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1.
The study was carried out in order to determine the net infiltration in the Gran Sasso Massif, central Italy, a typical central
Mediterranean karstic hydrogeological system. It relied on the Thornthwaite water-budget method, which was modified in order
to account for the local hydrological setting. The changes to the method were as follows: (1) use of the curve-number (CN)
method of the US Soil Conservation Service to estimate runoff; (2) addition of runoff to the water budget of endorheic areas;
and (3) assessment of snow melt in mountain areas. The analysis of net infiltration in individual land units in extensive
and complex groundwater systems, such as the Gran Sasso, is a useful tool for the indirect study of groundwater flow. The
generalized direction of Gran Sasso groundwater flow is toward the south, i.e., from the areas with the highest net infiltration
to the areas with the lowest net infiltration, where the largest springs are located at low altitude. The average annual net
infiltration, estimated by the above method, is 506 mm/year, i.e., about 53% of the average annual rainfall (945 mm/year).
The results of the Gran Sasso water budget, obtained by the modified Thornthwaite method integrated with the CN method, are
considered to be satisfactory because the computed inflows (17.3 m3/s) and the measured outflows (17.4 m3/s), which are estimated for a period of about 40 years (1950–1990), are very similar.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
2.
淮北平原降雨入渗补给系数随地下水埋深变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水文地质参数对地下水资源评价起着至关重要的作用。其中,降雨入渗补给系数是影响浅层地下水水量、水质的重要参数。它对研究区域水量转化和水量平衡也十分重要。但是由于受降雨量、土壤类型、植被、地下水埋深等诸多因素的影响,准确判断降雨入渗补给系数存在很大困难。如果没有考虑这些因素的影响,尤其是降雨量和地下水埋深的影响,所推求的降雨入渗补给系数就会存在较大误差。结合安徽省淮北平原区五道沟水文实验站观测的降雨量、地下水补给量、地下水水位资料,利用两种不同的方法推求了不同降雨量等级的次降雨入渗补给系数。根据统计学理论研究了不同降雨量条件下,次降雨入渗补给系数随地下水埋深变化的分布规律,建立了次降雨入渗补给系数与地下水埋深的回归模型,并进行了相应的检验。研究表明,在控制地下水埋深的条件下,次降雨入渗补给系数随地下水埋深的变化符合指数分布;在地下水位自由变动的条件下符合伽玛分布。 相似文献
3.
为研究黄土丘陵沟壑区多种因素对撂荒草地入渗特征的影响,采用野外自然降雨观测法,研究不同降雨特征（降雨量、平均雨强、降雨历时和最大30 min雨强（I30））、土壤前期含水量、坡长（10 m、20 m、30 m、40 m和50 m）和植被盖度条件下土壤入渗特征差异,通过灰色关联度法判断影响撂荒草地入渗特征的主导因子。结果表明:①入渗量随降雨量、降雨历时和I30增加而增大（R2>0.55,P < 0.01）;入渗补给系数随降雨量、I30和平均雨强增大而减小（R2>0.12,P < 0.05）;平均入渗率随降雨强度、I30增加而递增（R2>0.53,P < 0.01）。②入渗量和平均入渗率随前期含水量增加而减少,入渗补给系数随之增加而增大（R2>0.13,P < 0.05）。③入渗量、入渗补给系数和平均入渗率总体随坡长增加而增大（R2>0.56,P < 0.01）,但在坡长30 m和40 m之间存在临界坡长。④在入渗效率较高的情况下,植被对土壤入渗的影响并不显著,降雨特征和坡长成为主导因子。 相似文献
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5.
为研究黄土丘陵沟壑区多种因素对撂荒草地入渗特征的影响,采用野外自然降雨观测法,研究不同降雨特征（降雨量、平均雨强、降雨历时和最大30 min雨强（I30））、土壤前期含水量、坡长（10 m、20 m、30 m、40 m和50 m）和植被盖度条件下土壤入渗特征差异,通过灰色关联度法判断影响撂荒草地入渗特征的主导因子。结果表明：①入渗量随降雨量、降雨历时和I30增加而增大（R2>0.55,P<0.01）;入渗补给系数随降雨量、I30和平均雨强增大而减小（R2>0.12,P<0.05）;平均入渗率随降雨强度、I30增加而递增（R2>0.53,P<0.01）。②入渗量和平均入渗率随前期含水量增加而减少,入渗补给系数随之增加而增大（R2>0.13,P<0.05）。③入渗量、入渗补给系数和平均入渗率总体随坡长增加而增大（R2>0.56,P<0.01）,但在坡长30 m和40 m之间存在临界坡长。④在入渗效率较高的情况下,植被对土壤入渗的影响并不显著,降雨特征和坡长成为主导因子。 相似文献
6.
利用包气带环境示踪剂评估张掖盆地降水入渗速率 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
降水入渗补给速率是干旱半干旱地区地下水资源评价和保护中的重要参数。长期以来在河西走廊中游盆地地下水资源评价中,一直认为地下水位埋深>5m的地带难以产生降水入渗补给。本文在黑河流域中游的张掖盆地分别选择沙丘区和裸地区,综合运用包气带同位素和水化学信息,开展了降水入渗补给研究。包气带氯质量平衡法结果表明:现代气候条件下,张掖盆地地下水位埋深>5m的地带仍存在降水入渗补给,在沙丘覆盖区,地下水位埋深6.3m时,降水入渗补给速率为13.3～14.4mm/a,入渗系数0.10～0.11;在裸地区,地下水位埋深8.6m时,降水入渗补给速率为16.8～18.4mm/a,入渗系数0.13～0.14。 相似文献
7.
降水和人工灌溉是黑河中游浅层地下水重要的补给来源。长期以来入渗补给量评价采用经验参数法,但没有成熟的监测方法和实证数据。采用人工溴示踪法研究黑河中游不同灌溉条件和不同深度条件下的地下水入渗补给规律。结果表明:研究区大气降水条件下包气带溴离子含量峰值年均运移距离为21.25 cm,年平均入渗补给量为11.93 mm,入渗补给系数为0.1;大水漫灌条件下包气带溴离子含量峰值年均运移距离为86.51 cm,年平均入渗补给量为148.7 mm,入渗补给系数为0.16;小水漫灌条件下包气带溴离子含量峰值年均运移距离为46.35 cm,年平均入渗补给量为 53.81 mm,入渗补给系数为0.07;滴灌条件下年包气带溴离子含量峰值年均运移距离为41.72 cm,年平均入渗补给量为52.6 mm,入渗补给系数为0.11。人工溴示踪剂应投放在包气带水分单向入渗下行区,一般西北内陆盆地在地表3 m以下为宜。此研究成果可为黑河流域地下水资源评价提供实证参数,对西北内流盆地地下水水资源量与合理开发利用的科学认识具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
降水量与地下水补给量的关系分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
降水入渗补给是地下水的主要补给源，研究降水与地下水的关系，主要是分析由于降水垂直入渗引起的地下水位的变化。本文主要通过对降水入渗机理、影响水入渗的因素、降水入渗补给量计算的研究，分析降水量与地下水补给量的关系。 相似文献
9.
This study aims to estimate artificial recharge of groundwater by using remote sensing technology, geographical information systems, and groundwater surveys. This study is part of the King Fahd project for rainfall and runoff water harvesting, within the premises of Alilb Dam in Diriyah to the west of Riyadh. Digital elevation models were obtained with the help of aerial photography from the year 2007. These models were used to delineate watershed. Average rainfall was calculated using isoheytal method, and the area of each of the storage lakes was measured using SPOT 5 satellite images from 2007. Fluctuations in groundwater levels, evaporation, and infiltration rates were used to determine the water balance for the purpose of estimating of artificial recharge. Artificial recharge rates were found to surpass natural recharge from rainfall. Recharge wells caused a reduction in the effect of evaporation on storage lakes and helped in supplying water to the groundwater reservoir. Moreover, 80% and 86% of the rainwater was found to be available for artificial recharge in Alilb at 2005 and 2007, respectively. The study recommends the establishment of strategic projects for water storage using artificial recharge wells, an increase in the number of monitoring wells around the dams, and the monitoring of hydrochemical changes in groundwater both before and after the artificial recharge. It also recommends the erection of a weather station in the northwest of Wadi Hanifa. 相似文献
10.
降雨入渗条件下边坡岩体饱和非饱和渗流计算 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20
简要分析了连续介质饱和非饱和渗流数学模型,并讨论了渗流有限元计算中的有关问题,同时研究了降雨入渗机理及模拟方法,在此基础上编写了非饱和渗流程序SUSC。运用该程序模拟了某边坡降雨过程渗流场的变化情况。计算结果表明,在降雨入渗作用下边坡顶部迅速被饱和,随后表面雨水逐渐向边坡深部下渗,形成从坡顶往深部压力水头等值线由高(零)→低→高的封闭现象。随着降雨的继续,边坡顶部负压区进一步缩小,且负压绝对值减小。降雨结束后,由于上部地下水的继续下渗,在边坡的一定范围、一定时间内压力水头继续升高。根据计算结果可知,局部地方的压力水头最高值出现在降雨结束2 d左右,往后整个边坡非饱和区地下水压力水头全面下降,逐渐恢复原状。模拟结果总体可靠,可作为边坡稳定性分析评价及边坡排水加固的参考依据。同时表明,运用上述饱和非饱和渗流模型及降雨模拟方法,计算降雨条件下边坡岩体的渗流场是可行的。 相似文献
11.
《China Geology》2020,3(3):462-472
The scientific field test site of rainfall-soil moisture-groundwater conversion in Dabie Mountain Area–Jianghan Plain is located in the northern region of the Jianghan Plain, the transition zone between the Dabie Mountain Area and Jianghan Plain. It’s a great field test site to study the material and energy exchange among rainfall, soil moisture, and groundwater of the Earth ’s critical zone in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas. This paper analyzed the connection between rainfall and volume water content (VWC) of soil at different depths of several soil profiles, and the dynamic feature of groundwater was discussed, which reveals the rainfall infiltration recharge of Quaternary Upper Pleistocene strata. The results show that the Quaternary Upper Pleistocene aquifer groundwater accepts a little direct rainfall recharge, while the lateral recharge is the main supplement source. There were 75 effective rainfall events among 120 rainfall events during the monitoring period, with an accumulated amount of 672.9 mm, and the percentages of effective rainfall amount and duration time were 62.50% and 91.56%, respectively. The max evaporation depth at the upper part in Quaternary cohesive soil was no less than 1.4 m. The soil profile was divided into four zones: (1) The sensitive zone of rainfall infiltration within 1.4 m, where the material and energy exchange frequently near the interface between atmosphere and soil; (2) the buffer zone of rainfall infiltration between 1.4 m and 3.5 m; (3) the migration zone of rainfall infiltration between 3.5 m and 5.0 m; and (4) the rainfall infiltration and groundwater level co-influenced zone below 5.0 m. The results revealed the reaction of soil moisture and groundwater to rainfall in the area covered by cohesive soil under humid climate in Earth ’s critical zone, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for groundwater resources evaluation and development, groundwater environmental protection, ecological environmental improvement, drought disaster prevention, and flood disaster prevention in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas. 相似文献
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Landslides are mainly triggered by decrease in the matric suction with deepening the wetting band by rainfall infiltrations. This paper reports rainfall-induced landslides in partially saturated soil slopes through a field study. A comprehensive analysis on Umyeonsan (Mt.) landslides in 2011 was highlighted. The incident involves the collapse of unsaturated soil slopes under extreme-rainfall event. Fundamental studies on the mechanism and the cause of landslides were carried out. A number of technical findings are of interest, including the failure mechanism of a depth of soil and effect of groundwater flow, the downward movement of wetting band and the increase of groundwater level. Based on this, an integrated analysis methodology for a rainfall-induced landslide is proposed in this paper that incorporates the field matric suction for obtaining hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil. The field matric suction is shown to govern the rate of change in the water infiltration for the landslide analysis with respect to an antecedent rainfall. Special attention was given to a one-dimensional infiltration model to determine the wetting band depth in the absence of the field matric suction. The results indicate that landslide activities were primarily dependent on rainfall infiltration, soil properties, slope geometries, vegetation, and groundwater table positions. The proposed methodology has clearly demonstrated both shallow and deep-seated landslides and shows good agreement with the results of landslide investigations. 相似文献
14.
本文用实测资料统计计算分析了惠北试区降雨对浅层地下水资源的补给。用非线性回归问题的迭代法，求出了雨前不同埋深条件下，次降雨与地下水位上升的关系式，并提出了能引起地下水位上升的最小次降雨量(也称临界雨量)，用本区41年的降雨资料对地下水资源的补给进行了统计计算，导出了相关性很好的年降雨量与年入渗补给量的关系式，求出了多年降雨入渗补给系数。 相似文献
15.
Groundwater levels in hard-rock areas in India have shown very large declines in the recent past. The situation is becoming more critical due to a paucity of rainfall, limited surface water resources and an increasing pattern of groundwater extraction in these areas. Consequently, the Ground Water Department with the aid of World Bank has implemented the water structuring programme to mitigate groundwater scarcity and to develop a viable solution for sustainable development in the region. The present study has been undertaken to assess the impact of artificial groundwater recharge structures in the hard-rock area of Rajasthan, India. In this study groundwater level data (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon) of 85 dug-wells are used, spread over an area of 413.59 km2. The weathered and fractured gneissic basement rocks act as major aquifer in the area. Spatial maps for pre- and post-monsoon groundwater levels were prepared using the kriging interpolation technique with best fitted semi-variogram models (Spherical, Exponential and Gaussian). The groundwater recharge is calculated spatially using the water level fluctuation method. The entire study period (2004–2011) is divided into pre- (2004–2008) and post-intervention (2009–2011) periods. Based on the identical nature of total monsoon rainfall, two combinations of average (2007 and 2009) and more than average (2006 and 2010) rainfall years are selected from the pre- and post-intervention periods for further comparisons. All of the water harvesting structures are grouped into the following categories: as anicuts (masonry overflow structure); percolation tanks; subsurface barriers; and renovation of earthen ponds/nadis. A buffer of 100 m around the intervention site is taken for assessing the influence of these structures on groundwater recharge. The relationship between the monsoon rainfall and groundwater recharge is fitted by power and exponential functions for the periods of 2004–2008 and 2008–2011 with R 2 values of 0.95 and 0.98, respectively. The average groundwater recharge is found to be 18% of total monsoon rainfall prior to intervention and it became 28% during the post-intervention period. About 70.9% (293.43 km2) of the area during average rainfall and more than 95% (396.26 km2) of the area during above-average rainfalls show an increase in groundwater recharge after construction of water harvesting structures. The groundwater recharge pattern indicates a positive impact within the vicinity of intervention sites during both average and above-average rainfall. The anicuts are found to be the most effective recharge structures during periods of above-average rainfall, while subsurface barriers are responded well during average rainfall periods. In the hard-rock terrain, water harvesting structures produce significant increases in groundwater recharge. The geo-spatial techniques that are used are effective for evaluating the response of different artificial groundwater recharge techniques. 相似文献
16.
库水和降雨直接导致水库滑坡地下水变动,是诱发滑坡的主要因素。已有研究大多是基于监测数据探讨库水与降雨对滑坡变形的影响,未能揭示水库滑坡地下水响应规律,地下水浸润线计算模型没有同时考虑降雨和库水的影响,且模型边界条件与水库滑坡实际情况差别较大。为了揭示大型水库滑坡地下水动态响应规律,需要构建更接近实际情况的地下水位浸润线计算模型。通过三峡水库石榴树包滑坡地下水动态监测,揭示了库水水位变化和降雨条件下滑坡地下水水位动态响应规律,其地下水渗流场近似层流,滑坡前缘和中部的地下水水位与库水位几乎同步,滑坡后部的地下水水位主要受降雨影响,日降雨30 mm会引发地下水水位明显变动。在周期性库水位变化和随机降雨耦合条件下,建立了滑坡地下水非稳定渗流微分方程,解算出水库滑坡地下水位浸润线计算模型,并采用实际监测结果进行了验证。应用计算模型分析了不同工况条件下的滑坡渗流场,并得出滑坡内距前缘水平距离145 m内,库水对地下水有影响;引发地下水变动的降雨和库水位变化阈值分别为0.03,0.1 m/d,且不同的条件组合下降雨和库水位对地下水水位影响存在一定差异。 相似文献
17.
许多研究已经证实了降雨引起的渗流能降低填土稳定性,特别是对于非饱和残积填土。降雨能使残积填土内形成渗流潜蚀破坏,并使地下水位和孔隙水压力发生变化,导致抗剪强度下降形成潜在破坏面,最终发生破坏。利用有限元数值分析,研究等降雨强度与降雨持续时间对于福建地区残积填土的影响,发现降雨强度变大或持续时间延长都能使残积填土内的地下水位上升,局部区域孔隙水压力增大,渗流速率也发生变化,从而影响残积填土的稳定性。另外,证实了存在降雨临界持续时间,一旦降雨持续时间超过了临界持续时间,地下水位线高度随降雨持续时间变长而降低,安全系数就转而变大。 相似文献
18.
Application of HYDRUS-1D in understanding soil water movement at two typical sites in the North China Plain 
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下载免费PDF全文 Recharge and discharge, such as rainfall infiltration and evapotranspiration in vertical direction, are major processes of water cycle in the shallow groundwater area of the North China Plain. During these processes, soil water movement in the unsaturated zone plays an important role in the transformation from rainfall infiltration to groundwater. The soil water movement models were developed by using HYDRUS-1D software at two typical experimental sites in Cangzhou (CZ) and Hengshui (HS) with different soil, vegetation and similar climate conditions. As shown in the results, the comparison in precipitation infiltration features between the two sites is distinct. The soil water experiences strong evaporation after precipitation infiltration, which accounts for 63% of the total infiltration at the HS site where the soil is homogenous. It is this strong evaporation effect that leads to slight increase of soil water storage. At the CZ site, where the soil is heterogeneous, the evaporation effect exists from July to October of the simulation period. The total evaporation accounts for 33% of the total infiltration, and the evaporation rate is slow. At the end of the simulation period, the soil water storage increases and the water table decreases, indicating a strong storage capacity at this site. 相似文献
19.
南皮县淡水资源严重短缺,制约工农业与经济社会的发展.春季开采浅层地下水包括微咸水和半咸水抗旱灌溉,腾出地下含水层空间;汛期增加降雨入渗,减少径流流失,防渍防涝,把时空分布不均的天然降雨转化为地下水资源;秋冬利用河道沟渠引蓄河水补源,淡化地下水质,增加地下水可采量.地上水地下水联合运用,保持水资源采补平衡.实现旱涝碱咸综合治理、水资源可持续利用与经济社会可持续发展. 相似文献
20.
高放废物地质处置库北山预选区地下水的形成和分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文论述北山地区不同类型地下水的形成和赋存规律。松散岩类孔隙水主要分布于沟谷和洼地，主要为潜水。沟谷潜水的形成以基岩裂隙水的侧向补给及洪流渗漏补给为主，洼地潜水可由沟谷潜水、断裂带或基岩裂隙水、古洪积扇潜水侧向补给，也可由地表洪流渗入补给；碎屑岩类孔隙-裂隙水主要分布在由自垩系或第三系砂砾石构成的山间沉积盆地中，以承压水为主，洪水下渗和盆地周围基岩裂隙水的侧向径流是此类地下水的主要补给来源；基岩裂隙水主要赋存于变质岩、岩浆岩、碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩节理、裂隙中，以潜水为主。降水垂直渗入、侧向补给或洪流渗漏补给为其主要来源。 相似文献