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1.
V. I. Man’kovskii G. A. Tolkachenko E. B. Shibanov O. V. Martynov E. N. Korchemkina D. V. Yakovleva I. A. Kalinskii 《Physical Oceanography》2010,20(3):207-230
We present the results of measurements of optical characteristics of waters (the beam attenuation coefficient, volume scattering
function, sea water reflectance, and Secchi depth) and optical characteristics of the atmosphere (aerosol optical thickness,
content of vapors, and the ?ngstr?m exponent) carried out in September 2008 on the oceanographic platform near Katsiveli.
We carried out the comparative analysis of hydrooptical characteristics measured in various years. The optical type of sea
waters in the period of observations is determined. 相似文献
2.
In order to study the mechanism of flow-sediment movement, it is essential to obtain measured data of water hydrodynamic and sediment concentration process with high spatial and temporal resolution in the bottom boundary layer (BBL). Field observations were carried out in the northwest Caofeidian sea area in the Bohai Bay. Near 2 m isobath (under the lowest tidal level), a tripod system was installed with AWAC (Acoustic Wave And Current), ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers), OBS-3A (Optical Backscatter Point Sensor), ADV (Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters), etc. The accurate measurement of the bottom boundary layer during a single tidal period was carried out, together with a long-term sediment concentration measurement under different hydrological conditions. All the measured data were used to analyze the characteristics of wave-current-sediment movement and the BBL. Analysis was performed on flow structure, shear stress, roughness, eddy viscosity and other parameters of the BBL. Two major findings were made. Firstly, from the measured data, the three-layer distribution model of the velocity profiles and eddy viscosities in the wave-current BBL are proposed in the observed sea area; secondly, the sediment movement is related closely to wind-waves in the muddy coast area where sediment is clayey silt: 1) The observed suspended sediment concentration under light wind conditions is very low, with the peak value generally smaller than 0.1 kg/m3 and the average value being 0.03 kg/m3; 2) The sediment concentration increases continuously under the gales over 6-7 in Beaufort scale, under a sustained wind action. The measured peak sediment concentration at 0.4 m above the seabed is 0.15-0.32 kg/m3, and the average sediment concentration during wind-wave action is 0.08-0.18 kg/m3, which is about 3-6 times the value under light wind conditions. The critical wave height signaling remarkable changes of sediment concentration is 0.5 m. The results show that the suspended load sediment concentration is mainly influenced by wave-induced sediment suspension. 相似文献
3.
The research into hydrodynamic loading on ocean structures has concentrated mostly on circular cross-section members and relatively limited work has been carried out on wave loading on other cross-sections such as rectangular sections. These find applications in many offshore structures as columns and pontoons in semi-submersibles and tension-leg platforms. The present investigation demonstrates the behaviour of rectangular cylinders subject to wave loading and also supplies the hydrodynamic coefficients for the design of these sections.This paper presents the results of wave forces acting on a surface piercing truncated rectangular cylinder set vertically in a towing tank. The experiments are carried out in a water depth of 2.2 m with regular and random waves for low Keulegan–Carpenter number up to 6. The rectangular cylinder is of 2 m length, 0.2 m breadth and 0.4 m width with a submergence depth of 1.45 m from still water level. Based on Morison equation, the relationship between inertia and drag coefficients are evaluated and are presented as a function of KC number for various values of frequency parameter β, for two aspect ratios of cylinders, equals to 1/2 and 2/1. Drag and inertia coefficients obtained through regular wave tests are used for the random wave analysis to compute the in-line force spectrum.The results of the experiments show the drag and inertia coefficients are strongly affected by the variation in the aspect ratios of the cylinder. The drag coefficients decreases and inertia coefficients increases with increase in Keulegan–Carpenter number up to the range of KC number tested. The random wave results show a good correlation between measured and computed force spectrums. The transverse forces in both regular and random waves are found to be small compared to in-line forces. 相似文献
4.
Yuan Yaochu Arata Kaneko Wang Huiqun Zhu Xiaohu Su Jilan Noriaki Goh Chen Hong Fang Tongde 《海洋学报(英文版)》1999,18(3):311-324
INTRODUCFIONTheKuroshioeastofTaiwanIslandflowsnorthwardandenterstheEastChinaalgathroughapaSSagebetweenTaiwanIslandandlriomote-shima.TOstudyfurthertheKuroshiothereandestimateitstransPOrt,itisnecessarytoobservetheKuroshioCurrentdirectly.Therehavebeen*ThisstudywassupportedbytheNationalNaturalaudienceFoundationofChinaundercontractNo.49476278.severaldirectobservationsoftheKuroshionearTaiwanIsland.Forexample,thedirectcurrentmeasurementat(24'24'N1123'35'E)byinabaetal.(1981)showedtheapp… 相似文献
5.
Prediction of ship motions at high Froude number is carried out using a time domain strip theory in which the unsteady hydrodynamic problem is treated in terms of the motion of fixed strips of the water as hull sections pass through it. The Green function solution is described and the integration of the ship motion carried out by an averaging method to ensure stability of the solution. The method is validated by comparison with tank data for conventional slender hulls suitable for catamarans, small water area twin hull (SWATH) forms and hulls suitable for high-speed monohulls. Motion computations are then carried out for 14 designs with an operating speed of 40 kts and a displacement of 1000 tonnes. The vessels are assumed not to be fitted with motion control systems for the purposes of this comparative study. Motion sickness incidence is predicted to rise to between 42 and 72% depending upon the hull design in 3 m head seas of average period 7.5 s. MSI values reduce in smaller seas with a shorter average period to be less than 15% in all cases in 1m seas with an average period of 5.5 s. 相似文献
6.
Wave energy resource assessment and trends around Indonesian's ocean has been carried out by means of analyzing satellite observations. Wave energy flux or wave power can be approximated using parameterized sea states derived from satellite data. Unfortunately, only some surface parameters can be measured from remote sensing satellites, for example for ocean surface waves: significant wave height. Others, like peak wave period and energy period are not available, but can instead be estimated using empirical models. The results have been assessed by meteorological season. The assessment shows clearly where and when the wave power resource is promising around Indonesian's ocean. The most striking result was found from June to August, in which about 30–40 kW/m(the 90 th percentile: 40–60 kW/m, the 99th percentile: 50–70 kW/m) wave power energy on average has been found around south of the Java Island. The significant trends of wave energy at the 95% level have also been studied and it is found that the trends only occurred for the extreme cases, which is the 99th percentile(i.e.,highest 1%). Wave power energy could increase up to 150 W/m per year. The significant wave heights and wave power have been compared with the results obtained from global wave model hindcast carried out by wave model WAVEWATCH III. The comparisons indicated excellent agreements. 相似文献
7.
根据遥感水深反演原理,利用海南岛龙湾港的WorldView-2多光谱卫星数据和海图水深资料,通过对水深进行0~2,2~5,5~10,10~15和15~20 m的分区处理、潮汐改正和海图水深数据与相应图像波段反射率值的相关性分析及回归分析,建立了浅海水深线性回归反演模型,开展了浅海水深的实际计算与精度分析。结果表明:对不同水深范围分别建立线性回归模型反演的水深精度要高于未分区建立的模型;分区模型中,多波段模型在0~5 m的反演精度最高,而双波段比值模型在5~20 m的反演精度最高,但是反演水深在最浅处的精度还有待提高。本文方法提取的水深与海图水深数据变化趋势基本相似,可以满足海洋科学研究对大范围浅水水下地形探测的要求。 相似文献
8.
Williams K.L. Henyey F.S. Rouseff D. Reynolds S.A. Ewart T.E. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2001,26(1):102-112
An experiment was carried out over a nine day period from August 18 to 27, 1996 to examine acoustic wave propagation in random media at frequencies applicable to synthetic aperture sonar. The objective was to test experimentally the hypothesized imaging effects of variations in the sound speed along two different acoustic paths as put forth by F.S. Henyey et al. (1997). The focus of this paper is on describing the experiment and carrying out an initial analysis of the data in the context of the effect of ocean internal waves on imaging resolution. The oceanography is summarized to the extent needed to discuss important aspects relative to the acoustics experiment. In the acoustics experiment transmissions at 6, 20, 75, and 129 kHz between sources and receiver arrays were carried out. Source to receiver separation was about 815 m. All sources and receivers were mounted on bottom-deployed towers and were at least 9 m off the seafloor. The analysis concentrates on the 75-kHz data acquired during one day of the experiment. The time span examined Is sufficient to examine a diurnal tidal cycle of the oceanographic conditions. The results indicate the IW phase perturbations would have a significant effect on imaging for even the most benign conditions of the experiment if no autofocusing scheme is used. Also, though autofocusing should be useful in recovering the focus for these conditions, there are conditions (e.g., for the path that has a turning point at the thermocline and during times when solibores are present), where more sophisticated compensation schemes would be needed 相似文献
9.
V. A. Blinkov 《Physical Oceanography》1999,10(2):183-192
We describe the characteristics of a towed complex used for measurements in the upper layer of the ocean under the conditions
of periodic deepening and lifting (scanning) of a carrier with sensors connected with the ship by a weight-carrying cable
of constant lengt. For a maximum scanning range of 0–200 m and a towing speed of up to 12 knots, the measurements were performed
every 1.5–2.0 km. The minimum vertical scale of recorded temperature and conductivity inhomogeneities is 0.05–0.08 m. We present
the results of measurements carried out by the towed complex in a section of the frontal zone in the north-east part of the
Tropical Atlantic.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
10.
防城港位于广西壮族自治区的南部,北部弯的顶部,它是我国南方新建的万旽级重要港口。该港在开发过程中遇到的关键问题之一是外航道有拦门沙,水深只有3.2m,拦门沙开挖以后是否会出现泥沙淤积影响正常通航，对此必须作出科学预测。中国科学院海洋研究所受交通部委托,与交通部广州航道局和广西交通局勘察设计院等单位协作,于1974年至1978年进行了系统的调查研究,并先后提出了《踏勘报告》和《调査研究报告》。根据我们对地质地貌的历史演变、泥沙来源及泥沙运动规律的研究，推测拦门沙开挖后泥沙洄淤量不大,开发前景良好,为该港的建设提供了科学依据。经过将近三年的实践检验,结论基本上符合事实。本文即是在上述报告的基础上撰写的。 相似文献
11.
东太湖水环境质量调查及保护对策 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据１９９１年２月－１９９４年１０月对太湖的水质监测，分析了东太湖水质现状、变化及发展趋势，并提出一些保护水质的对策。适当网围养鱼对东太湖水质影响不大，相反可延缓东太湖的沼泽和富营养化进程。 相似文献
12.
In this paper, effort is made to demonstrate the quality of high-resolution regional ocean circulation model in realistically simulating the circulation and variability properties of the northern Indian Ocean(10°S–25°N,45°–100°E) covering the Arabian Sea(AS) and Bay of Bengal(BoB). The model run using the open boundary conditions is carried out at 10 km horizontal resolution and highest vertical resolution of 2 m in the upper ocean.The surface and sub-surface structure of hydrographic variables(temperature and salinity) and currents is compared against the observations during 1998–2014(17 years). In particular, the seasonal variability of the sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and surface currents over the model domain is studied. The highresolution model's ability in correct estimation of the spatio-temporal mixed layer depth(MLD) variability of the AS and BoB is also shown. The lowest MLD values are observed during spring(March-April-May) and highest during winter(December-January-February) seasons. The maximum MLD in the AS(BoB) during December to February reaches 150 m (67 m). On the other hand, the minimum MLD in these regions during March-April-May becomes as low as 11–12 m. The influence of wind stress, net heat flux and freshwater flux on the seasonal variability of the MLD is discussed. The physical processes controlling the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature are investigated by carrying out mixed layer heat budget analysis. It is found that air-sea fluxes play a dominant role in the seasonal evolution of sea surface temperature of the northern Indian Ocean and the contribution of horizontal advection, vertical entrainment and diffusion processes is small. The upper ocean zonal and meridional volume transport across different sections in the AS and BoB is also computed. The seasonal variability of the transports is studied in the context of monsoonal currents. 相似文献
13.
Imran M. Momin Neeraj Agarwal Rashmi Sharma Neetu Sujit Basu Abhijit Sarkar 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1):66-81
Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) simulations from 1970–2007 are used to study the upper ocean heat content variability in the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). Model computed heat contents up to 50 m (denoted by HC50 m hereafter) representing upper ocean heat content and 300 m (HC300 m) representing heat content up to thermocline depth are first compared with heat contents computed from observations of two buoys in the TIO. It is found that there is good agreement between the model and observations. Fourier analysis of heat content is carried out in different regions of TIO. The amplitudes of semi-annual variability for HC50 m and HC300 m are observed to be greater than those for the annual variability in the Bay of Bengal, while in the Arabian Sea there is a mixed result. Heat content tendency is known to be governed by net surface heat flux and horizontal as well as vertical heat transports. For understanding the relative importance of these processes, a detailed analysis of these terms in the tendency equation is carried out. Rossby wave is observed in the annual mode of heat transport while equatorial jet and Kelvin waves are observed in the semi-annual mode of heart transport. Finally, the correlation between heat content and sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level anomaly (SLA), taken one at a time, is computed. It is found that the correlation improves significantly when both these quantities are together taken into account. 相似文献
14.
锦州油田无碱二元复合驱实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对锦州油田的条件及开采现状，进行了α烯烃磺酸盐类表面活性剂HDS及SNF聚合物组成的二元复合体系（SIP）提高采收率的室内研究。考查了HDS表面活性剂的界面张力特性以及吸附特征；进行了二元复合体系的界面张力、表观黏度及岩心驱替等实验。结果表明：HDS表面活性剂油水平衡界面张力可以降低到超低数量级（10mN／m），吸附损失小（0．2％浓度HDS≤2．0mg／g）；二元复合体系油水平衡界面张力也能达到超低；黏度保持率高（≥90％），配伍性好，相对水驱提高采收率20％以上。故HDS表面活性剂是性能优良的表面活性剂，HDS与SNF聚合物组成的无碱二元复合体系能大大提高锦州油田的采收率，无碱二元复合驱是适合锦州油田开发的新技术。 相似文献
15.
本文根据《全国海洋能资源区划技术规定》的要求,首先对浙江及长江口区沿岸潮流流速在2.5kn以上的港湾、水道进行了潮流能资源调查研究,并在查明该区潮流能资源蕴藏量及分布的基础上,为潮流能的开发利用提供了科学依据。此外,本文对潮流能资源开发利用的现状及今后开发研究问题提出了一些看法和建议。 相似文献
16.
Oceanographical features on both sides of Balingtang Channel (17°55'-20°06'N,122°55'-126°57'E) were comprehensively investigated on board of R/V "Experiment 3" in June.1984.The present paper reports the chlorophyll data collected and primary productivity estimated there.Water samples were taken with a glass bottle of Model HQM1-2 at the depth of 0,10.25,50,75,100 and 150 m,separately.Chlorophyll was determined according to the spectrophotometry proposed by UNESCO(1966) and calculated with the trichromatic equations of Jeffrey-Humphrey(1975).Estimations of primary productivity were carried out using a simplified equation (Q=1.5) given by Cadée(1975). 相似文献
17.
使用SP2100波潮仪和ADCP海流计等多种先进仪器在台风季节进行了波浪、海流和潮汐观测,在取得大量现场观测子料基础上,结合长期的岸站资料对该海域的水文特征及水动力特征进行了系统综合分析。通过2002年对日照港深水航道海域含沙量和水深测量等成果,进行断面输沙、航道冲淤量及航道海域泥沙数值模拟等方面的计算,并采用POM模式。选择了几种有代表性的风浪情况,分别对港口附近海域进行了“波浪掀沙、潮流输沙和海底演变”的数值模拟。通过上述方法,对1998年12月竣工的-11m水深的航道的淤积状况进行了探讨,并推荐方案1为深水航道的首选方案,方案5居次。 相似文献
18.
19.
陈宝松 《海洋学报(英文版)》1985,4(1):135-142
Nine experiments were carried out on 39 healthy male adults for a total of 54 decompressions from N2-O2 saturation diving at the denths of 20-50 m. Excess supersaturation pressures of nitrogen dissolved in 1200 min tissue were calculated at all depths in decompression. In Exp. Ⅷ when chamber pressure was decompressed from 50 m to 35 m, a slight decompression sickness occurred, while AAAP1200 reached 7.05 m. Based on the above-mentioned analysis and calculation, the stage decompression schedules of N2-O2 saturation exposure at 36.5 m were revised. 相似文献
20.
为了解浙江苍南海域无居民海岛岩相潮间带生物群落组成与结构,于2019年3月对该海域内11个无居民海岛进行了潮间带生物调查,对采集到的样品进行鉴定,并计算了栖息密度、生物量和生物多样性指数。11个无居民海岛共鉴定出58种潮间带生物,平均栖息密度和平均生物量分别为857±205 ind/m2和2 847.83±1 032.50 g/m2,各断面的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′、Pielou均匀度指数J和Margalef丰富度指数D范围分别为1.07~1.61, 0.66~0.83和0.54~1.30。与大陆沿岸潮间带相比,无居民海岛生态系统独特,拥有更多的生物资源,具有重要的生态价值,需要重视并加强保护。 相似文献