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1.
H.B.S. Cooke 《Quaternary Research》1973,3(2):206-220
European geologists, in general, have tended to favor a “short” chronology for the glacial Pleistocene, with four major glacial cycles in the past 500,000 or 600,000 yr. Interpretation of ocean floor sediments by Emiliani and others has accorded with this view, in contrast to the “long” chronology of Ericson and Wollin and their followers, who spread the four North American glacial episodes over a 2-m.y. period. An examination of the available radiometric dates and age estimates from paleomagnetic polarity zones serves to confirm Richmond's view that the four major European glacials do not equate with the four North American glacials in a simple one-to-one manner, but that the Illinoian matches the Elster (Mindel) rather than the Saale (Riss). The Alpine Günz is then equated broadly with the Kansan and overlaps in time with the Jaramillo normal polarity event at about 900,000 y.a. The Nebraskan is older than 1.2 m.y. and is thus coeval with the European Upper Villafranchian, within which the Donau and Biber glacial events may be traced. Montane glaciation certainly extended back into the Tertiary but cold pulses of sufficient duration to produce continental glaciation were more marked through the past 1.5 m.y. More critical studies of the terrestrial record are needed before firm correlations can be made. 相似文献
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希夏邦马峰东南富曲河谷的冰川沉积和冰川构造 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在希夏邦马峰（海拔８０１２ｍ）东南富曲河谷，中更新世以来有三次冰期；即聂拉木、富曲和普罗冰期。它们均可再分为两个亚阶段。聂拉木南的高冰碛平台长３.５ｍ，宽１.５ｋｍ，厚２００ｍ。属于中更新世聂拉木冰期（聂聂雄拉冰期）的巨大山谷冰川沉积，中尼公路从高冰碛平台尾端通过，形成数公里长的冰碛剖面，呈现出美丽多姿的冰川成因类型沉积和冰川构造现象，包括冰下，冰上融出碛，冰内.冰下河道沉积，冰湖沉积，坠碛，流磺等。冰川运动时造成的冰川构造，如断层、滑动面-…等也很清楚，代表了海洋型（暖冰川）冰川沉积和冰川构造特征，是中国目前研究冰川构造最理想的场所。 相似文献
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Using data from glacial geomorphology, tephra–soil stratigraphy and mineralogy, palynology, and radiocarbon dating, a sequence of glacial and bioclimatic stades and interstades has been identified for the last ca. 50000 yr in the Ruiz-Tolima massif, Cordillera Central, Colombia. Six Pleistocene cold stades separated by warmer interstades occurred: before 48000, between 48000 and 33000, between 28000 and 21000, from ≥16000 to ca. 14000, ca. 13000–12400, and ca. 11000–10000 yr BP. Although these radiocarbon ages are minimum-limiting ages obtained from tephra layers on top of tills, the tills are not significantly older because most are bracketed by dated tephra sets in measured stratigraphic sections. Two minor moraine stages likely reflect glacier standstill during cold intervals ca. 7400 yr BP and slightly earlier. Finally, glaciers readvanced between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. In contrast to the ice-clad volcanoes of the massif, ca. 34 km2 in area above an altitude of ca. 4800 m, the ice cover expanded to 1200 km2 during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and was still 800 km2 during Late-glacial time (LGT). Glacier reconstructions based on the moraines suggest depression of the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) by ca. 1100 m during the LGM and 500–600 m during LGT relative to the modern ELA, which lies at ca. 5100 m in the Cordillera Central. Glaciers in this region apparently reached their greatest extent when the climate was cold and wet, e.g. during stades corresponding to Oxygen Isotope Stage 3; glaciers were still expanding during the LGM ca. 28000–21000 yr BP, but they shrank considerably after 21000 yr BP because of greatly reduced precipitation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Jan Mangerud Reidar LøvlieSteinar Gulliksen Anne-Karin HufthammerEiliv Larsen Vidar Valen 《Quaternary Research》2003,59(2):213-222
Two paleomagnetic excursions, the Skjong correlated with the Laschamp (about 41,000 GISP2 yr B.P.) and the Valderhaug correlated with the Mono Lake (about 34,000 GISP2 yr B.P.), have been identified in stratigraphic superposition in laminated clay deposited in ice-dammed lakes in three large caves in western Norway. During both periods the margin of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet advanced and reached the continental shelf beyond the outermost coastline. The mild, 4000-yr-long Ålesund interstade, when the coast and probably much of the hinterland were ice-free, separated the two glacial advances. The two paleomagnetic excursions have also been indirectly identified as increased fluxes of 36Cl and 10Be in the GRIP ice core, Greenland. This article presents a correlation between ice-margin fluctuations of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet and the stratigraphy of GRIP/GISP cores, using the paleomagnetic excursions and the 36Cl and 10Be peaks and thus circumventing the application of different dates or time scales. Some of the fluctuations of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet were of the “Allerød/Younger Dryas type” in the sense that its margin retreated during mild interstades on Greenland and readvanced during cold stades. However, some fluctuations were apparently not in phase with the Greenland climate. 相似文献
5.
建议江苏采用和摒弃的地层单位名称 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《江苏地层清理项目组》以现代地层学理论为指导，经３年的工作，搜集了江苏１００多年来大量的晚太古代至第三纪地层资料。以岩石地层为主导，从近３００个地层单位名称后，经筛选，建议使用１０４个正式岩石地层单位和４个非正式岩石地层单位，对１６８个不使用的地层名称提出了理由。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地及周缘南华系、震旦系广泛发育，是揭示前寒武纪重大地质事件的重要地区之一，然而其研究程度低于华南、华北地区。早期认为塔里木盆地及周缘南华系、震旦系可划分为哈尔克山、柯坪、库鲁克塔格、铁克里克及塔克拉玛干等五个分区，由于各分区研究程度及资料之间的差异较大，且近期盆地内部钻井揭示越来越多，地层划分对比问题逐渐突出，传统分区方案面临诸多挑战。综合地质、地震等多学科资料认为，塔里木南华纪原型盆地基底、充填过程、分布统一具有南北分异的特征，区域地层格架剖面显示南华纪-震旦纪原型盆地分布于中央古隆起南北两侧，表现出北强南弱的不同地震反射特征。因此，本文以原型盆地中南、北分异的特征为原则进行地层分区，大致以现今中央隆起带南缘为界，分为北部地层分区和南部地层分区。北部可划分为东北部库鲁克塔格地层小区和西部阿克苏地层小区，其中阿克苏地层小区包括原方案中柯坪、塔克拉玛干北部、哈尔克山分区；南部初步划分出铁克里克地层小区，具体有待完善。震旦纪末期，受柯坪运动"大继承、小改造"的演化模式影响，北部地层分区广泛发育下寒武统烃源岩。因此，塔里木盆地及周缘新元古界分区新方案既符合南北不同的超大陆动力学背景，又控制下寒武统烃源岩分布，理论意义与勘探意义明显。 相似文献
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地层数据库的主要内容、对象是岩石地层剖面。分层描述的地层单元具有多种地层属性,它们均可统一在一个数据库系统之中。地层数据库总体上具层次结构。人们习惯于分地区或分时代阐述地层发育,但在地层数据库应用中以时代划分为基础的方法不太适用,而将地质时代视为地层单元的一个属性予以处理。本文提出的地层数据库基本结构方案适用于地层典或区域地层表。地层数据库的规范化一方面要求数据模型的规范化,另一方面要求数据使用的规范化或标准化。地层数据库应建立地层数据辞典,以作为名词术语标准的基础。 相似文献
10.
María Fernanda Snchez Goi Jean-Louis Turon Frdrique Eynaud Sandra Gendreau 《Quaternary Research》2000,54(3):394
Pollen, foraminifer, dinocyst, and coarse lithic high-resolution analyses and δ18O measurements have been carried out for the last-glacial section of marine core MD95-2042 located near the southwestern margin of the Iberian Peninsula. The pollen data indicate a high frequency of vegetational changes on the adjacent continent during this period, suggesting a climatic variability very similar to that of the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles recorded by the Greenland ice cores. The detailed direct correlation of the terrestrial and marine proxy data from core MD95-2042 indicates a three-phase pattern of Heinrich events in land and ocean environments. The first and last phases of the H5 and H4 events are characterized by a mild and humid climate in southwestern Europe, probably associated with the European origin of the ice-rafted detritus. The middle phase exhibits a cold and dry climate in Iberia linked with the maximum input of ice-rafted detritus. This phase seems to correspond with the Laurentide ice-sheet surges. Between the Heinrich events, several cold and dry periods on land are correlated with stades of the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles. The impact of the Dansgaard-Oeschger stades in southwestern Europe seems to be preferentially connected to the cold winter air masses reaching this mid-latitude region. 相似文献
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The evidence that has accumulated to date to support the thesis that deformational and stratigraphic controls are reflected
in the occurrence and siting of metal deposits in SE Ireland is evaluated. In the case of an important tungsten deposit, stratigraphic
influences can be seen in the geochemical and mineralogical development of wallrocks prior to crystallization of granite-hosted
mineralization. Tourmalinites, confined to a definable stratigraphic interval, are associated with pegmatite-hosted lithium
deposits. Though the stratigraphic control is important, the tungsten and lithium deposits are, in addition, confined to the
trace of a major deformation zone. 相似文献
13.
层序地层地球化学主要研究基于层序地层格架下的烃源层空间分布特征和源岩有机质的地球化学性质随层序、体系域的变化规律。以大民屯凹陷为实例的研究结果表明,层序地层地球化学研究在油气勘探中具有4个方面的主要作用:(1)预测未钻井或未取心地区烃源层空间分布特征和源岩有机质地球化学性质;(2)通过细化烃源岩评价单元,提高资源量计算中烃源岩体积估算和有机质性质评价的精度;(3)为基于层序地层格架的油气成藏系统研究提供“油气源”和“资源量”的要素;(4)可以作为盆地沉积充填分析的线索,并对已建立的层序地层格架进行检验和校正。层序地层地球化学研究不仅对中国东部老油田隐蔽油气藏的勘探工作具有重要的意义,对勘探程度低、钻井少、源岩取心少的西部含油气盆地中的烃源岩评价工作更为有效。 相似文献
14.
介绍清理后的一个地层单位———龙潭组。江苏地层清理项目组以现代地层学理论为指导 ,经 3年多工作 ,搜集了江苏近 10 0年来大量新太古代至第三纪地层资料。以岩石地层为主与生物、年代地层等进行多重划分对比研究 ,从近 3 0 0个地层单位名称中 ,经清理筛选确定采用 10 5个岩石地层单位和 4个非正式岩石地层单位 ,重编了地层表 ,并建立了地层库 ,使江苏地层划分由统一划分发展到多重划分阶段。 相似文献
15.
山东惠民凹陷中央隆起带古近系沙河街组层序地层特征及控制因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
结合山东惠民凹陷中央隆起带古近系层序地层学研究,依据层序中湖平面变化特点和相应的沉积物特征,提出了构造运动和气候是本区层序地层发育的主要控制因素。中央隆起带古近系沙河街组二、三、四亚段可划分为 3种层序类型,即断陷初期型、强断陷期型和断陷后期型层序。由于构造运动导致湖岸线向盆地方向退缩,产生下降体系域,本次研究采用了体系域的四分法,即一个完整层序由低位、湖侵、高位和下降四个体系域组成,并且层序界面位于湖平面最大下降的位置,介于下降域和低位域之间。断陷初期红色地层层序,受气候因素控制明显,既不同于冲积地层层序,也不同于正常湖相地层层序,在层序演化上有其独特的特点。受构造作用和沉积物补给条件的影响,研究区发育三种沉积密集段,不同类型的沉积密集段在层序中所处位置不同,控制着不同的烃源岩厚度和油气资源储量。 相似文献
16.
David B. Kemp 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2012,101(8):2225-2238
Compilations of sedimentation rates determined across a large range of time spans and different sedimentary environments attest to the discontinuous nature of sedimentation and support the reasoning that hiatuses pervade sedimentary successions at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The relationship between sedimentation rate and time span of observation also emphasises how stratigraphic completeness is a time span-dependent concept. The scaling of stratigraphic completeness with time span alludes to the likely stochastic, and fractal, nature of the stratigraphic record. It also implies that the relationship between stratal thickness and time is inherently non-linear and this has obvious implications for the way we should expect temporal processes to be recorded stratigraphically. Order within the stratigraphic record may arise from deterministic processes in stratigraphy, most notably through astronomically influenced sedimentation. Intuitively, a strongly ordered stratigraphic record due to the presence of cyclicity in sedimentation increases stratigraphic completeness at time spans equal to and longer than the time span of the cyclicity and minimises the non-linearity between stratal thickness and time. Here, geological data and simple modelling are used to support this supposition, but these results also highlight how stochastic variability inherent in depositional processes may sensitise certain successions to missed cycles and incompleteness, even in the presence of strong cyclicity. This stochastic variability has the potential to mask evidence of astronomical forcing of sedimentation. It is also shown how hiatuses affect the ability of a succession to faithfully record temporal processes, and this is true regardless of whether hiatuses are deterministically controlled or random, or indeed whether a succession is considered complete or not. Consequently, stratigraphic completeness and stratigraphic fidelity are not synonymous terms. 相似文献
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Since plate tectonics has been linked to material flow in the Earth's mantle, it is commonly accepted that convective motion in the sublithospheric mantle results in vertical deflections and horizontal plate motion on the Earths surface. Those mantle flow-driven vertical deflections are recognized through significant signals and traces in the sedimentary records (unconformities and missing sections). Recently, Friedrich et al. (2018) introduced an event-based plume stratigraphic framework that uses such signals in the stratigraphic record to detect the geological evolution near, and on the Earth's surface in areas of interregional scale caused by mantle plume movement. Information about these dynamic processes is stored in geological archives, such as (1) stratigraphic records of sedimentary basins and (2) thermochronological data sets of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks.For the first time, this research combines these two geological archives and applies them to the Mesozoic SW Gondwana intraplate environment to retrieve the Paraná-Etendeka plume movement prior to the Paraná-Etendeka LIP. We compiled 18 stratigraphic records of the major continental and marine sedimentary basins and over 35 thermochronological data sets including >1300 apatite fission-track ages surrounding the Paraná-Etendeka Large Igneous Province to test the event-based plume stratigraphic framework and its plume stratigraphic mapping to retrieve the timing and spatial distribution of the Paraná-Etendeka plume.The plume stratigraphic mapping, using the stratigraphic records is suitable to demark a possible plume center, plume margins and distal regions (Friedrich et al., 2018). Thermochronological data reveal centers of a significant thermal Paraná-Etendeka plume influence. Both archives show significant signals and traces of mantle plume movement well in advance of the flood basalt eruptions. Our LTT data combined with stratigraphic records are modeled successfully with respect to a viable mantle plume driven thermal evolution and therefore, we suggest that thermochronological data, in combination with stratigraphy records have the potential to retrieve the Paraná-Etendeka plume movement. 相似文献
19.
张予杰 《沉积与特提斯地质》2013,(3):1-9
对青藏高原晚白垩世地层进行了系统的梳理,开展了青藏高原晚白垩世地层区划的初步研究,共划分出3个地层大区、12个地层区、12个地层分区。详细介绍了各个地层区的上白垩统的地层命名系统及发育情况,其中青藏高原北部祁连-柴达木-巴颜喀拉-羌塘地层大区主要为河湖相沉积的陆相地层系统;青藏高原中部班公湖．双湖．怒江地层大区主要为一套陆相磨拉石沉积地层;青藏高原南部冈底斯一喜马拉雅地层大区主要以海相地层、海陆过渡相地层为主。 相似文献
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河南夏馆-高丘盆地出露一套富含恐龙蛋和恐龙骨骼化石的红色陆源碎屑岩系。20世纪70年代末,赵资奎(1979)将含蛋"红层"时代归为"白垩纪"。此后,该套"红层"曾称"高沟组"和"马家村组"、"桑坪组"、"夏馆组",但均没有测制正式地层剖面,无专门论文发表,原因是除恐龙(诸葛南阳龙)和恐龙蛋化石外,基本没有发现可资确定地层时代的无脊椎动物和植物化石。近年来,除新发现"河南宝天曼龙"外,2011年作者测制了系统剖面,并寻找到介形类、双壳类、腹足类、轮藻和植物大化石,有条件正式建立"夏馆组"组级地层单位并进行地层划分和对比。"夏馆组"的时代应为土伦(Turonian)中—晚期至坎潘(Campanian)中期。 相似文献