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1.
北大巴山与志留纪火山作用相关的碳酸盐岩沉积学特征及形成环境 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
生物碎屑灰岩、生物礁是造山带内最为常见的岩石类型之一,它们可以形成于多种构造环境。研究这些岩石组合的结构组成及生物赋存状态可为古地理恢复及造山带演化提供依据。分布于北大巴山地区与富TiO2碱性火山岩紧密相关的碳酸盐岩组合长期以来被认为是被动陆缘台地相组合。该套碳酸盐岩组合主要由生物礁、生物碎屑灰岩、砂屑灰岩、泥质灰岩、角砾灰岩共同构成。砂屑灰岩及生物灰岩中常伴随有薄层凝灰岩夹层;同时这些碳酸盐岩中富含不同比例的火山碎屑成分,发育粒序层理、平行层理、波纹斜层理和滑塌构造。生物碎屑灰岩通常与凝灰质砂岩、泥岩构成韵律层,火山质碎屑在类岩石中主要表现为粒径0.5~3 mm的棱角状—次棱角状玄武岩和凝灰岩碎屑,具有近源沉积特征;生物礁中通常出现1~2.5 cm棱角状—次棱角状玄武岩碎屑,且在生物礁之间的砂岩夹层中含有丰富的0.5~1 mm的次圆状玄武岩碎屑;砂屑灰岩中含有棱角状—次棱角状玄武岩和辉石两类碎屑,其中辉石碎屑粒径通常为1~2 mm,同时该类岩石中还含有丰富的黄铁矿,这些黄铁矿通常因其粒径变化而发育粒序结构特征。角砾状灰岩可分别由砂屑灰岩、生物礁及生物碎屑灰岩构成,也可由三者共同构成,玄武岩碎屑仅出现于角砾状生物礁灰岩中。这些碳酸盐岩中的生物化石具有曾经历过明显的搬运改造特征,其中生物碎屑灰岩和砂屑灰岩中的化石碎屑以次圆状为主,生物礁中的生物化石平行于砂岩夹层分布且发生不同程度的压扁和挤压变形,岩石中普遍发育滑塌沉积构造。这些特征共同表明,该套碳酸盐岩与下伏的碱性玄武岩形成密切相关,二者共同构成了与现代大洋中典型洋岛/海山相一致的结构特征,且这些碳酸盐岩多沿着下伏玄武岩的周边沉积,具有深水—斜坡环境的沉积组合,同时因其中所包含的生物化石经历了一定距离搬运作用而发生再沉积,进一步表明这些生物发育时代可能要略微早于该套火山—沉积组合的形成时代。 相似文献
2.
羌塘盆地南部双湖地区曲色组地层发育大量碳酸盐岩结核,这些结核多呈丘状、椭球状、透镜状、似层状、脉状、树枝状产出。其物质组分主要为泥微晶碳酸盐矿物,少量粘土矿物、石英及草莓状、半自形黄铁矿等。草莓状黄铁矿平均粒径在5.0μm左右,内部可见葵花状构造。发育凝块状、气孔状和渗漏孔等特殊构造。产双壳类、菊石类、蠕虫状或树枝状生物及超微生物化石,生物密度极高。碳同位素明显负偏,硫同位素则明显正偏,其特征与现代海底天然气水合物的渗漏、释放所形成的冷泉碳酸盐岩机理一致,因而推测为古代海底天然气渗漏喷发形成。大量海底天然气泉口的存在,可能表明羌塘盆地双湖地区早侏罗世大洋缺氧事件与海底天然气水合物喷发存在极大关联。 相似文献
3.
《矿物学报》2016,(4)
鲕状黄铁矿是都龙锡锌多金属矿床中的特殊硫化物矿物之一。本文通过扫描电镜观测其矿物微形貌结构特征,并利用电子探针分析其化学成分,为认识该类矿物成因及其与成矿作用的关系提供依据。扫描电镜观测显示,该矿床中黄铁矿鲕粒主要由黄铁矿微晶组成,在鲕粒纹层孔隙中发现了丝状体、杆状体、球状体等微生物成因显微组构。这些微生物化石与热液喷流沉积成因硫化物矿床、热泉、海底热液喷口中的微生物化石具有诸多相似特征,表明该矿床形成过程中可能存在热水沉积成矿作用,微生物在黄铁矿鲕粒形成过程中可能起到转换硫源、吸附金属元素、粘结黄铁矿微晶等作用。电子探针观测显示,黄铁矿鲕粒中的Zn含量较高,暗示鲕状黄铁矿可能作为后期成矿作用Fe、Zn、S等成矿元素的物源之一。从鲕粒边部到中心Zn含量逐渐递减的趋势,并由交代作用在鲕粒边部形成富Zn边。 相似文献
4.
束鹿凹陷碳酸盐角砾岩的成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
碳酸盐角砾岩一般为内源或构造等成因,陆相沉积环境极难形成。研究发现束鹿凹陷古近系角砾岩为陆相成因。束鹿凹陷角砾岩分布于沙河街组三段中下部,在凹陷的东西斜坡地带呈裙状发育,是一种以碳酸盐岩碎屑为主的沉积岩。岩石类型为角砾岩及少量含砾泥灰岩,角砾岩具有以颗粒支撑为主,块状构造、粒序构造或其它层理构造不明显,角砾大小混杂,没有出现方向的优选,砾岩层单层厚度较大等特点;含砾泥灰岩为杂基支撑,具正粒序构造,并可见倒三角形状角砾。碳酸盐角砾岩中无论角砾还是填隙物都主要由棱角状及次棱角状碳酸盐碎屑颗粒构成,其母岩为盆地周围奥陶系及寒武系碳酸盐岩。研究认为束鹿凹陷沿缓坡分布的角砾岩属陆源非粘性碎屑流沉积产物。 相似文献
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豫西南淅川上泥盆统王冠组地层中发育大量与层面平行且具有蹼纹的U形遗迹化石Rhizocorallium。利用环境扫描电镜对Rhizocorallium进行微观观察,发现在其边缘管和蹼纹内部发育大量不同形态的莓状黄铁矿及莓状铁氧化物（单晶为五角十二面体,八面体,立方体和近球形）,与之对应的围岩中仅见少量黄铁矿单晶颗粒。表面具有覆盖膜的莓状黄铁矿大多存在于潜穴内部,其中边缘管中莓状黄铁矿的单晶直径（0.672~1.603 μm,平均直径1.063 μm）较之蹼纹中部的（0.376~0.877 μm,平均直径0.5 μm）的大。上述特征显示出潜穴中莓状黄铁矿的存在可能与硫酸盐类还原菌有关。Rhizocorallium边缘管和蹼纹中高丰度莓状黄铁矿的发现表明:遗迹化石Rhizocorallium可能是造迹者精心构筑的觅食-花园。由于食物供应和氧化还原条件的不同,Rhizocorallium造迹者在其潜穴内部培植不同的微生物,形成一个互利共生的群落。 相似文献
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架底金矿床是黔西南玄武岩分布地区较为典型的金矿床之一,该矿床载金黄铁矿普遍具有环带结构,显示出多期次、多来源的特征,对成矿物质来源和矿床成因研究提出挑战。本文基于野外认识和室内显微镜下的观察,将不同形态的黄铁矿划分为三个期次:(1)成矿前的黄铁矿为草莓状黄铁矿,是沉积期黄铁矿的典型代表;(2)成矿期的黄铁矿有两种:一种呈自形-半自形,粒径较大,几十微米到100μm不等,核部有较多的裂隙发育,背散射图像显示核部周围发育有环带,通常呈脉状产出;另一种为均质结构的细粒五角十二面体的黄铁矿,粒径大约都在50μm左右,无环带结构;(3)成矿期后的黄铁矿颗粒较大,多为立方体和不规则状产出,同样也发育有环带结构。在此基础上,利用LA-MC-ICP-MS分析方法对不同期次的黄铁矿进行原位S同位素测试,结果显示:成矿前无环带黄铁矿δ34S的值为-23.47‰～-19.76‰,表现为较大的负值,显示沉积硫的特征;成矿期的环带黄铁矿以及同期均质五角十二面体黄铁矿的δ34S值为-1.39‰～4.45‰;成矿期后的环带黄铁矿δ34S的值为-1.5... 相似文献
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黄铁矿是沉积物中较为常见的矿物之一,而草莓状黄铁矿是由等粒度的亚微米级黄铁矿晶体或微晶体紧密堆积而成。基于已有的草莓状黄铁矿相关研究成果,本文综述了草莓状黄铁矿的形成机制,阐述了其对古环境恢复的意义。目前普遍认为草莓状黄铁矿的成因主要有两种,即有机成因和无机成因,前者认为有机质或细菌参与草莓状黄铁矿形成;而后者主要认为过饱和的黄铁矿浓度是微球粒草莓状黄铁矿形成的必备条件。草莓状黄铁矿粒径的大小是其古沉积环境的直接反映,被作为比较可靠的古氧化还原条件判别指标,已被广泛应用于古代及现代海洋沉积物的古环境恢复。目前,虽然草莓状黄铁矿粒径判别古环境的大小及分布范围还不统一,但普遍认为封闭的水体环境（硫化环境）草莓状黄铁矿粒径较小且变化不大,且随着含氧程度增加,草莓状黄铁矿的粒径大小增大且分布范围趋于加宽。 相似文献
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有孔虫壳体内草莓状黄铁矿成因及其地质意义——以湖北雁门口地区栖霞组有孔虫化石为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在湖北省京山县雁门口地区栖霞组上部的含泥灰岩中存在丰富的节房虫科底栖有孔虫化石,主要有节房虫属、厚壁虫属和郎格虫属,壳体均被草莓状黄铁矿充填。对其系统的显微镜、扫描电镜观察和黄铁矿的能谱分析结果发现,黄铁矿草莓体直径最大为15 μm,平均约10 μm,硫铁原子比值（S/Fe）为1.90±0.10,表明在黄铁矿形成过程中,有孔虫壳体空腔内呈轻度- 中度贫氧的微环境。在分析该类黄铁矿成因的基础上,认为有孔虫壳体内的黄铁矿在指示沉积环境和保存环境方面具有局限性。 相似文献
9.
前寒武纪“臼齿状构造谜”的一些认识：来自天津蓟县剖面高于庄组的信息 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
臼齿状构造是一种主要分布在前寒武纪非叠层石碳酸盐岩中的、特殊的“谜”一样的沉积构造,以发育一系列奇形怪状、大大小小的裂缝和裂隙为特征,这些裂缝和裂隙由等粒和均匀的微亮晶方解石充填。臼齿状构造时代分布的特殊性（新太古代至新元古代）以及分布的全球性,使其在显生宙还未发现类似的对等物。对臼齿状构造成因的不同认识使其成为“臼齿状构造谜”。天津蓟县剖面中元古界高于庄组（1600 Ma 至 1400 Ma）第3段隐晶质泥晶灰岩序列中的臼齿状构造,以其特别的沉积特征为了解“臼齿状构造谜”提供了一些有用的信息。这些特征包括：(1)臼齿状构造特别的形态学特征,(2)由微亮晶所充填的臼齿状裂缝具有明显的边界（以富集残余有机质和黄铁矿为特点）,(3)臼齿状构造的宿主岩石是不发育叠层石和纹理化构造的隐晶质泥晶灰岩,(4)与臼齿状构造常常共生的极为特别的宏观藻类化石等。因此,臼齿状构造可以解释为一种发育在席底生境中、由一系列复杂的作用过程所形成的、与微生物相关的原生沉积构造。作为前寒武纪最普遍的沉积现象,臼齿状构造为更好地理解复杂多变的前寒武纪碳酸盐岩提供了许多有意义的信息。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献