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1.
针对采用单发双收探头同时测量相位差和幅度比,测井响应与地层介电常数和电阻率两者都有关的电磁波测井资料反演问题，构造了其反演目标函数Jacobi矩阵〖WTHX〗J的快速算法.J直接给出了测井响应随地层参数变化的关系，利用J和它转置矩阵J〖WTBZ〗T的有意义乘积〖WTHX〗J·J〖WTBZ〗T和〖WTHX〗J〖WTBZ〗T.〖WTHX〗J〖WTBZ〗可以方便地对在非均质地层中测井响应特征和仪器的探测特性进行考察分析，为测井资料处理方法研究与仪器改进提供依据. 相似文献
2.
远距离井间电磁成像方法可以实现500 m以上地层剖面成像,在资料反演中反演地层的精度以及速度是研究的重点和难点.本文提出利用格林函数方法取代差分近似方法计算雅克比矩阵的快速算法,通过与全空间差分近似法对比,验证了快速雅克比矩阵算法的正确性,格林函数方法极大地提高了反演成像效率;通过建立地质模型进行仿真,验证了格林函数方法求取雅克比矩阵的高斯牛顿反演算法完全可应用于远距离井间电磁成像,实现了对二维地层电参数以及边界位置的确定.反演速度是差分近似法的数十倍. 相似文献
3.
4.
双侧向测井仪因其激励源的复杂性给其测量数据的反演带来了极大的困难．本文利用变形玻恩（Born）迭代法对轴对称二维非均匀介质中双侧向测井仪的位场数据进行了严格反演．在每一次迭代过程中采用了高效数值模式匹配的正演计算方法,它可半解析地求出反演中所需计算的格林（Green）函数及其偏导数,同时利用所推导出的位场非线性积分方程中积分运算的半解析形式,大大提高了计算效率和反演质量．通过反演实例表明,反演结果与电导率原状剖面吻合较好,并且受噪声影响较小． 相似文献
5.
跨孔雷达全波形反演是一种使用全波形信息反演两钻孔之间地下信息的层析成像技术.常规的层析成像反演大部分采用射线追踪方法,其中基于初至时的射线追踪方法可以反演出速度剖面（介电常数剖面）,基于最大振幅的层析成像可以反演出衰减剖面（电导率剖面）.常规射线追踪方法有许多不足,究其原因是该方法仅使用了小部分的信号信息.为了进一步提高成像分辨率,本文全面推导了全波形跨孔雷达层析成像反演方法,该方法利用雷达波全幅度相位信息能够反演出地下高分辨率的介电常数和电导率图像.本文通过基于局域网的分布式并行算法,有效地解决了巨量数据正演计算问题.文中首先建立了基于单轴各向异性介质完全匹配层的时间域有限差分二维正演算法,进而通过应用包括时间维度在内的全波场信息与残场逆向传播的全波场信息乘积来计算梯度方向,通过求取以步长为自变量的目标函数的极值确定步长公式,并提出以第一次介电常数反演作为同步反演的初始模型,能够有效提高收敛速度.本文对多组模型进行成像实验,取得了较好的反演效果. 相似文献
6.
射线追踪方法是研究地震波在横向非均匀地壳介质中传播的重要方法.本文推导了理论走时对网格化节点速度的偏导数公式,提出了针对深地震宽角反射/折射剖面数据反演的联合迭代法,并使用该方法对横跨龙门山断裂带中段的一条深地震宽角反射/折射剖面进行了反演和解释.首先,对每一炮的观测数据进行一维反演,在此基础上插值出一个粗略的二维速度模型;然后,使用射线追踪方法计算理论走时,再根据理论走时与观测走时的拟合程度对二维模型进行调整,以获得更加接近实际的二维速度模型;最后,利用联合迭代法对观测走时进行反演,经反复迭代使所有接收点理论走时与实测走时的残差平方和最小,最终获取该剖面的二维地壳速度结构.反演结果表明:测线东段的沉积盖层明显厚于中段褶皱带和西部高原,中部褶皱带部分地区出现基岩裸露;构造转换带两侧的地层分界面近于水平层状分布,其西侧的中、下地壳内各存在一个层间速度间断面;构造转换带内存在薄厚不等的低速层,自西向东有增厚趋势.此外,龙门山断裂带的3条主断裂向下深切结晶基底,这是由于西部松潘—甘孜地块自西向东运动,受到刚性扬子地块的阻挡,沿铲式断裂向上爬升所致;而在断层上盘距地表约15 km深处出现的最大剪应力极值区,正是发生汶川MS8.0地震的震源位置. 相似文献
7.
采用递推矩阵方法计算各向异性介质的磁流源并矢Green函数,并利用上述并矢Green函数对层状各向异性倾斜地层中多分量感应测井的响应进行数值模拟,分析了线圈距、层厚、倾角和围岩对多分量感应测井响应的影响.计算发现,共面视电导率比共轴视电导率变化规律复杂,不能反映地层电导率的真实情况.各向异性地层共轴视电导率随井眼相对倾角的增加而减小,而共面视电导率随井眼相对倾角的增加而增加.仪器的垂向分辨率、围岩各向异性对目的层响应的影响程度取决于线圈距,围岩各向异性对高电导率目的层中测井响应的影响大于对高电阻率目的层中测井响应的影响. 相似文献
8.
本文介绍了采用相遇观测系统中全部走时分支曲线双向同时二维反演拟合法。对翁牛特东部地区的三条剖面基底折射资料二维反演，文中展示了各条剖面的理论走时对比图，射线追踪图，二维速度结构分布图，一维速度柱状图以及理论地震图。 相似文献
9.
研究了六层层状介质模型瑞利波基阶和高模式波相速度对横波速度、深度的敏感性,结果表明：基阶波较高模式波对7 m以内浅部地层的横波速度更敏感,敏感性频带在10～25 Hz范围内,峰值频带集中在18 Hz左右;高模式波较基阶波对深部地层的横波速度更敏感,敏感性频带宽,峰值分散.基阶波对浅层的敏感性和高模式波穿透深度更深的特点为近地表岩土层二维横波速度结构的联合反演提供了前提条件.利用阻尼最小二乘SVD（Singular Value Decomposition）算法联合基阶与高模式波对理论模型和实例数据进行横波速度反演,反演结果表明联合反演增强了反演的稳定性,提高了反演的精度. 相似文献
10.
从二维麦克斯韦方程组出发推导出反演介电常数和电导率等二维介质物性参数的反演公式.反演的步骤是: 建立初始猜测模型，利用电磁波时间域有限差分法模拟正演数据，用正演数据与观测数据之间的数据残差建立目标函数，通过引入一个由麦克斯韦方程计算的伴随场，将目标函数对介质参数的导数表示成显式形式，应用最优化理论得出对初始猜测模型的修改，用共轭梯度法迭代，最终得到反演结果.用合成数据反演具有粗糙地表的非导电介质的介电常数，用实验数据同时反演介电常数和电导率，并比较了麦克斯韦方程反演结果与声波方程反演结果、波动方程偏移剖面的差异. 相似文献
11.
2.5-D modeling and inversion techniques are much closer to reality than the simple and traditional 2-D seismic wave modeling
and inversion. The sensitivity kernels required in full waveform seismic tomographic inversion are the Fréchet derivatives
of the displacement vector with respect to the independent anisotropic model parameters of the subsurface. They give the sensitivity
of the seismograms to changes in the model parameters. This paper applies two methods, called ‘the perturbation method’ and
‘the matrix method’, to derive the sensitivity kernels for 2.5-D seismic waveform inversion. We show that the two methods
yield the same explicit expressions for the Fréchet derivatives using a constant-block model parameterization, and are available
for both the line-source (2-D) and the point-source (2.5-D) cases. The method involves two Green’s function vectors and their
gradients, as well as the derivatives of the elastic modulus tensor with respect to the independent model parameters. The
two Green’s function vectors are the responses of the displacement vector to the two directed unit vectors located at the
source and geophone positions, respectively; they can be generally obtained by numerical methods. The gradients of the Green’s
function vectors may be approximated in the same manner as the differential computations in the forward modeling. The derivatives
of the elastic modulus tensor with respect to the independent model parameters can be obtained analytically, dependent on
the class of medium anisotropy. Explicit expressions are given for two special cases—isotropic and tilted transversely isotropic
(TTI) media. Numerical examples are given for the latter case, which involves five independent elastic moduli (or Thomsen
parameters) plus one angle defining the symmetry axis. 相似文献
12.
A two‐and‐half dimensional model‐based inversion algorithm for the reconstruction of geometry and conductivity of unknown regions using marine controlled‐source electromagnetic (CSEM) data is presented. In the model‐based inversion, the inversion domain is described by the so‐called regional conductivity model and both geometry and material parameters associated with this model are reconstructed in the inversion process. This method has the advantage of using a priori information such as the background conductivity distribution, structural information extracted from seismic and/or gravity measurements, and/or inversion results a priori derived from a pixel‐based inversion method. By incorporating this a priori information, the number of unknown parameters to be retrieved becomes significantly reduced. The inversion method is the regularized Gauss‐Newton minimization scheme. The robustness of the inversion is enhanced by adopting nonlinear constraints and applying a quadratic line search algorithm to the optimization process. We also introduce the adjoint formulation to calculate the Jacobian matrix with respect to the geometrical parameters. The model‐based inversion method is validated by using several numerical examples including the inversion of the Troll field data. These results show that the model‐based inversion method can quantitatively reconstruct the shapes and conductivities of reservoirs. 相似文献
13.
为提高水平层状介质中三维电磁波散射和逆散射数值模拟的效率,在对角张量近似(DTA)的基础上根据不同回代方式得到了求解积分方程的DTA1和DTA2两种近似. 这两种近似可以作为计算积分方程稳定型双共轭梯度快速Fourier变换(BCGS-FFT)算法的初始猜测值和预条件因子，从而形成效率更高的混合DTA-BCGS算法. 散射实例说明了DTA2的高精度和混合DTA-BCGS算法尤其是混合DTA2-BCGS算法的高效率. 由于DTA2近似程度更高，将DTA2与变型Born迭代反演方法(DBIM)相结合形成了一种对三维异常体进行重构的快速电磁波逆散射技术. 文中的逆散射实例说明所开发的逆散射技术对重构水平层状介质中的任意三维异常体是非常有效的. 相似文献
14.
对三维电阻率反演问题进行了深入研究,提供了一种利用地表观测数据实现三维反演的实用算法.该方法应用有限差分求正演解,并通过对粗糙度矩阵元素进行适当改进,使之适用于各种情况下粗糙度矩阵的求取,进而建立在模型的总粗糙度极小条件下的反演方程.对反演方程采用收敛速度快且稳定的最小二乘正交分解（LSQR）法进行迭代求解,在迭代求解过程中只需利用偏导数矩阵和其转置矩阵乘以一个向量的结果,回避了直接求偏导数矩阵的繁琐计算,节省了内存,加快了反演的计算速度.不同的计算实例表明上述方法是求解大规模三维电阻率反演问题的有效方法. 相似文献
15.
3-D simultaneous inversion for velocity and reflector geometry using multiple classes of arrivals in a spherical coordinate frame 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Guo-jiao Huang Chao-ying Bai Xing-wang Li Stewart Greenhalgh 《Journal of Seismology》2014,18(1):123-135
The two key requirements in conducting 3-D simultaneous traveltime tomography on real data at the regional and global scale with multiple classes of arrival time information are (1) it needs an efficient and accurate arrival tracking algorithm for multiply transmitted, reflected (or refracted) and converted waves in a 3-D variable velocity model with embedded velocity discontinuities (or subsurface interfaces), and (2) a subdimensional inversion solver is required which can easily search for different types of model parameters to balance the trade-off between the different types of model parameter updated in the simultaneous inversion process. For these purposes, we first extend a popular grid/cell-based wavefront expanding ray tracing algorithm (the multistage irregular shortest-path ray tracing method), which previously worked only in Cartesian coordinate at the local scale, to spherical coordinates appropriate to the regional or global scale. We then incorporated a fashionable inversion solver (the subspace method) to formulate a simultaneous inversion algorithm, in which the multiple classes of arrivals (including direct and reflected arrivals from different velocity discontinuities) can be used to simultaneously update both the velocity fields and the reflector geometries. Numerical tests indicate that the new inversion method is both applicable and flexible in terms of computational efficiency and solution accuracy, and is not sensitive to a modest level of noise in the traveltime data. It offers several potential benefits over existing schemes for real data seismic imaging. 相似文献
16.
有限线源的三维电阻率反演,是地学探测研究的重要课题之一.本文主要讨论了以下几个方面的内容:(1)结合反演方程式改进的共轭梯度算法;(2)基于扰动法的线源Jacobi矩阵的近似计算方法及光滑系数矩阵在各个方向上的光滑因子的计算公式;(3)通过分析阻尼系数与修改量校正量对反演结果的影响,提出了利用校正系数对模型修正量进行校正;(4)较为系统的讨论了阻尼系数λ对反演分辨能力的影响,较好的改善了三维电阻率反演中的电性异常体重心的"上漂"现象.数值实验表明,改进后的共轭梯度法反演对初始模型的依赖程度较小,反演能够稳定收敛,对模型的空间位置分辨率较高. 相似文献
17.
Simulated Annealing 2-D Nonlinear Inversion of Geomagnetic Deep Sounding Data Near Ujjain-Guna, India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. N. Prasad 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1999,154(2):343-363
--An attempt has been made to use the global optimization technique of Simulated Annealing (S.A.) inversion to interpret the conductivity structure derived from the geomagnetic deep sounding data of N-W India. The present results supersede the earlier result obtained by 2-D conventional linearized inversion. The earlier linearized inversion, following an iterative gradient search technique on the same data set, has been re-evaluated and further constrained through an exhaustive search of the parameter space. The conductive response of an hypothesized conductor located between Ujjain and Guna, India, has been modelled by this random search tool. The location of the proposed model is now in agreement with the theory, since the conductive bodies are centered exactly below the center of the response function. In an earlier attempt by linearized inversion, this was not feasible. The central body is located at a depth of 19 km from the surface, suggesting a thickness of 15 km and resistivity of 14 ohm.m. The resistivity contrast of this ensemble of conductive bodies with the background varies by a factor of 100 to 385. This low conductivity contrast with respect to the background is in conformity to the low temperature as inferred from the available heat-flow data in the region. A marginally different estimate of the conductivity (normally mid-crustal conductors are assigned conductivities of the order of 50 to 200 ohm.m) for the mid-crustal conductor has been found. Existence of a mid-crustal conductor is clearly indicated which was also not detected in the earlier study. Low geo-temperature gradients existing in the region rule out the possibility of a thermal origin for this mid-crustal conductor. A likely explanation could be due to the presence of graphitic carbon at lower crustal depths. However, the role of electrolytic fluid present in the interconnected pore--spaces of rocks may be another tangible explanation. 相似文献
18.
地壳三维构造反演和速度层析成像 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本文给出利用空间深地震测深反射资料重建地壳三维构造和速度分布的方法，适用于任意分层并且每层可由若干断块组成的地壳模型。通过采用适当的反演方法获得地壳界面的三维构造，并在此结果基础之上，进一步将剩余走时残差归因于地壳速度的不均匀性，采用东分块的反演方法，重建地壳三维速度分布，数值模拟的结果表明算法是有效的。 相似文献
19.
利用共轭梯度（ＣＧ）迭代技术,实现了直流电阻率测量数据的三维最小构造反演。 首先,运用共轭梯度迭代算法解反问题的线性方程组,只需求Ｊａｃｏｂｉａｎ矩阵Ｇ与任一向量ｘ的 乘积Ｇｘ及ＧＴ与任何一向量ｙ的乘积ＧＴｙ,再引入Ｇ的Ｒｏｄｉ算法,则Ｇｘ及ＧＴｙ均可在每次反 演迭代中的一次正演计算后一并求得．因此,每次反演迭代仅需一次正演计算,大大加快了 计算速度;而且避免了直接求 Ｇ以及 ＧＴＧ的逆矩阵,也避免了存储 Ｇ和 ＧＴＧ所需庞大的存储 量。另外,由于反演参数太多,求模型光滑约束的最小构造反演能够有效地消除多余构造信 息,得到可靠的反演结果。将这３种方法和技术融合于三维反演中,取得了好的反演效果．为 改进传统最小构造反演收敛慢的问题,还提出了一种新的反演迭代技术,仅需１０次左右甚至 更少迭代即可收敛。 相似文献
20.
A tomographic imaging technique combined with coherence inversion is proposed for constructing a near-surface model from refraction events. A model obtained from coherence inversion serves as a good background model for the tomographic reconstruction. A simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) algorithm was used for this purpose. This is a simple algorithm and can be easily adapted to irregular acquisition geometry and limited angular aperture. Using synthetic data it was shown that the proposed procedure can be used for determination of local velocity anomalies in a shallow subsurface. The technique was also tested on a real data set. 相似文献