共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
云南和四川中小地震应力降时空特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过消除S波观测谱中的传播路径、场地响应、仪器响应、噪声等的影响,得到中小地震的震源谱。根据Brune震源模型,运用遗传算法计算了云南地区2121次ML2.0～5.3地震和四川地区323次ML3.0～5.1地震的应力降参数Δσ,分析了云南地区和四川地区中小地震应力降时空变化特征。结果表明:云南地区的地震应力降范围为0.03～47.55MPa,其中Δσ≥10.0MPa(高应力降)的地震占4.8%,Δσ的年均值在2.30～5.05MPa之间;四川地区应力降范围为0.19～47.47MPa,其中Δσ≥10.0MPa(高应力降)的地震占21.7%,Δσ的年均值在5.11～8.72MPa之间。Δσ≥10.0MPa(高应力降)的地震主要分布在滇西北至滇东北及川滇交界一带,尤其是在龙门山断裂带有较明显分布。龙门山断裂带Δσ≥10.0MPa的地震占35.8%,Δσ的年均值在5.20～12.09MPa之间,2004～2007年高应力降地震事件明显增多,反映了汶川8.0级大震前的高应力变化过程。 相似文献
2.
本文对1974年以来发生在沂沭带及其附近的小震进行了P波段谱分析。根据前人的成果和经验（1－5），采用不同的震源模式，计算了小震应力降（△σ，△σ′）、地震矩（M0）、震源尺度（L）以及介质品质因子（Q值）给出了沂沭带及其附近的△σ和Q值的背景分布特征，进而讨论了这种背景分布的地震危险性。 相似文献
3.
恢复2009年1月1日-2015年12月31日间川滇活动块体中-北部1012次2.0≤M_L≤5.0地震的震源谱,计算标量地震矩M_o、震源尺度r和应力降△_σ等震源参数并拟合各参数间的定标关系,基于区域地震构造背景、活动断裂展布以及地震活动的成丛分布将研究区划分成四个统计单元,分别讨论各构造单元的应力分布特征、地震应力降随地点位置的变化以及应力-应变加载作用与区域变形的动力学过程的关联.结果显示:中小地震释放的应力降△_σ在0.1~10 MPa;标量地震矩M_o与近震震级M_L呈现较好线性关系(lgM_0=0.92M_L+10.46);应力降与地震大小的关系与Nuttli的增加应力降(ISD)模型比较吻合(1g△_σ=0.31 1gM_0-3.92).震源应力降结果显示:①金沙江断裂端部为低应力区,断裂单元整体滑动速率较高、强震活动极少,不具备强震发生的应力高度集中条件;在3条次级断裂构成的条带断裂结构中,理塘断裂上的应力-应变加载作用自北西向南东逐渐减弱,相对闭锁的北西段较其他部位更易积累应变.②鲜水河断裂带的地震应力降以康定为界南低北高,南段(康定-石棉)短期内难以积累较高应变,北段(甘孜-康定)应力水平较高,已发生的中强地震尚未能填充地震矩释放的亏空区,段落局部仍有较高的应力积累.③安宁河-则木河断裂上高应力降地震事件集中,该单元的应变积累强、应力水平最高,地震危险性大.④丽江—小金河断裂上不同震级地震的应力降特征并不相同,推测与当地复杂的构造背景有关,具体原因尚需深入探讨;木里地区应力背景较低,可能受当地构造环境的影响.研究表明,地震应力降随地点位置而系统变化,高应力降地震事件多发生在断裂与断裂的交汇部位,而断裂无闭锁条件、断裂以蠕滑为主且断面松弛、断裂端部为高温或破碎塑性变形带时,多以低应力降地震事件为主;与通常所认为的"走滑断裂不易积累应力"相反的是,鲜水河断裂带、安宁河—则木河断裂带均表现出较高的应力水平,其原因一方面可能是因为已发生的中强地震无论数量还是强度都尚不足以释放已经积累的能量,另一方面也许是在区域变形的复杂动力学过程中,当构造单元间阻碍断层运动和协助积累应力的作用占主导时,相同震级的地震会释放更多的应力. 相似文献
4.
《内陆地震》2015,(4)
选取广西数字地震台网记录到的2007~2013年广西主要断裂带2.0≤ML≤5.0地震事件,在已求得本地区非弹性衰减系数和台站场地响应的基础上,计算得到90个位于主要断裂带及附近的中小地震震源参数,并分析研究其相互间的标度关系和应力降空间分布特征。研究结果表明:广西主要断裂带上的中小地震的地震矩在1.10×1012~1.20×1015N·m之间,应力降在0.032~15.44MPa之间,震源半径在87~510 m之间;地震矩、应力降均与近震震级存在正相关,地震矩与震源半径存在正相关,拐角频率与地震矩存在负相关;应力降值主要分布在1~10 MPa之间,占58%,主要分布百色—合浦断裂中段以及与桂林—南宁断裂交汇区域。Δσ1.0 MPa(低应力降)的地震占37%,主要分布在桂西北地区。Δσ≥10 MPa(高应力降)地震主要分布在桂东南且历史上曾经发生过5级以上地震的原震区及附近,反映了原震区及其附近仍具有高应力背景。 相似文献
5.
小江断裂中段及邻区构造应力场分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用小江断裂及邻区1998年1月～2007年9月发生的613个ML≥2.5地震的垂直向直达SV波和P波地动位移振幅比计算得出了这些地震的震源机制解;并根据区域构造对小江断裂中段及邻区现代构造应力场进行了分区。以小江断裂为界,将小江断裂中段及其邻区分为A、B(包含小江断裂带)两个区,为了研究断裂带上的应力特征,又将小江断裂带区域划分出来进行独立分析;同时采用网格1°×1°,以及0.5°空间滑动分区的办法进行研究。分析了该区震源机制解特征,并在此基础上利用应力张量反演方法,对研究区域的应力场进行反演。结果表明:①小江断裂中段及邻区的断层错动方式主要以走滑为主,A区、B区和断裂带区域走滑断层分别占81.28%、69.63%、72.97%。②A区的最大主应力σ1方位大致为NNW向,B区和断裂带区的最大主应力σ1方位大致为NWW向;从应力结构来看,应力以水平作用为主,走滑特征明显。③在整个滇中块体,应力场的主体方位由NNW向变为NWW向。但在元谋断裂以东,普渡河断裂以西的区域,主压应力方位表现出明显的南北向滑移,而在小江断裂区域主压应力则主要为NW向。从小江断裂继续往东的滇东块体上,应力场主压应力方位为NW-NNW向。 相似文献
6.
7.
广东及其邻近区域中小地震应力降研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析了广东及其邻近地区1999至2004年9月间86个ML≥2.0级地震的应力降值,结果表明,应力降随震级的增大而出现不同尺度的变化,lg△σ的分布大致分为两个阶段:①ML≤4.0级地震,随着震级增大,lg△σ呈增大的趋势;②ML≥4.0级地震,lg△σ不随震级的增大而增大,稳定在一范围内。统计结果表明,本区ML2.0～2.9级地震应力降平均值为4.5bar,ML3.0～3.9级地为7.6 bar,ML4.0～4.9级地震为10.7 bar。2004年阳江ML5.2级地震前1年左右,曾发生多次应力降高于阳江地区平均值的地震事件,而在临震前几个月应力降总体水平则是偏低的,这一特征在其他地区的中强地震前亦曾出现。应力降平面等值线分布图显示北部湾地区是广东及其邻区应力降背景最高的地区。 相似文献
8.
2005年会泽5.3级地震与小江断裂地震活动关系研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据小江断裂带历史强震资料、近期中小地震活动资料、地震波参数、会泽5．3级地震破裂方向及其序列参数显著异常等,研究了小江断裂带强震活动规律、中强地震丛集活动与断裂构造活动关系、会泽地震后小江断裂及周围地区应力场状态,结果得出：①会泽周围M≥5．0地震丛集活动达10次左右后,小江断裂及周围地区将发生M≥6．7地震;②会泽地震发生后,其附近3级以上中小地震活动空间展布方向与小江断裂北东向深部隐伏次级断裂的方向一致;③会泽地震发生后,其附近中小地震波参数规一化环境剪应力‰值与本次地震序列参数b值异常显著;④会泽地震余震震源较深,90％可测定深度的余震震源深度在16～30km范围内,比震前震源区周围的地震深。 相似文献
9.
武定6.5级地震序列的地震应力降研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以Brune提出的中小地震圆盘形破裂位错模式为理论基础，研究了地面运动峰值参数（r.d)和（r.v)对地震应力降△σ的依赖性，并考虑地球介质Q值对峰值参数的影响，利用武定M6．5级地震序列的近场数字记录地震资料，由此导出了用峰值位移d和峰值程度v求地震应力降△σ的关系式：lg(g.d/e^-qr)=-10.56 2/3lgM0 1/3lg△σ；lg（r，v/e^-qr)=-2.566 1/3lgM0 2/3lg△σ.用上述公式测定了武定地震序列的地震应力降△σ，结果给出地震序列的应力降△σ构大多数在5．0－50MPa的范围内，是典型的高应力降序列。通过分析应力降的时空分布特征，发现应力参数与余震活动的频度及强度相关，也与地震构造背景相关。研究结果还表明用地面运动峰值参数估算地震应力降是一种新的实用性较强的方法。 相似文献
10.
本文测定了天津地区1985—1990.9年间M_L=3.0以下小震的震源参数,共125次。结果表明:地震应力降△σ一般都不高,多数低于1.3Mpa;区域剪切应力和地震应力降均有明显的增高趋势。1989年末开始下降。由P波测定的介质Q值蓟县平均为350,宝坻、宁河、静海为250,天津西稍高。小震平均震源机制主压应力轴由北西9°,向西偏转26°。这些变化,不仅反应本地区应力调整过程,而且是华北区域应力变化过程的局部显示。 相似文献
11.
D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
12.
Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
13.
Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
14.
15.
综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
16.
The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
17.
V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
18.
19.
The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data. 相似文献
20.
A special high-resolution routine of the EISCAT radar has been used to investigate the structure and development of the poleward wall of a deep trough in electron density. The feature was tracked by the radar during a 7-hour period under very quiet geomagnetic conditions. The field-aligned nature of the structure enabled an estimate to be made of the inclination of the geomagnetic field above EISCAT that was in good agreement with the current model. Observations of narrow field-aligned enhancements in electron temperature demonstrated that the wall of this trough is a dynamic feature, reforming regularly as the electron density responds on a time scale of tens of minutes to energy input from soft-particle precipitation. 相似文献