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1.
南海巽他陆坡晚更新世以来的微体化石和古环境 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
柱状样 182 88- 2采自于南海南部巽他陆坡 (5°4 4′N、 110°4 4′E,水深 788m ,柱长 6 .8m ) ,通过与邻近柱状样同位素的对比 ,其揭示了末次冰盛期以来的沉积。柱状样中指示水深较大的介形类和浮游有孔虫丰度自下而上呈现明显增加的趋势 ,而指示水深较浅的介形类丰度及介形虫 /浮游有孔虫比值和底栖有孔虫在有孔虫全群中的丰度都呈下降趋势 ,反映了研究区末次冰盛期以来海面上升和海水加深的过程。这两类的变化在 YD至全新世早期最为显著 ,与该时期海面快速上升造成的环境急剧变化相对应。异地介形虫广见于末次冰期和全新世早期的沉积中 ,反映冰期低海面和冰后期海侵初期频繁发生源于陆架的顺坡搬运。依据末次冰期沉积中含较多的底栖有孔虫 Uvigerina和 Bulimina、介形虫 Polycope和 Cytherella,及底栖有孔虫 U.peregrina较低的δ1 3C,推测冰期低海面时底层水状况为低氧和高营养 ,在冰盛期尤为发育 相似文献
2.
南海珠江口盆地ＢＹ７－１－１及ＰＹ３３－１－１井晚第三纪浮游有孔虫的丰度、底栖有孔虫小泡虫超科中葡萄虫（Ｕｖｉｇｅｒｉｎａ）和小泡虫（Ｂｕｌｉｍｉｎａ）的相对丰度（Ｕ＋Ｂ含量）以及浮游有孔虫壳体的δ１３Ｃ记录表明，晚第三纪期间表层水生产力总体上呈增高趋势，其中早中新世为表层水生产力较低的时期，但由Ｎ４至Ｎ８带表现为递增趋势，中—晚中新世为高生产力时期，早上新世为又一个高生产力时期。其中中—晚中新世时期本区最可能处于非上升流的高生产力地区，而早上新世为受上升流影响的高生产力地区。 相似文献
3.
Ceara海隆ODP92 7站位(5°2 7 7′N ,44°2 8 8′W )的陆源和钙质粉砂组分的颗粒分析,浮游有孔虫和底栖有孔虫稳定同位素(C Wuellerstorfi的δ1 3C、δ1 8O值)保存数据被用来重建0 3～0 8Ma时段底层流的强度、水体交换和深层水碳酸盐溶蚀变化的历史。与间冰期相比,冰期一般具有陆源粉砂组分的平均粒径较小、δ1 3C值较低和浮游有孔虫保存较差的特征,表明底层流的流速较快、营养成分较高和深层水的溶蚀性较强。与此相反,较大的平均粒径、高δ1 3C值和保存完好的浮游有孔虫表明,间冰期存在强环流和水体交换好的深水团。上述变化与大西… 相似文献
4.
南海北部陆架晚第三纪δ^13C记录与古生产力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南海经珠江口盆地ＢＹ７－１－１及ＰＹ３３－１－１井晚第三服游有孔虫的丰度、底栖有孔虫小虫超科中葡萄虫和小虫和相对丰度以及浮游有孔虫壳体的δ＾１３Ｃ记录表明，晚第三纪期间表层以水生产力总体上呈增高趋势，其中早中民为表层水生产力较低的时期但由Ｎ４至Ｎ８带表现为递增趋势，中一晚中新世为高生产力晚期，早上新世为又一个高生产力时期。中－晚世时期本区最可能处于非上升流的高生产力地区，而早上新世为受上升流影响的 相似文献
5.
对南海34个站位表层沉积中的钙质超微化石进行了氧碳稳定同位素分析.结果表明,钙质超微化石δ^18O化范围为-2.656‰～0.006‰,平均为-1.517‰;δ13C值变化范围为-1.510‰～0.778‰,平均为0.140‰.通过与有孔虫同位素分析结果相比较,发现钙质超微化石δ^18O高于浮游有孔虫而低于底栖有孔虫,δ13C值低于浮游有孔虫而高于底栖有孔虫.从平面分布来看,南海表层沉积钙质超微化石氧同位素在东北和西南各存在一个小于-1.5‰的低值区,碳同位素在东北存在一个小于0的低值区.钙质超微化石与有孔虫同位素值的差异性可能与其生命效应及生活环境有关.而钙质超微化石与有孔虫同位素平面分布规律上的不同也揭示了海水温度、盐度、营养水平等海洋参数可能对超微化石和有孔虫同位素的分馏起不同控制作用. 相似文献
6.
从始新世温室到早渐新世冰室的特征与潜在的变化机制已经得到了广泛的关注（Prothero等,2003）,但关于渐新世沉积物的详细气候与海洋学研究则相对较少。众所周知,渐新世开始的全球逐渐变冷导致了一个明显的南极低温层的发育（Zachos等,2001;DeConto和Potlard,2003）。渐新世和中新世的深海底栖有孔虫δ^18O中已经分辨出几个标志全球海平面上升的属种,其中最具特征的δ^18O峰值已经被标注为Oi、Ei事件,冰期或带（Miller等,1991, 相似文献
7.
俄勒冈州外海水合物脊现代甲烷渗漏区的发现，为研究甲烷对活体有孔虫生态和地球化学方面的影响提供了机会。2002年在水合物脊南部高点获取一批岩心。样品经保存和染色后用来测定Uvigerina peregrina、Cibicidoidesmckannai和Globobuliminaauriculata3个底栖有孔虫属种的活体（经染色）和死体的碳同位素（δ13C）组成。有孔虫样经光学显微镜和扫描电镜检查，未发现有成岩作用或自生碳酸盐沉淀作用的迹象。渗漏区活底栖有孔虫单体记录的乎δ13C值在-0．4％--21．2％0之间，说明受高浓度甲烷碳同位素的影响。渗漏区底栖有孔虫护C平均值（由单体样品计算）范围在-1．28％--5．64％0之间，而背景区（没有甲烷渗漏）的介于-0．81％--0．85％之间。为了解环境因素对底栖有孔虫δ13C值的影响，对细菌席和蛤床两种截然不同的甲烷渗漏环境的底栖有孔虫进行研究。细菌席区的有孔虫单体比蛤床区的具有更负的δ13C值。我们解释这种差异是食物来源或共生细菌对底栖有孔虫δ13C值影响的结果，通过溶解无机碳（DIC）作用于底栖有孔虫，使其δ13C值负偏移。对比活体和死体底栖有孔虫的δ13C值，并未发现统计上的差异。这说明自生碳酸盐沉淀作用未在观测到的同位素组成中起主导作用。然而，少量极度亏损δ13C（〈-12％）的死体底栖有孔虫确实显示了自生碳酸盐岩沉积对有孔虫δ13C值影响的潜在证据。 相似文献
8.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(3)
对东海陆架泥质沉积区MD06-3040柱状样有孔虫进行了地球化学分析,获得了底栖有孔虫(Rotalinoides gaimardii)Mg/Ca和δ18O及浮游有孔虫(Globigerina bulloides)δ18O等的高分辨率记录。通过与微体化石群、沉积物粒度等古环境替代性指标对比分析,认为研究区有孔虫Mg/Ca和δ18O的变化主要受浙闽沿岸流和台湾暖流及其相关的东亚季风所控制,并推测了研究区近8千年来的古环境演变过程:8.0~4.1 cal.kaBP时期,夏季风盛行,台湾暖流和黑潮发育强盛,底层和表层海水都具有较高的温度、盐度和δ18O值,其中底层海水温度在5.7~5.2和4.6~4.1 cal.kaBP两个时期最高;4.1~0.4 cal.kaBP时期,冬季风盛行,台湾暖流和黑潮影响减弱,浙闽沿岸流发育增强,使海水温度和盐度及δ18O显著下降;0.4 cal.kaBP以来夏季风再次变强,台湾暖流和黑潮的影响随之增强,海水温度又明显上升。 相似文献
9.
末次冰期以来西太平洋暖池变化的浮游有孔虫记录 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
探讨了末次冰期以来西太平洋暖池区浮游有孔虫动物群变化对环境和全球气候变化的响应。对取自西太平洋暖池核心区WP92-5柱样中的浮游有孔虫及其壳体δ^18O的分析结果表明,西太平洋暖池末次冰期的冬季表层水温比全新世低2℃以上;浮游有孔虫Neogloboquadrina pachyderma的含量变化与Globigerinoides sacculifer的δ^18O值呈明显相关,各时段的峰值可能与YD事件和Heinrich事件H1、H2和H3大致对应,分别出现在21—29、38—46、64—72和106—117cm,^14C年龄约为9．7—11．1、12．8—14．7、19—20．9和26．2—27．4ka B．P．;浮游有孔虫N．pachyderma的含量与G．sacculifer的δ^18O在各峰值之间含有数个频次不等的亚级变化,反映了末次冰期以来西太平洋暖池区气候的短尺度快速变化特征。 相似文献
10.
南海北部ODP1148站中新世以来的碳酸盐含量变化及其古环境意义 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
对南海北部 ODP 114 8站采自孔深 4 6 5 m以上的 170 0个沉积物样品 ,测定了 Ca CO3含量、Ca CO3堆积速率、非钙质堆积速率、浮游有孔虫丰度、粗组分百分含量 (>6 3μm)、浮游有孔虫破壳率和底栖有孔虫在有孔虫全群中的百分含量。碳酸盐百分含量和碳酸盐堆积速率自 2 4 Ma以来的变化呈现逐步下降的趋势 ,但在 2 4 .0～ 15 .8、14 .2～ 11.6、10 .6～ 4 .8和 3.4～ 0 Ma四个时期具有高碳酸盐生产力 ,其中 10 .6～ 4 .8Ma的高生产力与印度洋和太平洋中新世晚期和上新世早期的“生物勃发”相对应。非钙质和碳酸盐两者堆积速率变化趋势在总体上相似 ,反映了陆源物质输入对碳酸盐生产力的影响。 3.4 Ma后非钙质堆积速率的大幅度增长主要与青藏高原和台湾岛的隆起有关 ,它们也是上新世晚期和第四纪 Ca CO3百分含量显著下降的主要原因。 2 4 Ma以来南海北部碳酸盐的保存逐渐变弱 ,而碳酸盐溶解作用逐渐增强 ,在 15 .8～ 14 .2、11.6～ 10 .6和 4 .8～ 3.4 Ma存在 3个显著的碳酸盐溶解事件 ,其中 11.6～ 10 .6 Ma的溶解事件与赤道太平洋和加勒比海的中—晚中新世“碳酸盐崩溃”事件相当 ,说明该事件具更广泛的全球影响 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
14.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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17.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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19.
Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
20.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献