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《岩土力学》2017,(Z2):295-303
隧道盾构掘进机(TBM)掘进时难以及时地、有效地评估掌子面岩石强度,导致现场施工过程中很难客观地判别岩爆、卡机等施工风险。在前人研究成果和工程实践的基础上,提出一种基于TBM掘进参数的现场岩石强度快速估算方法,对掌子面岩石强度进行实时评价。通过TBM规格、掘进参数与岩石强度的力学分析,建立了现场岩石强度快速估算公式。基于对国内外多条隧道TBM数据的统计拟合分析,确定了估算公式中系数常量与TBM参数(开挖直径、刀具尺寸)的相关性,以多个典型TBM工程实例进一步验证了所提经验公式的普适性与可靠性。研究结果可为TBM工程岩石强度的快速现场估算提供新的切实可行的思路。 相似文献
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考虑盾构掘进速度的隧道掘进面稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
隧道在低渗透性土壤中掘进,盾构掘进速度的改变将引起作用在掘进面上支护压力的显著变化。考虑盾构掘进速度以及土体的渗透系数的影响,通过伽辽金有限元法推导三维稳态渗流有限元方程,使用FORTRAN代码编制数值分析程序计算稳态地下水流条件下隧道掘进面附近水头分布。维持掘进面稳定极限支护压力由有效支护压力和渗透力共同构成,前者基于土体稳定的极限平衡理论计算结果,后者通过隧道掘进面附近水头分布推导得出。结果发现,低渗透性土层中进行隧道掘进,盾构掘进速度的改变对隧道掘进面附近水头分布产生很大影响,掘进速度的增加将引起作用在隧道掘进面上支护力的显著增加。理论分析结果与实验数据取得较好的一致,验证了该理论与方法的合理性和有效性。 相似文献
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结合金龙隧道施工通风方案的确定，阐述根据隧道的长度、掘进坑道的断面大小、施工方法和设备条件等诸多因素来确定隧道施工通风的方式、方法。 相似文献
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常聚友 《物探化探计算技术》1998,20(2):169-174
根据隧道掘进掌子面处突出性淹埋整个掌子面塌方的地质信息，建立ＧＭ（１，１）灾变模型，超前预报了其塌方的范围，经隧道掘进验证，预报较为准确。 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(5):526-533
The impact of gigantic meteorites momentarily creates extremely high pressures and temperatures, leading to the formation of distinctive objects — impact breccias and impactites — at the points where they fall. The Zhamanshin crater is one such place. This annular structure has a diameter of about 10 km, contoured by a low rim made up of a body of shattered Paleozoic rocks thrown out from the ring's center, from depths exceeding 100 - 200 m. Among these breccias have been found pieces and lenticular bodies of remelted rocks — impactites, called zhamanshinites. These thermally altered rocks from a series ranging from baked clays to cinder-like, partly recrystallized substances, glass, and black drops and spattered droplets (up to 1 - 5 cm) of isotropic glass that undoubtedly hardened as they fell through the air. The refused neogenic substances formed by selective evaporation are characterized by a considerable deficit of K and Na, excess Al2O3 and SiO2, a lack of H2O, and a sharp predominance of Fe+2 over Fe+3. Their characteristic shape and distinctive structure and composition suggests that these remelted droplets are tektites, which were called irgizites when first found in the USSR. Their occurrence in the meteorite crater confirms the idea of a genetic unity between tektites and impactites. Selective evaporation of the more volatile elements is characteristic of the surfaces of small planets lacking an atmosphere, but is not characteristic of the earth's surface. The processes and substances occurring at the impact points of gigantic meteorites are therefore unique on the earth, but highly typical of the surfaces of the Moon, Mars, Mercury, and other relatively small celestial bodies. 相似文献
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RS和GIS技术集成及其应用 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
何庆成 《水文地质工程地质》2000,27(2):44-46
本文简要地介绍了ＲＳ（遥感图像处理系统）和ＧＩＳ（地理信息系统）技术及其集成的基本概念和方法。讨论了ＲＳ和ＧＩＳ技术及其集成的内在涵义、相互关系,认为ＲＳ是ＧＩＳ重要的外部信息源,是其数据更新的重要手段,尤其对于全球性的 地理动力学分析,更必须有ＲＳ所提供的覆盖全球的动态数据与ＧＩＳ的结合。反之,ＧＩＳ则可以提供ＲＳ所需要的一些辅助数据,以提高ＲＳ图像的信息量和分辨率,同时,ＧＩＳ可以将实地调查所 相似文献
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Partition of Fe2+ and Mg between coexisting (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 spinel and (Mg, Fe)SiO3 pyroxene was investigated at pressures 80 and 90 kbar and at temperatures 840 and 1050° C, using tetrahedral-anvil type of high pressure apparatus. Olivine-spinel solid solution equilibria in the system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 were discussed in the light of the partition reaction. Partition of Fe2+ and Mg in both olivine-spinel and pyroxene-spinel systems can not be regarded as that between ideal solid solutions. By applying the simple solution model for the partition of Fe2+ and Mg, sign of the heat of mixing was estimated to be positive for all olivine, spinel and pyroxene. Relative concentration of Fe2+ in spinel in the pyroxene-spinel system is likely to cause some change in the chemical composition of modified spinel () or spinel () in the transition zone of the mantle. A considerable change is also expected in the transition pressure of to ( + ) and ( + ) to .Presented at the symposium Recent Advances in the Studies of Rocks and Minerals at High Pressures and Temperatures held in Montreal, 1972. Jointly sponsored by the International Mineralogical Association and the Commission on Experimental Petrology. 相似文献
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为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。 相似文献
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为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。 相似文献
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Nano-Geology and Unconventional Oil and Gas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
JU Yiwen LU Shuangfang SUN Yan TAN Fengqi WANG Guochang HAN Ku BAO Yuan LI Qingguang 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(Z1):192-193
<正>Numerous Striking achievements have been made in micro and macro geology after the development for hundreds of years.Two trends branches of geology are divided into microcosmic nano-geology and macroeconomic astrono-geology with the enormous technology progress.The unique characteristics related to the nano-particles and nano-pores may be significant for 相似文献
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在分析和总结前人对红藻石和蓝藻石研究成果基础上,结合岩石薄片显微镜下观察实例,发现在以往碳酸盐岩颗粒分类中没有红藻石和蓝藻石的合适位置。鉴于红藻石重要的成因意义和造礁作用,有必要明确红藻石的概念和归属。珊瑚藻本身极易钙化,经生物矿化作用最终保存下来的珊瑚藻屑一直放在生物碎屑中,而红藻石是由非固着的珊瑚藻构成的钙质独立结核,因此也可以被划分到生物碎屑中。蓝藻石作为蓝细菌钙化作用的产物,同时鉴于蓝藻石的广泛存在,把钙化蓝细菌形成的核形石命名为蓝藻石,这一重要概念从提出到现在一直被使用。然而蓝绿藻概念已变更为蓝细菌,蓝藻石的形成与藻类无关,显然将其称作蓝菌石更加确切。因此,应将红藻石和蓝藻石分别归为生物碎屑和核形石当中,并用新的术语蓝菌石替代蓝藻石。其意义在于使红藻石和蓝藻石的概念及归属更为规范,并为碳酸盐岩颗粒的深入研究提供有益线索。 相似文献
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Richard M. Auty 《Geoforum》1986,17(3-4)
There are scale advantages in resource-based industrialization (RBI). Trinidad and Tobago's small size meant that its RBI projects resulted in: relatively low revenue retention, heavy dependence on export markets, skilled personnel shortages and severe ‘Dutch disease’ effects. However Venezuela squandered its size advantage because its RBI strategy was over-ambitious. Instead of taking advantage of its ample scope for risk-reducing diversification, Venezuela concentrated largely on metals processing in a single location. Although it captured more backward linkage than Trinidad and Tobago it did so at high cost as a result of inefficient project execution. Worse, Venezuela's metals projects greatly exceeded its sizeable domestic demand, overtaxed its human resources and exacerbated existing distortions in the economy. Since poorly implemented RBI projects can overwhelm even a large developing economy, RBI is risky and should therefore only be pursued as part of a flexible, broadly-based diversification drive. 相似文献
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单颗粒矿物微量元素激光原位定量分析测试数据的大量积累和研究,使矿物成为矿床地球化学研究和矿床勘查的重要示踪剂。本文重点选择磁铁矿、磷灰石、石榴子石、榍石、锆石、绿泥石和绿帘石等的原位分析研究所获得的认识,介绍单颗粒矿物成分组合及变化在矿床类型划分、成矿年龄测定、氧逸度、成矿过程与物质来源、找矿与勘探等方面的应用。不同矿床类型中普遍存在的矿物,如磁铁矿、磷灰石等的微量元素含量及组合差异,提供了矿床类型识别的标志。单颗粒矿物,特别是矿石矿物和密切共生矿物如锡石、铌钽铁矿、赤铁矿、石榴子石、方解石等的原位定年,使成矿年龄的直接准确测定成为现实。矿物中变价元素,如Fe、V、Mn、Ce、Eu含量和/或比值的变化,指示了成矿过程氧逸度及其变化特点。从矿物核部向震荡环带与边部的微量元素含量或同位素组成的变化,示踪了成矿过程中流体来源或性质的变化。斑岩和矽卡岩矿床中与成矿作用关系密切的蚀变矿物,如绿泥石、绿帘石的形成温度、特征微量元素比值,如Ti/Sr、Ti/Co、V/Ni、Mg/Sr等,与距矿床中心距离呈线性函数关系,可定量预测距矿床中心的距离,使以绿泥石、绿帘石为代表的找矿指示矿物研究迅速发展。 相似文献