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1.
采用1∶10 000地形图等高线地形数据建立内蒙古大兴安岭克一河林业局DEM,用于自动提取地形因子,获得高程、坡度和坡向分级图;并利用2012~2015年高分辨率卫星遥感影像监测森林资源变化情况。结果表明,基于1∶10 000地形图等高线地形数据DEM的地形分类具有可接受的垂直精度,山区植被分布图为遥感树种识别与分类提供了可能,三维可视化空间表达提高了森林资源的空间分析能力,卫星遥感影像判读区划与现地验证是监测林地变化的有效技术手段。 相似文献
2.
主要研究了基于Landsat 8遥感数据的泰山地区植被指数与地形因子之间的关系。基于Landsat 8 OLI遥感数据,综合运用遥感图像处理技术和地理信息系统空间分析技术,提取泰山地区2014年7月的归一化植被指数;再利用数字高程模型(DEM)提取该地区的地形因子(海拔、坡度以及坡向);进而使用叠合分析法,分析了泰山地区植被指数与地形因子之间的关系。研究结果表明:泰山地区总体上植被指数(NDVI)值较好;植被指数随海拔的升高而增加;坡向对NDVI值影响明显,东北坡植被指数最高。数据分析的结果对于泰山地区生态环境的监测保护与可持续发展都有积极意义。 相似文献
3.
针对传统最小二乘回归未能顾及数据的空间特性,且无法度量模型自变量与因变量相关性的空间变异特性的问题,本文提出利用地理加权回归方法分析小微地震频次与地形因子相关度的空间异质性。以四川地区的地震监测资料、DEM为实验数据,选取地形复杂度、坡度变率、坡向变率和地面曲率为自变量,地震发生频次为因变量,构建地理加权回归模型,并进行回归系数的空间变异分析。实验分析发现,地震频次与地形因子具有一定的相关性:地形复杂度与地震频次相关性最强;坡度变率、沟壑密度、剖面曲率与地震频次的相关性依次减弱;不同空间位置的地形因子和地震频次的相关性具有较明显的空间异质性。实验结果表明,地理加权回归可以有效地度量分析地震频次与地形因子相关度的空间异质性,研究结果可为地震及次生灾害的分析与预报提供辅助决策参考。 相似文献
4.
《测绘地理信息》2017,(3)
绿色空间生态服务(green space ecosystem services,GSES)与地形因子(坡度、海拔、坡向)有密切的关系,研究其关系对区域生态服务功能的修复、完善和可持续发展具有重要意义。通过奉化市绿色空间地类的划分和生态服务的计算模型获得GSES的价值。利用GIS技术提取坡度、海拔、坡向3个地形因子,同时分别获得每个因子对应的GSES值,最后选择Spearman相关分析模型对GSES价值与地形因子值进行检验。结果显示,奉化市GSES价值在空间上呈现出东北部、东南部GSES价值最低,西部、南部GSES价值较高的格局;GSES价值与地形因子的相关性强度表现为:坡度海拔坡向。同时由于海拔、坡度和坡向的变化导致温度、水分和太阳辐射在地表发生变化,并致使生态服务空间格局随海拔、坡度和坡向的变化呈现一定的规律性。 相似文献
5.
《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,(4)
针对传统最小二乘回归未能顾及数据的空间特性,且无法度量模型自变量与因变量相关性的空间变异特性的问题,本文提出利用地理加权回归方法分析小微地震频次与地形因子相关度的空间异质性。以四川地区的地震监测资料、DEM为实验数据,选取地形复杂度、坡度变率、坡向变率和地面曲率为自变量,地震发生频次为因变量,构建地理加权回归模型,并进行回归系数的空间变异分析。实验分析发现,地震频次与地形因子具有一定的相关性:地形复杂度与地震频次相关性最强;坡度变率、沟壑密度、剖面曲率与地震频次的相关性依次减弱;不同空间位置的地形因子和地震频次的相关性具有较明显的空间异质性。实验结果表明,地理加权回归可以有效地度量分析地震频次与地形因子相关度的空间异质性,研究结果可为地震及次生灾害的分析与预报提供辅助决策参考。 相似文献
6.
针对在人类活动影响下,泰山地区植被覆盖面积变化情况,以陆地卫星(Landsat TM/OLI)遥感影像为研究基础影像,采用遥感图像处理平台(ENVI)和ArcGIS软件,对泰山地区1985、1995、2003、2008、2013、2018年的6期遥感影像,通过归一化指数(NDVI)对遥感影像植被信息进行反演,通过地形因子提取实现对高程、坡度、坡向信息的提取与绿色植物覆盖的综合分析.研究发现:泰山地区植被面积由西北向中南递减,周边农村区域植被覆盖大于中心城区;伴随海拔增高,植被面积呈倒"U"变化,多在100～500 m高程范围内;植被多分布在坡度较缓,向阳区域. 相似文献
7.
在山地复杂地形条件下,利用热红外遥感获得的地表温度分布显著受到地形的影响,真实的地热异常信息往往难以识别,热红外遥感应用于山区地热勘探受到极大限制。以广东龙川地热勘查区为研究区,初步探讨了山地环境中如何抑制地形效应,以有效提取地热异常。首先,基于Landsat ETM+遥感数据反演地表温度,分析坡向和坡度两个地形因子与地表温度的关系;然后,在此基础上,将研究区的地表温度按坡向分成3个子区(阳坡、过渡坡和阴坡),根据阳坡地表温度与坡向的线性拟合关系将其校正到水平坡度上;最后,结合地质构造分布和地表覆被情况,在3个子区识别了4处地热异常,并与已知地热点进行比较验证。结果表明:坡向分区和阳坡坡度校正能够有效抑制地形效应,提高遥感地热异常识别精度,为山区地热资源的预测评价提供新思路。 相似文献
8.
秦岭山区地形因子是影响植被分布的重要因素。选取2001、2009和2017年MODIS陆地产品MOD13Q1数据和DEM数据,从DEM中提取地形因子,高程、坡度和坡向,与MODIS的NDVI数据结合,分析了地形对秦岭地区植被空间分布影响。研究结果表明:(1)NDVI随着高程的增大而逐渐增大,在高程1800 m左右时达到最大值,随后又随着高程的增大而减小;(2)NDVI在坡度0°～5°间逐渐增大,在5°～40°呈稳定趋势,从40°开始缓慢减小,60°达到乔木能够生长的坡面倾角临界值,当坡面倾角大于60°时植被指数开始快速减小;(3)受太阳辐射的影响,坡向在NW 270°～360°,SE 240°～270°之间的植被长势较好,其余坡向上长势一般。 相似文献
9.
巴马县地形因子与土地利用空间分布关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地理空间信息》2015,(5):141-143
选取广西喀斯特地区代表之一巴马县,利用土地利用现状图和DEM,从中提取出研究区的高程、坡度、坡向数据。利用ArcGIS的空间分析功能,分别对高程、坡度、坡向和土地利用数据进行叠加处理,得到在不同高程、坡度、坡向下的土地利用分布情况,并利用SPSS软件对土地利用类型与地形因子进行相关分析。 相似文献
10.
针对叶尔羌河流域这一生态脆弱区,基于像元二分法利用MODIS NDVI数据计算该研究区典型正常年份2016年6—9月生长季植被指数(植被覆盖度),分析探讨了该流域植被覆盖度与土地利用/覆盖状况及高程、坡度、坡向等地貌状况主要要素之间的耦合关联关系。结果表明:叶尔羌河下游地区地形起伏较小,植被覆盖状况和土地利用/覆盖类型均具有明显的地带状与分层分布特征,植被覆盖度仅与距离水源地的远近相关性显著,与高程、坡度等其他地貌因子无明显相关性;而叶尔羌河中上游地区植被覆盖状况复杂,植被覆盖度与高程、坡度和坡向三因子总体耦合度较高。高程对植被覆盖状况的影响尤为显著,具有明显的垂直地带性;同时,随着高程增加,坡度对植被覆盖度的影响则表现出一定的垂直周期地带变化特性,以及随着坡向的变化植被覆盖度呈现出由阴坡、半阴坡较高(4 000m以下地区)按"顺时针"向阳坡、半阳坡较高(4 000m以上地区)逐渐转移。 相似文献
11.
Water and energy balance interactions with vegetation in mountainous terrain are influenced by topographic effects, spatial variation in vegetation type and density, and water availability. This is the case for the mountainous areas of northern Portugal, where ancestral irrigated meadows (lameiros) are a main component of a complex vegetation mosaic. The widely used surface energy balance model METRIC was applied to four Landsat images to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of the energy balance terms in the identified land cover types (LCT). A discussion on the variability of evapotranspiration (ET) through the various vegetation types was supported by a comparison between the respective crop coefficients and those available in the literature corresponding to the LCT, which has shown the appropriateness of METRIC estimates of ET. METRIC products derived from images of May and June – NDVI, surface temperature, net radiation, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux, and ET – were used to characterize the LCTs, through application of principal component analysis. Three principal components explained the variance of observed variables and their varimax rotated loadings allowed a good explanation of the behaviour of the explanatory variables in association with the LCTs. Information gained contributes to improve the characterization of the study area and may further support conservation and management of these mountain landscapes. 相似文献
12.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(9):1013-1029
ABSTRACTThe effect of terrain shadow, including the self and cast shadows, is one of the main obstacles for accurate retrieval of vegetation parameters by remote sensing in rugged terrains. A shadow- eliminated vegetation index (SEVI) was developed, which was computed from only red and near-infrared top-of-atmosphere reflectance without other heterogeneous data and topographic correction. After introduction of the conceptual model and feature analysis of conventional wavebands, the SEVI was constructed by ratio vegetation index (RVI), shadow vegetation index (SVI) and adjustment factor (f (Δ)). Then three methods were used to validate the SEVI accuracy in elimination of terrain shadow effects, including relative error analysis, correlation analysis between the cosine of solar incidence angle (cosi) and vegetation indices, and comparison analysis between SEVI and conventional vegetation indices with topographic correction. The validation results based on 532 samples showed that the SEVI relative errors for self and cast shadows were 4.32% and 1.51% respectively. The coefficient of determination between cosi and SEVI was only 0.032 and the coefficient of variation (std/mean) for SEVI was 12.59%. The results indicate that the proposed SEVI effectively eliminated the effect of terrain shadows and achieved similar or better results than conventional vegetation indices with topographic correction. 相似文献
13.
The vegetation fraction is a key factor used in many research fields, including soil and water conservation, and ecological evaluation. In this paper, based on the traditional dimidiated pixel model, NDVI soil extraction is modified to improve the accuracy of the vegetation fraction obtained, thus also providing an improved method for obtaining vegetation factors in other areas of research. Due to the unique regional location of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, terrain factors are critical for the stability of vegetation change. The improved model is here applied to inverse the vegetation coverage of the study region; the spatial patterns of change intensity during the past 15 years (1998–2012) are then analyzed. Considering the area’s alpine climate, results show that terrain factors have a significant effect on the distribution of vegetation coverage change intensity. Before specific thresholds are reached, terrain factors such as elevation, topographic relief, and slope exhibit a positive correlation with change in the vegetation fraction. In areas with the same longitude, the higher the latitude the greater the change intensity, while vegetation change intensity also increases with an increasing variety among the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. In the river’s middle-upper and lower reaches, vegetation coverage is prone to increase and decrease, respectively. The results presented here could greatly enhance the inversion precision of vegetation coverage and reveal the spatial and temporal heterogeneity between vegetation coverage, which are of great ecological significance and practical value for the protection of eco-environment in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin. 相似文献
14.
15.
多频率InSAR提取沼泽湿地DEM精度对比分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选取3种波长的干涉SAR数据对提取沼泽湿地区域的DEM，并随机从1：10 000地形图中选取111个点数据进行精度验证，最后对比分析了沼泽湿地植被对于不同SAR波长的干涉相干性差异。结果表明：L-band ALOS-1 PALSAR精细模式的HH单视复数数据与1：10 000地形图数据吻合度较好，76.58%的高程值差异在3 m以内，其相干系数比C-band Sentinel-1A IW模式的VV单视复数数据和X-band TerraSAR HH单视复数数据要高；更适合利用雷达干涉测量技术提取沼泽湿地的DEM；不同湿地植被类型的相干系数有较大差异，岛状林和灌草结合的湿地植被分布区相干系数值较大，而浅水沼泽植被区和深水沼泽植被区相对较低。 相似文献
16.
The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), the first relatively high spatial resolution near‐global digital elevation dataset, possesses great utility for a wide array of environmental applications worldwide. This article concerns the accuracy of SRTM in low‐relief areas with heterogeneous vegetation cover. Three questions were addressed about low‐relief SRTM topographic representation: to what extent are errors spatially autocorrelated, and how should this influence sample design? Is spatial resolution or production method more important for explaining elevation differences? How dominant is the association of vegetation cover with SRTM elevation error? Two low‐relief sites in Louisiana, USA, were analyzed to determine the nature and impact of SRTM error in such areas. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data were employed as reference, and SRTM elevations were contrasted with the US National Elevation Dataset (NED). Spatial autocorrelation of errors persisted hundreds of meters spatially in low‐relief topography; production method was more critical than spatial resolution, and elevation error due to vegetation canopy effects could actually dominate the SRTM representation of the landscape. Indeed, low‐lying, forested, riparian areas may be represented as substantially higher than surrounding agricultural areas, leading to an inverted terrain model. 相似文献
17.
The validation study of leaf area index (LAI) products over rugged surfaces not only gives additional insights into data quality of LAI products, but deepens understanding of uncertainties regarding land surface process models depended on LAI data over complex terrain. This study evaluated the performance of MODIS and GLASS LAI products using the intercomparison and direct validation methods over southwestern China. The spatio-temporal consistencies, such as the spatial distributions of LAI products and their statistical relationship as a function of topographic indices, time, and vegetation types, respectively, were investigated through intercomparison between MODIS and GLASS products during the period 2011–2013. The accuracies and change ranges of these two products were evaluated against available LAI reference maps over 10 sampling regions which standed for typical vegetation types and topographic gradients in southwestern China.The results show that GLASS LAI exhibits higher percentage of good quality data (i.e. successful retrievals) and smoother temporal profiles than MODIS LAI. The percentage of successful retrievals for MODIS and GLASS is vulnerable to topographic indices, especially to relief amplitude. Besides, the two products do not capture seasonal dynamics of crop, especially in spring over heterogeneously hilly regions. The yearly mean LAI differences between MODIS and GLASS are within ±0.5 for 64.70% of the total retrieval pixels over southwestern China. The spatial distribution of mean differences and temporal profiles of these two products are inclined to be dominated by vegetation types other than topographic indices. The spatial and temporal consistency of these two products is good over most area of grasses/cereal crops; however, it is poor for evergreen broadleaf forest. MODIS presents more reliable change range of LAI than GLASS through comparison with fine resolution reference maps over most of sampling regions. The accuracies of direct validation are obtained for GLASS LAI (r = 0.35, RMSE = 1.72, mean bias = −0.71) and MODIS LAI (r = 0.49, RMSE = 1.75, mean bias = −0.67). GLASS performs similarly to MODIS, but may be marginally inferior to MODIS based on our direct validation results. The validation experience demonstrates the necessity and importance of topographic consideration for LAI estimation over mountain areas. Considerable attention will be paid to the improvements of surface reflectance, retrieval algorithm and land cover types so as to enhance the quality of LAI products in topographically complex terrain. 相似文献
18.
GIS支持下滑坡灾害空间预测方法研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
滑坡预测在防灾减灾工作中具有重要意义,它包括空间、时间预测两个方面。基于统计模型进行区域评价与空间预测是滑坡灾害研究的重要方向,但是预测结果往往依赖样本数量和空间分布等。本文以马来西亚金马伦高原为研究区,选择高程、坡度、坡向、地表曲率、构造、土地覆盖、地貌类型、道路和排水系统作为评价因子,探讨运用地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感(RS)获取与管理滑坡灾害信息,以及热带雨林地区湿热环境下滑坡空间预测的方法。支持向量机(SVM)和逻辑(Logistic)回归模型分别应用于滑坡空间预测,结果显示平均预测精度分别为95.9%和86.2%,SVM法具有较高的描述精度,值得推荐;同时,基于SVM模型的滑坡空间预测受样本影响较小,预测结果相对比较稳定,这对于滑坡灾害区域评价与预测的快速实现具有实际意义。 相似文献
19.
Miguel A. Ortega-Huerta Enrique Martinez-Meyer Stephen L. Egbert Kevin P. Price A. Townsend Peterson 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3):7-20
Abstract An important methodological and analytical requirement for analyzing spatial relationships between regional habitats and species distributions in Mexico is the development of standard methods for mapping the country's land cover/land use formations. This necessarily involves the use of global data such as that produced by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). We created a nine‐band time‐series composite image from AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) bi‐weekly data. Each band represented the maximum NDVI for a particular month of either 1992 or 1993. We carried out a supervised classification approach, using the latest comprehensive land cover/vegetation map created by the Mexican National Institute of Geography (INEGI) as reference data. Training areas for 26 land cover/vegetation types were selected and digitized on the computer's screen by overlaying the INEGI vector coverage on the NDVI image. To obtain specific spectral responses for each vegetation type, as determined by its characteristic phenology and geographic location, the statistics of the spectral signatures were subjected to a cluster analysis. A total of 104 classes distributed among the 26 land cover types were used to perform the classification. Elevation data were used to direct classification output for pine‐oak and coastal vegetation types. The overall correspondence value of the classification proposed in this paper was 54%; however, for main vegetation formations correspondence values were higher (60‐80%). In order to obtain refinements in the proposed classification we recommend further analysis of the signature statistics and adding topographic data into the classification algorithm. 相似文献
20.
Reliable quantification of savanna vegetation structure is critical for accurate carbon accounting and biodiversity assessment under changing climate and land-use conditions. Inventories of fine-scale vegetation structural attributes are typically conducted from field-based plots or transects, while large-area monitoring relies on a combination of airborne and satellite remote sensing. Both of these approaches have their strengths and limitations, but terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has emerged as the benchmark for vegetation structural parameterization – recording and quantifying 3D structural detail that is not possible from manual field-based or airborne/spaceborne methods. However, traditional TLS approaches suffer from similar spatial constraints as field-based inventories. Given their small areal coverage, standard TLS plots may fail to capture the heterogeneity of landscapes in which they are embedded. Here we test the potential of long-range (>2000 m) terrestrial laser scanning (LR-TLS) to provide rapid and robust assessment of savanna vegetation 3D structure at hillslope scales. We used LR-TLS to sample entire savanna hillslopes from topographic vantage points and collected coincident plot-scale (1 ha) TLS scans at increasing distances from the LR-TLS station. We merged multiple TLS scans at the plot scale to provide the reference structure, and evaluated how 3D metrics derived from LR-TLS deviated from this baseline with increasing distance. Our results show that despite diluted point density and increased beam divergence with distance, LR-TLS can reliably characterize tree height (RMSE = 0.25–1.45 m) and canopy cover (RMSE = 5.67–15.91%) at distances of up to 500 m in open savanna woodlands. When aggregated to the same sampling grain as leading spaceborne vegetation products (10–30 m), our findings show potential for LR-TLS to play a key role in constraining satellite-based structural estimates in savannas over larger areas than traditional TLS sampling can provide. 相似文献