成于淡水或微咸水湖的滨岸地带。湖泊三角洲的突出特征是以分流河道砂体为骨架,河口坝沉积不发育.笔者按地层特征将湖泊三角洲分为两种基本类型:一种是缺乏完整进积序列的薄的浅水台地型三角洲,另一种是进积序列较完整的巨厚的深水盆地型三角洲。前者发育在基底稳定.水深很浅的滨岸带,后者是三角洲推进到有巨厚泥质充填物的深盆地区的产物。在大型湖盆中,随着盆地的充填作用,三角洲体系可以在空间上从“浅水”型向“深水”型过渡,在时间上从“深水”型向“浅水”型连续地演变。 相似文献
13.
通过对若尔盖盆地进行野外考察,在盆地中部黄河唐克段右岸发现了包含深湖相的河岸沉积物,进行了细致的地层观测和系统年代学样品采集。在实验室利用光释光和AMS14C测年技术建立了年代框架,并结合各个层次的地层沉积相宏观特征和理化性质,分析探讨了若尔盖盆地内部从末次冰期古湖消亡以来的环境和地表过程变化规律。研究结果表明：古黄河在37 ka沿着玛曲断陷谷地溯源侵蚀,沟通了若尔盖古湖水系,盆地内部在30.9 ka之前为深湖环境,稳定地沉积了蓝灰色湖相淤泥层。30.9 ka之后,黄河贯穿若尔盖湖盆内部,古湖水外泄消失,原有的古湖水系转变成为黄河源水系。黄河从湖盆上游远距离搬运携带来的浊黄橙色泥沙大量沉积,覆盖了古湖相沉积层,湖盆内部风沙作用盛行。在末次冰盛期（Last Glacial Maximum, LGM）,盆地内部松散沉积物普遍地受到冰缘冻融作用的改造,形成了冻融褶皱现象。到了14.6~12.5 ka,响应B/A（B?lling-Aller?d）时期的温暖气候,盆地周边山地冰川消融,冰融水汇入盆地,古湖盆底部各种浅洼地形成了大小不等的浅湖,沉积了滨浅湖相的沙层。在12.5~11.7 ka,对应于全球性新仙女木（Younger Dryas,YD）事件,盆地气候再次变冷,转变为冰缘冻土环境,盆地内部滨浅湖相的沙层受到冻融作用和古地震扰动,形成复式褶皱现象。进入全新世,在11.7~4.8 ka气候逐渐变得温暖湿润,古湖盆底部浅洼地积水成为淤泥质沼泽环境,在全新世中后期4.8~1.8 ka则转变成为沼泽草甸环境,在1.8 ka之后,盆地内沼泽面积收缩,风沙活动盛行,河岸台地的近源沙尘暴沉积物经过成壤改造形成亚高山草甸黑土类现代土壤。 相似文献
14.
Abstract Spectacular sedimentary structures recently found in the Molasse Basin (Oligocene–Miocene) in southern Germany were produced by soft‐sediment deformation under highly unusual conditions. These large, apparently wedge‐like structures –‘loading fractures’– cut down into beds of marl and are filled with coarse sand and intraclasts of shale. Wrapping the sides of the structures is a thin, continuous bed of layered dark claystone – the ‘DCB’. The upper and lower layers of this bed are an organic‐rich clay; the middle layer is a laminated quartzite. The precursor of the DCB was a lacustrine gyttja rich in diatom frustules. It was supersaturated in silica as it was buried. Subsequent diffusion of oxygen into this gyttja at a burial depth of only a few metres resulted in the formation of Liesegang laminae of quartz. These laminae grew and amalgamated, forming the layer of laminated quartzite. The sediments overlying the DCB were eventually removed by erosion, probably in a high‐energy marine environment. This erosion cut down to the DCB but was unable to penetrate it. The DCB remained exposed on the sea floor until a sudden depositional event occurred – the deposition of a 2·5 metre thick bed of coarse sand with shale intraclasts. Although the DCB had been able to resist the submarine erosion, it could not support the load of this new bed. The quartzite layer in it therefore fractured, transferring that load down onto the underlying, still‐unconsolidated marl. The intraclast‐rich sands were forced down into this marl, carrying ahead of them the partly broken remains of the DCB. 相似文献
15.
近年来频发的海啸灾害造成巨大损失,而红树林具有很好的减小海啸灾害的作用。实验采用PVC圆管来概化模拟红树林,以无黏性沙堆砌而成1/10~1/20组合坡概化岸滩,选取孤立波模拟海啸波。实验结果表明,红树林的存在对岸滩剖面变化产生了较大影响,适当增加植物分布密度,并优化植物的分布方式,可有效减小海啸波对岸滩的冲刷危害。在本次实验条件下,得到了岸滩冲刷坑尺度、淤积沙坝尺度、最大冲刷深度、最大淤积高度与红树林的分布方式和密度、海啸波波高、泥沙比重和岸滩坡度之间的关系式,揭示了沙质岸滩剖面变化与红树林、海啸波水动力特性、泥沙颗粒、岸滩坡度之间的内在联系,为减小海啸灾害提供科学依据。 相似文献
16.
The late Permian to Triassic sediments of the Solway Basin consist of a layer-cake succession of mature, predominantly fine-grained red clastics laid down in semi-arid alluvial plain to arid sabkha and saline marginal marine or lacustrine environments. The Cumbrian Coastal Group consists of Basal Clastics and Eden Shales. The Basal Clastics are thin regolith deposits resting unconformably on all-underlying units and are composed of mixtures of angular local gravel and far-transported fine to very fine-grained sands deposited as basal lag. The Eden Shales are predominantly gypsiferous red silty mudstones, with thin very fine-grained sandstone beds, and with thick marine gypsum beds at the base, deposited at a saline lake margin. The overlying Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group consists of the Annan and Kirklinton Sandstones. The Annan Sandstones are predominantly thick-bedded, multi-storied, fine-grained mature red quartz sandstones in which coarse sand is practically absent despite channels with clay pebbles up to 30 cm in diameter. The overlying, predominantly aeolian, Kirklinton Sandstones consist of festoon cross-bedded and parallel-laminated fine-grained sandstones, almost identical to the Annan Sandstones except that mica and clay are absent. The Stanwix Shales, located above, consist of interbedded red, blue and green mudstones, siltstones, and thin very fine-grained sandstones, with gypsum layers. Although the entire succession can plausibly be interpreted as deposited in a large desert basin opening into a hypersaline marine or lacustrine embayment to the southwest, the uniformly fine-grained nature of the succession is unusual, as is the absence of paleosols, and body and trace fossils. There is almost no coarse sand even in the river channel units, and it seems likely that the basin was not only extremely arid but supplied predominantly by wind rather than water. 相似文献
17.
A distinctive Shell and Sand Sheet found beneath the marine ponds of Anegada, British Virgin Islands, was formed by a post-1650 AD overwash event, but its origin (tsunami or hurricane) was unclear. This study assesses the taphonomic characters of the shell and large clast material (>2?mm) to determine its provenance and origin. Pond-wide stratigraphic units (Shelly Mud, Shell and Sand Sheet, Mud Cap) were analyzed (12 samples) at four sites in Bumber Well and Red Pond along with eight samples from the Shell and Sand Sheet in a 2-km transect of Bumber Well. Mollusks in the pond muds include Anomalocardia spp. and cerithids with no allochthonous shells from the offshore reef-flat. Results show that the shells and clasts (>2?mm) are derived from the erosion and winnowing of the underlying Shelly Mud of the former marine pond, forming a distinctive sheet-like deposit with Homotrema sand. The Shell and Sand Sheet contains articulated Anomalocardia bivalves and moderate numbers of angular fragments (approximately 35%) that are likely from crab predation. Radiocarbon dates of articulated Anomalocardia specimens from the Shell and Sand Sheet range widely (approximately 4000?years), with shell condition (pristine to variably preserved) showing no correlation with age. The articulated condition of the bivalves with the wide-ranging dates suggests erosion and winnowing of the underlying Shelly Mud but minimal transport of the bivalves. The Shell and Sand Sheet has taphonomic characteristics indicative of a widespread tsunami overwash (sheet-like extent and articulated specimens) but lacks allochthonous reef-flat shells. Reef-flat shell material may not have penetrated the pond, as a tsunami would have to cross the reef-flat and overtop high dunes (2.2?m) hindering transport of larger shell material but allowing the Homotrema sand to penetrate. Processes including hurricane overwash, pond wave action, or tidal channel opening and closure are not favoured interpretations as they would not produce extensive sheet-like deposits. Taphonomic analysis is hampered by the limited (400?C500?years BP) depositional history from Anegada??s ponds and the lack of comparative data from other Caribbean locations. 相似文献
18.
晚更新世晚期呼包盆地环境演化与地貌响应 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
对大青山山前台地沉积地层剖面的沉积学、年代学研究结果表明,晚更新世晚期呼包盆地环境发生过两次重大转变。约47-28kaB.P.的呼包盆地湖泊水位一直维持着较高的水平,湖相沉积沿河伸入大青山内;约28kaB.P.以后,湖泊逐渐退缩,山区及山前地带沉积特征转为以河流加积为主,并一直维持到约22kaB.P.;此后山区河流由加积转变为下切,最大下切深度达100m。断裂两侧的地貌分析表明,在约22kaB.P.之前大青山山前断裂的构造活动不明显;约28kaB.P.的湖泊-河流转换事件是与区域性的气候变化有关。约22kaB.P.的环境突变事件主要由大青山山前断裂的构造活动引起,其垂向活动速率约为4-6mm/a;晚更新世晚期以来大青山山前断裂的稳定时期对应呼包盆地的湖相环境时期,而断裂的强烈活动时期对应气候的冷干时期。 相似文献
19.
Evidence of lacustrine sedimentation in the Upper Permian Bijori Formation, Satpura Gondwana basin: Palaeogeographic and tectonic implications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Upper Permian Bijori Formation of the Satpura Gondwana basin comprising fineto coarse-grained sandstone, carbonaceous
shale/mudstone and thin coal bands was previously interpreted as the deposits of meandering rivers. The present study documents
abundance of wave ripples, hummocky and swaley cross-stratification and combined flow bedforms in the Bijori Formation, suggesting
that a significant part of the formation was deposited in a wave-agitated environment. Evidence of near-emergent depositional
conditions provided by repeated occurrence of rootlet beds and hydromorphic paleosols, local flooding surfaces denoting rapid
fluctuation of water level, occurrences of temnospondyl vertebrate fossils, and absence of tidal signatures and marine fossils
suggest a lacustrine rather than marine depositional regime. Five facies associations recognised within the Bijori Formation
are inferred to represent fluvial channels and associated floodplains (FA1), lake shorelines (FA2), subaqueous distributary
channels and associated levees (FA3), waveand storm-affected delta front (FA4), and open lacustrine/lower shoreface (FA5)
deposits. The planoconcave fluvial channel-fill sandbodies with unidirectional cross-beds are clearly distinguishable from
the delta front bars that show a convexo-plan or bi-convex sandbody geometry and dominance of wave and combined flow bedforms.
Some of the distributary channels record interaction of fluvial and wave-dominated basinal processes. Major distributary sandbodies
show a north to northwest flow direction while wave-affected delta front sandbodies show very complex flow patterns reflecting
interaction between fluvial discharge and wave processes. Wave ripple crest trends show that the lake shoreline had an overall
east-northeast to west-southwest orientation. The lack of documented contemporaneous lacustrine or marine sediments in the
Satpura Gondwana basin posed a major problem of basin-scale palaeogeographic reconstruction. The existence of Bijori lake
solves the problem and the lake is inferred to have acted as repository for the contemporaneous alluvial drainage. Development
of the large Bijori lake body implies generation of accommodation space exceeding the rate of sediment supplied and thus represents
locus of high tectonic subsidence. Transition of fluvial sediments with red mudstone and calcareous soil profile in the lower
part of the succession to carbonaceous shale and coal-bearing lacustrine sediments in the upper part, denote a change from
a warm semi-arid climate with seasonal rainfall to a more humid one. 相似文献
20.
利用岩芯、薄片鉴定、粒度分析、录井及测井解释等资料和手段,对四川盆地川西坳陷上侏罗统遂宁组沉积特征进行研究。结果表明,川西坳陷在遂宁组沉积时期处于稳定坳陷阶段,沉积作用明显受周期性洪水注入影响,形成“洪水-漫湖”沉积体系。“洪水-漫湖”沉积主要发育冲积扇、曲流河、曲流河三角洲和湖泊4个沉积相和若干个沉积微相,其沉积具有以下特征:①频繁的湖平面升降,形成砂泥互层的地层叠加样式;②缺乏大面积分布的半深湖-深湖沉积;③河流相为主要的沉积类型;④湖盆具有多物源、多期漫湖、满盆含砂的沉积特点。“洪水-漫湖”是川西坳陷遂宁组一种沉积充填新模式,对指导油气勘探具有重要的理论和实践意义。 相似文献