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1.
Saber Al-Rousan Rasheed Al-Shloul Fuad Al-Horani Ahmad Abu-Hilal 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(7):2003-2013
The concentrations of six heavy metals were studied in five living coral species and their fossil counterparts collected along the Jordanian Coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. The study aimed at investigating the validity of using coral skeletons as bioindicators for environmental pollution by heavy metals in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. The skeletal samples of the collected corals were acid digested and analyzed for Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn content using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained have shown that higher concentrations of heavy metals were found in coral skeletons from areas hosting intense developments and human activities. The massive Porites sp. coral tended to accumulate the highest metal concentrations among the other species (except for Mn). This was due to interspecific differences or selectivity of heavy metals between different coral species. It was noteworthy that fossil coral species recorded higher average metal concentrations than their living counterparts; this was attributed to surface contamination due to prolonged burial of the fossil corals in sediment over the years. The study concluded that corals (specially the massive Porites species) are vulnerable to the accumulation of high concentrations of heavy metals in their skeletons and therefore can serve as proxies to monitor environmental pollution. 相似文献
2.
Scleractinian corals appeared during the Anisian period of the Triassic after the end-Permian mass extinction, which in Triassic were distinct from the Jurassic-Cretaceous scleractinian corals. The study on Triassic scleractinian coral fauna as a separate field is significant for exploring the development and evolution of modern corals and investigating environmental changes since the Mesozoic. The first Triassic coral in China was reported in 1925, and since then, nearly 25 articles dealing with taxonomy and 17 papers about fossil reports on Triassic scleractinian corals in China have been published, which refer to 60 genera and 312 species, 49 localities and 25 strata. In this paper, the history, taxonomy, localities, stratigraphic distribution, current research, and existing knowledge gaps of the Triassic scleractinian corals in China are reviewed. More specifically, the research findings of the Triassic scleractinain coral in China since 1925 are discussed; the species of the Triassic scleractian coral fossil reported in China, has been examined and its synonyms have been sorted out; the geographical distributions of the Middle and Late Triassic scleractinian corals in China are systematically treated; the Triassic coral biostratigraphy in China has been improved; and the stratigraphic ranges of existing genera and species are provided. The above conclusions are presented in the form of complete figures. At the same time, we analyzed shortcomings in current research and identified productive future research directions of the Triassic scleractinian corals in China. 相似文献
3.
新疆哈密地区早泥盆世珊瑚动物群及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新疆哈密地区下泥盆统发育,南部图拉尔根地区下泥盆统为大南湖组,北部三道白杨沟地区为卓木巴斯套组。在大南湖组中共发现四射珊瑚2属5种,床板珊瑚7属12种,并建立四射珊瑚组合Syringaxon moriense和床板珊瑚组合Pseudofavosites giganteus;在卓木巴斯套组共发现四射珊瑚5属7种,床板珊瑚2属2种,并建立四射珊瑚组合Orthopaterophyllum junggarense和床板珊瑚组合Pachyfavosites junggarensis。通过珊瑚在地层中的分布及组合的时代对比,确定前者的时代为早泥盆世埃姆斯期早期,后者的时代为埃姆斯期中晚期。通过与国内外典型的早泥盆世埃姆斯期珊瑚动物群的对比,认为哈密地区的珊瑚动物具有典型的早泥盆世温带动物群特征,在生物古地理区系上属于北方大区准噶尔-兴安省。 相似文献
4.
Quaternary coral reefs of the Red Sea coast, Egypt: diagenetic sequence, isotopes and trace metals contamination 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Abdelbaset S. El-Sorogy Hamdy Nour Emad Essa Mohamed Tawfik 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(12):4981-4991
This study focuses on the diagenetic sequence under marine and meteoric conditions as well as isotopes and trace metals contamination in Quseir and Gebel Zeit areas along the Egyptian Red Sea coast through a series of modern and fossil corals, Porites lutea and Favites pentagona. The diagenetic sequence begins with deposition of thin fringes of syntaxial aragonite and micritic high-magnesian calcite in the modern corals to completely altered Porites and partially altered Favites to low-magnesium calcite in the oldest Pleistocene unit. Average δ18O and δ13C values of Pleistocene corals in the two studied areas were lower than those of modern corals. Values of modern corals and lower fossil unit indicated coralline limestone, while those of middle and upper fossil units indicated fresh water influences. Average values of trace metals in modern corals were higher than those of Pleistocene counterpart except for Mn. Modern coral samples recorded enrichment in the average values of Pb, Zn, and Mn at Quseir area and enrichment in Co, Cu, and Ni at Gebel Zeit area. This may be attributed mostly to different tourist activities, landfill due to increase urbanization and nearby of Quseir area from the old phosphate harbor at El Hamrawin area, as well as oil exploration and production activities in the Gulf of Suez area. Also, results indicated that most samples of Porites have high concentration of trace metals than in Favites, especially in Cu, Zn, Mn, and Pb. This may due to high amounts of intergranular porosity and high total surface area of Porites in contrast to Favites. 相似文献
5.
Deep-sea corals have been shown to be useful archives of rapid changes in ocean chemistry during the last glacial cycle. Their aragonitic skeleton can be absolutely dated by U-Th data, freeing radiocarbon to be used as a water-mass proxy. For certain species of deep-sea corals, the growth rate allows time resolution that is comparable to ice cores. An additional proxy is needed to exploit this opportunity and turn radiocarbon data into rates of ocean overturning in the past.Neodymium isotopes in seawater can serve as a quasi-conservative water-mass tracer and initial results indicate that deep-sea corals may be reliable archives of seawater Nd isotopes. Here we present a systematic study exploring Nd isotopes as a water-mass proxy in deep-sea coral aragonite. We investigated five different genera of modern deep-sea corals (Caryophyllia, Desmophyllum, Enallopsamia, Flabellum, Lophelia), from global locations covering a large potential range of Nd isotopic compositions. Comparison with ambient seawater measurements yields excellent agreement and suggests that deep-sea corals are reliable archives for seawater Nd isotopes.A parallel study of Nd concentrations in these corals yields distribution coefficients for Nd between seawater and coral aragonite of 1-10, omitting one particular genus (Enallopsamia). The corals and seawater did however not come from exactly the same location, and further investigations are needed to reach robust conclusions on the incorporation of Nd into deep-sea coral aragonite.Lastly, we studied the viability of extracting the Nd isotope signal from fossil deep-sea corals by carrying out stepwise cleaning experiments. Our results show that physical removal of the ferromanganese coating and chemical pre-cleaning have the highest impact on Nd concentrations, but that oxidative/reductive cleaning is also needed to acquire a seawater Nd isotope signal. 相似文献
6.
珊瑚礁是一类特殊的工程建设场地,受地质成因、生物作用、海洋水动力环境和地质环境演化等多方面影响。开展珊瑚礁场地工程地质分区研究,不仅对认识珊瑚礁岩土层的成因和变化规律、分析评价珊瑚礁场地的工程地质条件等具有重要的理论意义,而且对未来南海岛礁工程建设具有重要指导作用。在现场地质调查的基础上,采用现场原位测试、室内试验和钻探岩芯分析等综合技术手段,分析了三亚珊瑚礁地层的演化历史,对地层结构特征、矿物成分、化学成分和土层物理力学性质进行了深入分析,将三亚海岸珊瑚礁场地划分为泻湖沉积区、砂坝堆积区和水下珊瑚生长堆积区;对各工程地质分区的工程特性和建设适宜性进行了分析评价。研究成果可以对珊瑚礁场地的地质调查、工程规划和设计提供指导和借鉴。 相似文献
7.
Wang Zhiping 《《地质学报》英文版》1989,63(2):103-114
China is rich in Middle and Carboniferous fossil corals. The coral faunas in different regions have varying characteristics and can be divided into distinct assemblages. The coral fauna in South China is dominated by the order Caninida and contains numerous endemic elements; that in North China has a lot of Middle Carboniferous corals which are monotonous in species, with Late Carboniferous solitary corals being predominant. The coral fauna in Junggar mainly contains large bi-zoned solitary caninids, while that in southern Khingan is similar to that in South China due to the presence of abundant tri-zoned compound corals. In northern Tibet the coral fauna is also similar to that in South China, but in southern Tibet it is of a cold-water type. Therefore, the Middle and Late Carboniferous coral geography of China can be divided into the Tethys, Boreal and Gondwana Realms. 相似文献
8.
本文针对我国第四纪内陆有孔虫化石群的出现及其存在问题,提出有没有非海相有孔虫以及第四纪内陆有孔虫化石群是否都与海水入侵有关等问题。作者从我国现代海岸带有孔虫群调查着手,结合国外资料,说明弱海相性有孔虫群的分布及特征,分析我国第四纪内陆有孔虫化石群的生态环境,指出弱海相性有孔虫群具有一定的指相意义,是一类非正常的海相有孔虫群,不仅存在于海岸带,也可出现在内陆环境,出现有孔虫群不一定证明有海水入侵,只要有适宜的水化学条件也可出现。推论第四纪内陆有孔虫群有的与海水有关,有的可能无关。 相似文献
9.
The concentrations of six heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn) were studied in 11 hard and 4 soft common coral species
collected from Hurghada, Wadi Al-Gemal and Gola’an along the Red Sea coast to assess the differential abilities of corals
to concentrate and assimilate the heavy metals inside soft coral tissues and hard coral skeletons. These results reveal the
order of Fe > Zn > Ni > Pb ≥ Mn > Cu. Fe recorded significant high concentrations in mushroom (funnel) forms of the soft corals
at the different sites; 125.19, 101.71 and 90.44 ppm at Gola’an, Hurghada and Wadi Al-Gemal, respectively. The soft coral
species recorded the highest average concentration of Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn than the hard corals, which were 13.22, 16.05, 13.08
and 148.17 ppm, respectively. Generally, soft corals show higher metal concentrations than the hard ones; moreover, Hurghada
recorded a higher trend of metal concentrations in soft and hard corals than the other sites. The study concluded that many
biological and local environmental factors influenced the metal occurrences and uptakes in both coral forms such as, the exposed
surface area for metal uptake, turbidity, overlying mucus thickness and the ability of metals to substitute inside the crystal
lattice of the hard corals. 相似文献
10.
C. Baars 《Geological Journal》2013,48(6):603-619
Limestone horizons of Upper Ordovician (Katian) age in southwest Wales contain diverse fossil faunas including rugose corals. The existence of Ordovician Rugosa in Wales was first reported by Murchison in the 1830s, but since then hardly any specimens have been documented systematically until this present study. Newly collected material from the area around Llanddowror (Carmarthenshire) has now confirmed the diversity of rugose corals in the Sholeshook Limestone (Katian age), an arenaceous limestone originating from the shelf edge of the palaeocontinent Avalonia. The majority of the specimens are preserved as moulds. This means that in many instances preservation of the fossils was insufficient for specific identification; nevertheless, it was possible to document a diverse rugose coral fauna, including Helicelasma, probable Grewingkia and Kenophyllum, and a potential early mucophyllid. While associated with considerable difficulties, as some diagnostic features of Rugosa are not visible in moulds, it is demonstrated here that the work with such specimens can result in faunal information which would otherwise be unobtainable. An assemblage of rugose and tabulate corals in the Sholeshook Limestone can be differentiated from a similar assemblage in the neighbouring Robeston Wathen Limestone which has a slightly different lithology. The fauna has strong similarities with other Avalonian (Irish, English, Belgian) as well as Baltic (Estonian and Norwegian) rugose coral faunas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
We have used digital photography, image analysis and measurements in the field to determine the growth rates of Quaternary corals in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia, and compared them to growth rates of similar corals in the same area. In the Quaternary deposits it was possible to measure the growth rates of two massive coral genera Porites and Favites. For each genus, the corals reworked from better‐illuminated upslope environments had higher growth rates than the in situ fossil corals. The calculated radial growth rates for the in situ Porites are slightly lower than, but of the same order of magnitude as, the modern Porites growing in 10 m water depth at Hoga (10.04 ± 3.34 mm yr?1 ± 1 s.d.; n = 3) and Kaledupa (15.26 ± 4.83 mm yr?1 ± 1 s.d.; n = 3). Sedimentation rates and underwater visibility are inferred to have been similar in the fossil site to that at the modern Kaledupa site. Decreasing light penetration due to increased water depth is inferred to have been a major influence on growth rates. The in situ massive corals with good growth banding are inferred to have grown in a comparable environment to modern Kaledupa and Hoga. The study highlights that it is possible to compare coral growth rates, and their influencing parameters, from modern and well‐preserved ancient examples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
许红 史国宁 廖宝林 陈刚 董树义 邱隆伟 李琦 罗进雄 申剑 曾晓起 王亚民 贺静 董刚 闫桂京 王宇喆 周星蕾 胡喜鹏 罗乔乔 陈竹 陶萌 纳琴 王晴 王英 沈江远 马骁 付和平 吴汉儒 马亚增 陈舒 《古地理学报》2021,23(4):771-788
珊瑚是地球上最古老的原住民,具有近6×108年的发育史,弱势群居、喜温和原地长成是珊瑚的基本特征。作者介绍了珊瑚-珊瑚礁的基本特征,综述了跨十年调查的研究区珍贵照片资料和相关认识,指出中国是全球主要的珊瑚-珊瑚礁国家,地位举足轻重;珊瑚-珊瑚礁作为地球生物多样性的代表,造岛、固礁、护鱼、防护岛岸流失,形成南海四大群岛280余座岛、礁、滩、沙,所构建庞大海洋生态系统是无与伦比的海洋生态资源和寸土寸金的南海海洋国土。提出划分南海珊瑚-珊瑚礁为中央区和周缘区2个分布区,阐述了南海中央区珊瑚-珊瑚礁的基本特征,系统汇集报道了间隔10年2个科考航次调查在浅水礁盘浮潜、至20 m水深浅潜-深潜和礁盘及开展岛、礁、滩、沙地质调查的发现,包括科学定名46种六放石珊瑚和6种八放软珊瑚等成果,同时,收集了西沙、中沙、东沙和南沙群岛海域的相关调查航次珊瑚照片;进一步阐述了单体环礁和复合环礁的特征及分布,并进行了初步对比,指出永乐环礁是南海唯一一个真正的切合达尔文模式的环礁,也是环礁发展到最高阶段的产物,构成现代海洋珊瑚-珊瑚礁形成演化研究最好的天然实验室。 相似文献
13.
The loss of coral coverage from environmental degradation is a progressive phenomenon that occurs in coral communities around the world. However, the consequences of land use changes and its impact on the state of conservation of coral communities are not yet understood. This study compares the impact of coastal land use changes on four coral communities near rural (Isla Faro and El Zapote) and suburban (Caleta de Chon and Playa Manzanillo) sites in the states of Michoacan and Guerrero, along the central Pacific coast of Mexico. Indicators of environmental degradation in coral communities (sediment deposition, water transparency, total suspended solids, and chlorophyll concentration) show that signs of eutrophication are absent from both rural sites in Michoacan. This absence suggests that human impact is not the main cause of the observed degradation (coral Mortality Index MI = 0.85, a high death coral coverage ~42% and the lowest species richness). Instead, the 1997–1998 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event (the strongest in the last decade) appears to be the major factor in this coral cover decline, as it occurred in the eastern Pacific and other regions of the world. In contrast, coral communities near the suburban sites in Guerrero are well developed, and their coral coverage and species richness (up to 67.7% and 7 species, respectively) are comparable to other major coral communities in this region. Nonetheless, indicators of human-derived degradation in the Guerrero coastal zone near Caleta de Chon and Playa Manzanillo, including high sediment deposition up to 1.2 kg m?2 d?1, low water transparency <5 m, presence of filamentous algae on dead corals and a coral Mortality Index of MI ~0.6 show that human impact is beginning to affect the conservation state of these coral communities, reducing their species richness and coral coverage. Although the ENSO impact on coral communities could be more drastic than the anthropogenic impact, the current study confirms that increased land use changes and coastal erosion are causing progressive coral community degradation. Therefore, land and coastal changes must be rigorously regulated. 相似文献
14.
Hashem Abbas Madkour 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(6):1739-1752
In order to monitor the heavy metals effect coming from both human activities and natural inputs on coral reef environments of the Egyptian Red Sea coast, metal concentrations in thirty- eight coral reef species and nearby sediment samples collected from seven studied sites were analyzed. Four sites represent impacted areas; included from south to north Hamrawein, Safaga and Hurghada Harbours and Ras El-Behar Area. Wadi El-Gemal represents natural input area while Qola'an and Kalawye Reefs are the control areas. Heavy metal contents were measured in both coral skeletons and nearby marine sediments. Both impact areas as well as natural inputs area recorded the highest values of metals compared with the control ones. However, heavy metal contents recorded high values in sediments of Hamrawein Harbour, while coral species recorded high values in Wadi El-Gemal area. Generally, metal variations in coral reef species reflect natural conditions and human activity. On the other hand, there are no clear relationships between concentrations of heavy metals in coral reef species and those in sediments. 相似文献
15.
Oligocene and Early Miocene coral assemblages from three sections of central Iran are investigated with respect to their
palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographic implications. These corals are compared with faunas from the Mediterranean Tethys
and the Indopacific. Associated larger foraminifers are used for biostratigraphy and to support the palaeoecological interpretation.
The studied sections are situated in the foreland basins of the Iranian Plate which is structured into a fore-arc and a back-arc
basin separated by a volcanic arc. The coral assemblages from Abadeh indicate a shallowing-upward trend. Infrequently distributed
solitary corals at the base of the section indicate a turbid environment. Above, a distinct horizon characterised by a Leptoseris-Stylophora assemblage associated with lepidocyclinids and planktonic foraminifers is interpreted as maximum flooding surface. Small
patch reefs with a Porites-Faviidae assemblage are a common feature of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene coral occurrences and indicate water depths of
less than 20 m. The diversity of the coral faunas shows marked differences. Oligocene corals from the Esfahan-Sirjan fore-arc
basin comprise more than 45 species of 32 genera and occur in a wide range of environments. Early Miocene corals from the
Qom back-arc basin are less frequent, show a lower diversity (13 genera with 15 species) and occur in single horizons or small
patch reefs.
Received: 4 December 1998 / Accepted: 3 June 1999 相似文献
16.
Down‐faulting at the north‐west margins of the Gulf of Aqaba is inferred to have triggered a catastrophic sedimentary event at 2.3 ka that killed the Elat fringing coral reef. Whereas segments of the Holocene reef were perfectly fossilized and preserved beneath a veneer of siliciclastic sediments, other segments were abraded, settled by nomads, and later re‐submerged under 4 m of water. Repeated damage triggered by down‐throwing earthquakes degenerate the fringing reefs of the north‐west end of the gulf. Conversely, on the north‐eastern and southern parts of the gulf, where earthquakes uplift the margins, modern reefs are thriving, attached to uplifted fossil reef terraces. Therefore, coastal subsidence moderates the development of fringing coral reefs during the late Holocene sea‐level stand still. 相似文献
17.
对扬子区中奥陶世至晚志留世四射珊瑚已发表的属种进行全面清理和厘定。现统计扬子区中奥陶世至晚志留世四射珊瑚约有117个属,其中以晚奥陶世和早志留世珊瑚属数最多。117个属中至少有30个属最早出现在扬子区中、晚奥陶世和早志留世地层。因此,扬子区被认为是奥陶纪、志留纪四射珊瑚起源中心之一。完善和修订扬子区中奥陶世至晚志留世四射珊瑚组合序列,使地层时代划分上均与国际通行标准(统、阶)接轨。尤其对扬子区早志留世Rhuddanian晚期,Aeronian早、晚期以及Telychian早、晚期四射珊瑚组合的重新建立和细分。最新资料表明晚奥陶世观音桥四射珊瑚动物群不但有更多的北欧同期的珊瑚分子,而且还产有北美标准属种Salvadorea,Brachyelasmasubregulare等说明两者也存在一定的联系。扬子区早志留世(Llandovery)的众多四射珊瑚属均为世界广布的,但也有许多地方性属(约有22个,占总数的23·4%)。就珊瑚生物古地理关系,它与同期的西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦和澳大利亚珊瑚群较密切。 相似文献
18.
柴达木盆地北缘石灰沟晚石炭世的四射珊瑚 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青海省柴达木盆地北缘晚石炭世地层出露完好，四射珊瑚化方丰富。本文研究了该区晚石炭世四射珊瑚２６属，４９种和亚种，１０个未定种。自下而上建立了５个四射珊瑚组合带：１Ｌｉｔｈｏｓｔｒｏｔｉｏｎｅｌｌａ－Ｔｈｙｓａｎｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ组合带；２Ｃｇａｔｈａｘｏｍｉａ－Ｒｏｔｉｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ组合带；３Ｐｒｏｔｏｉｖａｎｏｖｉａ－Ａｍｐｌｅｘｕｓ组合带；４ＮｅｏｋｏｎｉｃｋｏＰｈｙｌｌｕｍ－Ｋｏｎｉｎｃｋｏｐｈｇｌｌａｍ组合带；５Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｚａｐｈｒｅｔｏｉｄｅｓ－Ｌｏｐｈｏｃａｒｉｎｏｐｈｙｌｌａｍ组合带。 相似文献
19.
The NW—SE trending segments of the California coastline from Point Arena to Point Conception (500 km) and from Los Angeles to San Diego (200 km) generally parallel major right-lateral strike-slip fault systems. Minor vertical crustal movements associated with the dominant horizontal displacements along these fault systems are recorded in local sedimentary basins and slightly deformed marine terraces. Typical maximum uplift rates during Late Quaternary time are about 0.3 m/ka, based on U-series ages of corals and amino-acid age estimates of fossil mollusks from the lowest emergent terraces.In contrast, the E–W-trending segments of the California coastline between Point Conception and Los Angeles (200 km) parallel predominantly northward-dipping thrust and high-angle reverse faults of the western Transverse Ranges. Along this coast, marine terraces display significantly greater vertical deformation. Amino-acid age estimates of mollusks from elevated marine terraces along the Ventura—Santa Barbara coast imply anomalously high uplift rates of between 1 and 6 m/ka over the past 40 to 100 ka. The deduced rate of terrace uplift decreases from Ventura to Los Angeles, conforming with a similar trend observed by others in contemporary geodetic data.The more rapid rates of terrace uplift in the western Transverse Ranges reflect N—S crustal shortening that is probably a local accommodation of the dominant right-lateral shear strain along coastal California. 相似文献
20.
Ben De Mol Max Kozachenko Andy Wheeler Hugo Alvares Jean-Pierre Henriet Karine Olu-Le Roy 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(1):103-120
High-resolution seismic profiles, swath bathymetry, side-scan sonar data and video imageries are analysed in this detailed
study of five carbonate mounds from the Belgica mound province with special emphasis on the well-surveyed Thérèse Mound. The
selected mounds are located in the deepest part of the Belgica mound province at water depths of 950 m. Seismic data illustrate
that the underlying geology is characterised by drift sedimentation in a general northerly flowing current regime. Sigmoidal
sediment bodies create local slope breaks on the most recent local erosional surface, which act as the mound base. No preferential
mound substratum is observed, neither is there any indication for deep geological controls on coral bank development. Seismic
evidence suggests that the start-up of the coral bank development was shortly after a major erosional event of Late Pliocene–Quaternary
age. The coral bank geometry has been clearly affected by the local topography of this erosional base and the prevailing current
regime. The summits of the coral banks are relatively flat and the flanks are steepest on their upper slopes. Deposition of
the encased drift sequence has been influenced by the coral bank topography. Sediment waves are formed besides the coral banks
and are the most pronounced bedforms. These seabed structures are probably induced by bottom current up to 1 m/s. Large sediment
waves are colonised by living corals and might represent the initial phase of coral bank development. The biological facies
distribution of the coral banks illustrate a living coral cap on the summit and upper slope and a decline of living coral
populations toward the lower flanks. The data suggest that the development of the coral banks in this area is clearly an interaction
between biological growth processes and drift deposition both influenced by the local topography and current regime. 相似文献