共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Stuart A. Fraser William L. Power Xiaoming Wang Laura M. Wallace Christof Mueller David M. Johnston 《Natural Hazards》2014,70(1):415-445
Deterministic analysis of local tsunami generated by subduction zone earthquakes demonstrates the potential for extensive inundation and building damage in Napier, New Zealand. We present the first high-resolution assessments of tsunami inundation in Napier based on full simulation from tsunami generation to inundation and demonstrate the potential variability of onshore impacts due to local earthquakes. In the most extreme scenario, rupture of the whole Hikurangi subduction margin, maximum onshore flow depth exceeds 8.0 m within 200 m of the shore and exceeds 5.0 m in the city centre, with high potential for major damage to buildings. Inundation due to single-segment or splay fault rupture is relatively limited despite the magnitudes of MW 7.8 and greater. There is approximately 30 min available for evacuation of the inundation zone following a local rupture, and inundation could reach a maximum extent of 4 km. The central city is inundated by up to three waves, and Napier Port could be inundated repeatedly for 12 h. These new data on potential flow depth, arrival time and flow kinematics provide valuable information for tsunami education, exposure analysis and evacuation planning. 相似文献
2.
Natural disasters can neither be predicted nor prevented. Urban areas with a high population density coupled with the construction
of man-made structures are subjected to greater levels of risk to life and property in the event of natural hazards. One of
the major and densely populated urban areas in the east coast of India is the city of Chennai (Madras), which was severely
affected by the 2004 Tsunami, and mitigation efforts were severely dampened due to the non-availability of data on the vulnerability
on the Chennai coast to tsunami hazard. Chennai is prone to coastal hazards and hence has hazard maps on its earth-quake prone
areas, cyclone prone areas and flood prone areas but no information on areas vulnerable to tsunamis. Hence, mapping has to
be done of the areas where the tsunami of December 2004 had directly hit and flooded the coastal areas in Chennai in order
to develop tsunami vulnerability map for coastal Chennai. The objective of this study is to develop a GIS-based tsunami vulnerability
map for Chennai by using a numerical model of tsunami propagation together with documented observations and field measurements
of the evidence left behind by the tsunami in December 2004. World-renowned and the second-longest tourist beach in the world
“Marina” present in this region witnessed maximum death toll due to its flat topography, resulting in an inundation of about
300 m landward with high flow velocity of the order of 2 m/s. 相似文献
3.
Coastal communities in the western United States face risks of inundation by distant tsunamis that propagate across the Pacific Ocean as well as local tsunamis produced by great (Mw?>?8) earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone. In 1964, the Mw 9.2 Alaska earthquake launched a Pacific-wide tsunami that flooded Cannon Beach, a small community (population 1640) in northwestern Oregon, causing over $230,000 in damages. However, since the giant 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2010 Chile tsunami and the recent 2011 Tohoku-Oki tsunami, renewed concern over potential impacts of a Cascadia tsunami on the western US has motivated closer examination of the local hazard. This study applies a simple sediment transport model to reconstruct the flow speed of the most recent Cascadia tsunami that flooded the region in 1700 using the thickness and grain size of sand layers deposited by the waves. Sedimentary properties of sand from the 1700 tsunami deposit provide model inputs. The sediment transport model calculates tsunami flow speed from the shear velocity required to suspend the quantity and grain size distribution of the observed sand layers. The model assumes a steady, spatially uniform tsunami flow and that sand settles out of suspension forming a deposit when the flow velocity decreases to zero. Using flow depths constrained by numerical tsunami simulations for Cannon Beach, the sediment transport model calculated flow speeds of 6.5?C7.6?m/s for sites within 0.6?km of the beach and higher flow speeds (~8.8?m/s) for sites 0.8?C1.2?km inland. Flow speed calculated for sites within 0.6?km of the beach compare well with maximum velocities estimated for the largest tsunami simulation. The higher flow speeds calculated for the two sites furthest landward contrast with much lower maximum velocities (<3.8?m/s) predicted by numerical simulations. Grain size distributions of sand layers from the most distal sites are inconsistent with deposition from sediment falling out of suspension. We infer that rapid deceleration in tsunami flow and convergences in sediment transport formed unusually thick deposits. Consequently, higher flow speeds calculated by the sediment model probably overestimate the actual wave speed at sites furthest inland. 相似文献
4.
Gegar Prasetya Jose Borrero Willem de Lange Kerry Black Terry Healy 《Natural Hazards》2011,58(3):1029-1055
The tsunami inundation flows on Banda Aceh, Indonesia reached 5 km inland during the December 26, 2004, event and devastated
most of the houses, buildings, and infrastructure along the coast and killed more than 167,000 people. The overland flows
from the northwest coast and the west coast collided at Lampisang village approximately 3.7 km from Ulee Lheue (northwest
coast) and 6.8 km from Lhok Nga (west coast) as reported by survivors. Inundation modeling based on the nonlinear shallow-water
wave equations reproduces the inundation pattern and demonstrates a colliding of the overland flows. The model suggests that
wave characteristics on the northwest coast of Banda Aceh were different from those on the waves that impacted upon the west
coast. The areas, which experienced higher inundation levels, did not always experience greatest overland flow speeds, and
the damage areas mostly coincide with the flow speed distribution rather than the runup and inundation depth. 相似文献
5.
Ufuk Hancilar Issa El-Hussain Karin Sesetyan Ahmed Deif Eser Cakti Ghazi Al-Rawas Erdal Safak Khalifa Al-Jabri 《Natural Hazards》2018,92(3):1419-1432
Little Andaman, the fourth largest island in the Andaman group of islands of India, was severely affected by the December 26, 2004, Indian Ocean tsunami generated by massive earthquake of moment magnitude 9.3 Mw which devastated the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands causing heavy damage to life and property. Due to hostile terrain conditions not much information was available on the extent of inundation and run-up along the island except for Hut Bay region. In order to study the vulnerability of the island to tsunami hazard, the inundation in the island due to the 2004 tsunami was studied using TUNAMI N2 numerical model and ENVISAT ASAR datasets. The extent of inundation derived from the SAR imagery was compared using the RTK-GPS field survey points collected in the Hut Bay regions immediately after the 2004 tsunami. The extent of inundation obtained from SAR images for the entire island was compared with inundation obtained from model. It was observed that the inundation obtained from the model matched well with inundation extent from SAR imagery for nearshore regions, while for low-lying areas and creeks large deviations were observed. In the absence of field datasets, the inundation derived from SAR imagery would be effective in providing ground data to validate the numerical models which can then be run for multiple scenarios for disaster mitigation and planning operation in areas that have hostile terrain conditions. 相似文献
6.
A detailed assessment of the impact of a far-field tsunami on the Australian coastline was carried out in the Steep Point
region of Western Australia following the July 17 2006 Java tsunami. Tsunami inundation and run-up were mapped on the basis
of eyewitness accounts, debris lines, vegetation damage and the occurrence of recently deposited fish, starfish, corals and
sea urchins well above high-tide mark. A topographic survey using kinematic GPS with accuracies of 0.02 m in the horizontal
and 0.04 m in the vertical recorded flow depths of between 1 and 2 m, inundation of up to 200 m inland, and a maximum recorded
run-up of 7.9 m AHD (Australian Height Datum). The tsunami impacted the sparsely populated Steep Point coastline close to
low tide. It caused widespread erosion in the littoral zone, extensive vegetation damage and destroyed several campsites.
Eyewitnesses reported three waves in the tsunami wave train, the second being the largest. A sand sheet, up to 14 cm thick
and tapering landwards over 200 m, was deposited over coastal dunes. The deposits are predominantly composed of moderately
well-sorted, medium-grained carbonate sand with some gravel and organic debris. A basal unconformity defines the boundary
between tsunami sediments and underlying aeolian dune sand. Evidence for up to three individual waves is preserved as normally
graded sequences mantled by layers of dark grey, organic-rich fine silty sand. Given the strong wind regimes in the area and
the similarity of the underlying dune deposits to the tsunami sediments, it is likely that seasonal erosion will remove all
traces of these sediment sheets within years to decades. 相似文献
7.
8.
Hing-Ho Tsang James E. Daniell Friedemann Wenzel Amelie C. Werner 《Natural Hazards》2018,90(2):943-974
Among the coastal districts of mega city Istanbul, Bakirkoy is one of the most critical one with the importance of air and marine transportation and presence of many other coastal facilities and structures that are prone to suffer from marine hazards. In the history, the Sea of Marmara has experienced numerous earthquake and landslide events and associated tsunamis. Therefore, tsunami risk assessment is essential for all coastal districts of Istanbul, including Bakirkoy district. In this study, a further developed methodology for tsunami human vulnerability and risk assessment Metropolitan Tsunami Human Vulnerability Assessment (MeTHuVA) is applied for Bakirkoy district of Istanbul, considering earthquake generated tsunamis. High-resolution tsunami hazard analysis is performed with the integration of coastal inundation computation with tsunami numerical tool NAMI DANCE and tsunami human vulnerability assessment with GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis methods (MCDA). Using analytical hierarchy process method of MCDA, a hierarchical structure is established, composed of two main elements of tsunami human vulnerability: Vulnerability at Location and Evacuation Resilience. Tsunami risk assessment for Bakirkoy district is calculated by integrating result of hazard and vulnerability assessments with a risk relation that includes a parameter (n), which represents the preparedness and awareness level of the community. Tsunami simulations revealed that the maximum inundation distance is over 350 m on land and water penetrates almost 1700 m along Ayamama stream. Inundation is observed in eleven neighborhoods of Bakirkoy district. In the inundation zone, maximum flow depth is found to be over 5.7 m. The inundated area forms 4.2% of whole Bakirkoy district, and 62 buildings are located in the inundation zone. Hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment results for different neighborhoods of Bakirkoy district are presented and discussed. 相似文献
9.
Reconstructing the pattern and depth of flow onshore in a palaeotsunami from associated deposits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The widespread sheets of fine particulate sediment frequently deposited by tsunami constitute valuable evidence from which to reconstruct tsunami inundation. This is illustrated with evidence from three sites near Montrose, in eastern Scotland, U.K., where a horizon of mainly sand, laid down during the Holocene Storegga Slide palaeotsunami of circa 8000 BP is examined. The horizon is remarkably consistent in its distribution, morphology, stratigraphy, and particle size characteristics. These properties allow inferences to be made on the nature of tsunami flow onshore and run-up. It is suggested that estimates can be made of the possible depth of water involved from the characteristics of the sediment, and thus of the extent of inundation involved in the tsunami at these sites. 相似文献
10.
Nagapattinam, in the east coast of India, was severely affected during the deadliest Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26,
2004. The tsunami caused heavy damage to life and property, and the death toll was about 3,378 in Nagapattinam taluk. Certain
villages along the coast witnessed large inundation while adjacent villages were protected from the fury of the tsunami waves.
This study was carried out to examine the underlying causes for the vulnerability along Nagapattinam coast with the help of
field observations, remote sensing, and geographical information system as tools. Coastal areas with high sand dunes have
been protected from tsunami, and areas adjacent to backwaters were inundated. Realtime Kinematic Global Positioning System
and high-resolution satellite data were used to map the topographic information and maximum extent of inundation. Thematic
maps on land use, land cover, and coastal geomorphology were generated using remote sensing and field data. Using field data
as the primary source of information, tsunami hazard maps have been generated for Nagapattinam. 相似文献
11.
George R. Priest Chris Goldfinger Kelin Wang Robert C. Witter Yinglong Zhang António M. Baptista 《Natural Hazards》2010,54(1):27-73
To explore the local tsunami hazard from the Cascadia subduction zone we (1) evaluate geologically reasonable variability
of the earthquake rupture process, (2) specify 25 deterministic earthquake sources, and (3) use resulting vertical coseismic
deformations for simulation of tsunami inundation at Cannon Beach, Oregon. Maximum runup was 9–30 m (NAVD88) from earthquakes
with slip of ~8–38 m and M
w ~8.3–9.4. Minimum subduction zone slip consistent with three tsunami deposits was 14–15 m. By assigning variable weights
to the source scenarios using a logic tree, we derived percentile inundation lines that express the confidence level (percentage)
that a Cascadia tsunami will not exceed the line. Ninety-nine percent of Cascadia tsunami variation is covered by runup ≤30 m and 90% ≤16 m with a “preferred”
(highest weight) value of ~10 m. A hypothetical maximum-considered distant tsunami had runup of ~11 m, while the historical
maximum was ~6.5 m. 相似文献
12.
A Human Damage Prediction Method for Tsunami Disasters Incorporating Evacuation Activities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study presents a tsunami human damage prediction method employing numerical calculation and GIS (Geographical Information System) for Usa town, Tosa City, Shikoku Island, Japan. Sometime near the end of the first half of the twenty-first century, a huge earthquake is predicted to occur along the Nankai trough and costal areas facing the Pacific ocean of Shikoku Island. Much damage due to the resultant tsunamis will be caused, therefore, it is necessary to predict the extent of human damage for every town in high-risk areas.The number of tsunami victims was estimated by population in areas of maximum inundation. The number of deaths as a result of tsunami was estimated by a method which employed accumulated death toll of every area in terms of time and space, taking into account consideration of time necessary to begin to seek refuge after an earthquake, tsunami inundation depth on land, flow velocity and evacuation speed. As a result of this study a rapid decrease in death toll by early evacuation was shown quantitatively for the first time.Thus, with the method presented here, it is possible to estimate the extent of tsunami human damage on coastal regions, and may be useful as a tsunami human damage countermeasure. 相似文献
13.
Aggeliki Barberopoulou Mark R. Legg Burak Uslu Costas E. Synolakis 《Natural Hazards》2011,58(1):479-496
We assess tsunami hazards in San Diego Bay, California, using newly identified offshore tsunami sources and recently available
high resolution bathymetric/topographic data. Using MOST (Titov and Synolakis, J Waterways Port Coastal Ocean Eng ASCE 124(4):57–171,
1998), we simulate locally, regionally and distant-generated tsunamis. Local tsunami source models use more realistic fault
and landslide data than previous efforts. With the exception of the Alaska-Aleutian Trench, modeling results suggest that
local sources are responsible for the largest waves within the San Diego Bay and Mission Bay. Because San Diego Bay is relatively
well protected by North Island and the Silver Strand, the wave heights predicted are consistently smaller inside the harbor
than outside. However, historical accounts, recent tsunamis and our predictions show that San Diego Bay is vulnerable to strong
tsunami induced currents. More specifically, large currents are expected inside the harbor for various distant and local tsunami
sources with estimated flow velocities exceeding 100 cm/s. Such currents have been damaging to harbor facilities, such as
wharves and piers, and may cause boats to break from moorings and ram into adjacent harbor structures, as observed in recent
historic tsunamis. More recently, following the M
w
8.8 February 27, 2010 Chile earthquake, tsunami-currents damaged docks/piers in Shelter Island confirming our findings. We
note that the first generation of inundation maps in use in San Diego County by emergency management was based on much larger
“worst case but realistic scenarios” (Synolakis et al. 2002a), which reflected the understanding of offshore hazards pervasive ten years ago. Large inundation and overland flow depths
were observed primarily in local tsunami source simulations. In particular, locally induced tsunamis appear capable to overtop
the Silver Strand. The results suggest that further work needs to be carried out with respect to local tsunami sources as
they seem to have worse impact in the San Diego region than previously thought but probably low probability of occurrence.
We also predict that a coastal community can be devastated simultaneously by large waves inundating shores and large currents
in locations with small flow depths. 相似文献
14.
Community-scale estimates of building damage and economic loss are modeled for Seaside, Oregon, for Cascadia subduction zone events ranging from 8.7 to 9.3 MW with corresponding slip distances of 3–25 m considering only the effects of the tsunami. Numerical simulations are obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s method of splitting tsunami model which includes a source model, subsidence, and calculations of the propagation and inundation flow characteristics. The damage estimates are based on fragility curves from the literature which relate flow depth with probability of damage for two different structural materials of buildings. Calculations are performed at the parcel level for the inundation hazard without including damage caused by the earthquake itself. Calculations show that the severity of building damage in Seaside is sensitive to the magnitude of the event or degree of slip because the majority of the city is located on low-lying coastal land within the estimated inundation zone. For the events modeled, the percentage of building within the inundation zone ranges from 9 to 88 %, with average direct economic losses ranging from $2 million to $1.2 billion. 相似文献
15.
The National Geophysical Data Center and co-located World Data Center for Geophysics and Marine Geology provide integrated access to historical tsunami event, deposit, and proxy data. Historical events are important for understanding the frequency and intensity of relatively recent tsunamis. Deposit data collected during post-tsunami field surveys provide information on tsunami erosion, sedimentation, flow depths, inundation, and run-up. Deposit data from prehistoric tsunami events extend the record to pre-recorded times, constrain tsunami recurrence intervals, and estimate the minimum magnitude of tsunami inundation. Proxies indicate that an event capable of producing a tsunami occurred, but are not direct evidence of a tsunami. All of these data are used to develop tsunami hazard assessments, provide guidance to warning centers, validate models, inform community preparedness efforts, and educate the public about tsunami risks. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents a simple model for tsunami sedimentation that can be applied to calculate tsunami flow speed from the thickness and grain size of a tsunami deposit (the inverse problem). For sandy tsunami deposits where grain size and thickness vary gradually in the direction of transport, tsunami sediment transport is modeled as a steady, spatially uniform process. The amount of sediment in suspension is assumed to be in equilibrium with the steady portion of the long period, slowing varying uprush portion of the tsunami. Spatial flow deceleration is assumed to be small and not to contribute significantly to the tsunami deposit. Tsunami deposits are formed from sediment settling from the water column when flow speeds on land go to zero everywhere at the time of maximum tsunami inundation. There is little erosion of the deposit by return flow because it is a slow flow and is concentrated in topographic lows. Variations in grain size of the deposit are found to have more effect on calculated tsunami flow speed than deposit thickness. The model is tested using field data collected at Arop, Papua New Guinea soon after the 1998 tsunami. Speed estimates of 14 m/s at 200 m inland from the shoreline compare favorably with those from a 1-D inundation model and from application of Bernoulli's principle to water levels on buildings left standing after the tsunami. As evidence that the model is applicable to some sandy tsunami deposits, the model reproduces the observed normal grading and vertical variation in sorting and skewness of a deposit formed by the 1998 tsunami. 相似文献
17.
G. Gopinath F. Løvholt G. Kaiser C. B. Harbitz K. Srinivasa Raju M. Ramalingam Bhoop Singh 《Natural Hazards》2014,72(2):743-769
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami had a significant impact on the Tamil Nadu coast in India. In this paper, a range of field survey data collected by different survey teams available in literature have been analyzed and compiled to serve as a basis for validation of numerical tsunami simulations. The individual field surveys reveal a significant scatter in the run-up data between the different teams, which point out that the uncertainty in these data must be taken into account when using them for validation. The inundation of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami is simulated for the coastlines of Chennai and Nagapattinam based on high-resolution topography. Different spatially uniform Manning friction as well as heterogeneous friction maps is used. Overall, the simulation results showed a good agreement with the field observations, but there are also some observed spatial variability in the goodness of the fit between the data and simulations. In some areas, clear discrepancies are found. The results obtained using detailed land use maps including spatially variable friction are not significantly more accurate than those employing spatially constant values. For most areas, parameters indicating relatively low friction provided best match with the observations. This may also suggest that the inundation is often strongly governed by local variations in topography. 相似文献
18.
The last great earthquake in northern Chile took place in 1877, and the ensuing tsunami affected not only that region but also Central Chile. For example, the Bay of Concepción, which is located 1,500 km south of the tsunami source, experienced an inundation height of around 3 m. Ports are important in the Chilean economy, due to the fact that a large percentage of Chilean exports (excluding copper) use ports located in Central Chile. With this in mind, the authors investigated the potential effect of an 1877-like tsunami on the main ports of Central Chile. To do this, the dispersive wave model Non-hydrostatic Evolution of Ocean WAVEs was used. In addition, the first tsunami forecast model for Talcahuano, inside the Bay of Concepción, was developed by means of numerical simulation of several events of different moment magnitudes. The results showed that most of the important ports (Valparaiso, San Antonio, San Vicente and Coronel) had inundation heights on the order of just 1 m, while inundation levels in Talcahuano reached up to 3.5 m. The forecast model for Talcahuano uses only earthquake magnitude, focal depth and tide level to determine tsunami inundation heights. In addition, the tsunami arrival time was computed to be 3 h, and the maximum tsunami amplitude takes place at 4 h and 45 min after the earthquake. 相似文献
19.
The post-depositional changes of the onshore 2004 tsunami deposits on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Witold Szczuciński 《Natural Hazards》2012,60(1):115-133
The Indian Ocean tsunami flooded the coastal zone of the Andaman Sea and left tsunami deposits with a thickness of a few millimetres
to tens of centimetres over a roughly one-kilometre-wide tsunami inundation zone. The preservation potential and the post-depositional
changes of the onshore tsunami deposits in the coastal plain setting, under conditions of a tropical climate with high seasonal
rainfall, were assessed by reinvestigating trenches located along 13 shore-perpendicular transects; the trenches were documented
shortly after the tsunami and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 years. The tsunami deposits were found preserved after 4 years at only half
of the studied sites. In about 30% of the sites, the tsunami deposits were not preserved due to human activity; in a further
20% of the sites, the thin tsunami deposits were eroded or not recognised due to new soil formation. The most significant
changes took place during the first rainy season when the relief of the tsunami deposits was levelled; moderate sediment redeposition
took place, and fine surface sediments were washed away, which frequently left a residual layer of coarse sand and gravel.
The fast recovery of new plant cover stabilised the tsunami deposits and protected them against further remobilisation during
the subsequent years. After five rainy seasons, tsunami deposits with a thickness of at least a few centimetres were relatively
well preserved; however, their internal structures were often significantly blurred by roots and animal bioturbation. Moreover,
soil formation within the deposits caused alterations, and in the case of thin layers, it was not possible to recognise them
anymore. Tsunami boulders were only slightly weathered but not moved. Among the various factors influencing the preservation
potential, the thickness of the original tsunami deposits is the most important. A comparison between the first post-tsunami
survey and the preserved record suggests that tsunamis with a run-up smaller than three metres are not likely to be preserved;
for larger tsunamis, only about 50% of their inundation area is likely to be presented by the preserved extent of the tsunami
deposits. Any modelling of paleotsunamis from their deposits must take into account post-depositional changes. 相似文献
20.
Lea Obrocki Andreas Vött Dennis Wilken Peter Fischer Timo Willershäuser Benjamin Koster Franziska Lang Ioannis Papanikolaou Wolfgang Rabbel Klaus Reicherter 《Sedimentology》2020,67(3):1274-1308
The western Peloponnese was repeatedly hit by major tsunami impacts during historical times as reported by historical accounts and recorded in earthquake and tsunami catalogues. Geological signatures of past tsunami impacts have also been found in many coastal geological archives. During the past years, abundant geomorphological and sedimentary evidence of repeated Holocene tsunami landfall was found between Cape Katakolo and the city of Kyparissia. Moreover, neotectonic studies revealed strong crust uplift along regional faults with amounts of uplift between 13 m and 30 m since the mid-Holocene. This study focuses on the potential of direct push in situ sensing techniques to detect tsunami sediments along the Gulf of Kyparissia. Direct push measurements were conducted on the landward shores of the Kaiafa Lagoon and the former Mouria Lagoon from which sedimentary and microfaunal evidence for tsunami landfall are already known. Direct push methods helped to decipher in situ high-resolution stratigraphic records of allochthonous sand sheets that are used to document different kinds of sedimentological and geomorphological characteristics of high-energy inundation, such as abrupt increases in grain size, integration of muddy rip-up clasts and fining upward sequences which are representative of different tsunami inundation pulses. These investigations were completed by sediment coring as a base for local calibration of geophysical direct push parameters. Surface-based electrical resistivity tomography and seismic data with highly resolved vertical direct push datasets and sediment core data were all coupled in order to improve the quality of the geophysical models. Details of this methodological approach, new in palaeotsunami research, are presented and discussed, especially with respect to the question of how the obtained results may help to facilitate tracing tsunami signatures in the sedimentary record and deciphering geomorphological characteristics of past tsunami inundation. Using direct push techniques and based on sedimentary data, sedimentary signatures of two young tsunami impacts that hit the Kaiafa Lagoon were detected. Radiocarbon age control allowed the identification of these tsunami layers as candidates for the ad 551 and ad 1303 earthquake and tsunami events. For these events, there is reliable historical data on major damage on infrastructure in western Greece and on the Peloponnese. At the former Mouria Lagoon, corroborating tsunami traces were found; however, in this case it is difficult to decide whether these signatures were caused by the ad 551 or the ad 1303 event. 相似文献