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1.
为统计大连海域红藻的物种多样性,在2016年5月至2021年5月进行标本采集时,发现了红叶藻科入侵海藻牛岛薄膜藻Haraldiophyllum udoense M.S.Kim et J.C.Kang,对其形态结构进行了详细的观察,并对rbc L基因序列进行了分析。结果表明:①藻体直立;呈暗红色或红褐色;高7~30 cm,宽6~25 cm;叶片状,薄膜质;藻体除基部和生殖结构外为单层细胞。②rbc L基因序列分析的结果显示本研究的6个样本间无碱基差异,与产自韩国的牛岛薄膜藻无碱基差异。牛岛薄膜藻是在我国海域首次发现的新纪录种,同时薄膜藻属Haraldiophyllum Zinova为我国新纪录属,认为船舶压舱水及海水流动是该种入侵的主要原因。本研究结果将丰富我国红叶藻科海藻的多样性,同时为外来海藻的入侵途径及对当地生态的影响提供新资料。 相似文献
2.
通过形态结构观察结合rbcL和COI基因序列分析的方法,发现分布于海南省博鳌的台湾蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia taiwanensis S.M.Lin et H.Y.Liang)为海南新纪录种。结果表明:藻体直立,红色或紫红色,质地柔软黏滑,高6—18cm,宽2—3cm,叶片呈披针形,边缘长出的小育枝亦呈披针形,长5—25mm,宽1—5mm,固着器呈圆盘状;皮层由8—11层细胞构成,髓部非中空,髓丝纵走或相互交错;雌雄异体,精子囊由外皮层细胞形成,球形。果胞枝生殖枝丛主枝由6个细胞构成,辅助细胞生殖枝丛主枝由5个细胞构成(6cpb-5auxb型),均为典型的Grateloupia型。囊果散布于除固着器外的整个雌配子体的表面;四分孢子囊由四分孢子体的内皮层细胞产生,呈十字形分裂。rbcL基因序列分析结果显示4个采自海南的样本与产自台湾南部的台湾蜈蚣藻之间无碱基序列差异;COI基因序列分析结果显示4个样本间无碱基差异,在蜈蚣藻属这一大的进化支中聚集成独立的小分支,区别于其他种。 相似文献
3.
2019年4月在海南岛冯家湾潮间带的野外调查过程中采集到一种仙掌藻, 利用传统形态分类学与分子系统分类学结合的方法, 将该种鉴定为未氏仙掌藻Halimeda velasquezii W.R. Taylor。该种的形态特征为藻体呈绿色钙化, 直立生长, 固着器单一较小, 由横卵形或肾形节片连接形成, 节片表面观形态为近圆形, 内部为管状髓丝, 节点处髓丝多发生侧面成对融合, 皮层下髓丝末端无囊状膨大。1,5-二磷酸核酮羧化酶/氧化酶大亚基基因(ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit, rbcL)的序列分析结果显示, 在系统发育树上, 本研究样本与印度洋-太平洋地区产的未氏仙掌藻处于同一分支, 且自展支持值为100, 碱基基因差异为9bp (0.69%)。该种在海南岛海域首次被发现, 为新记录种。本研究同时首次提取并分析了中国种群的rbcL基因序列, 丰富了该种的中国种群的生态学知识, 扩展了其地理分布范围, 对了解海南岛海域海藻资源的生物多样性及其分布特征具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
五种/株原甲藻核糖体小亚基(18S rRNA)基因克隆及序列分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用分子克隆及序列比对的方法,对五种/株赤潮原甲藻18SrRNA基因全长序列进行扩增、克隆和序列测定,并从GenBank上下载13个原甲藻18SrRNA基因接近全长的序列,用NJ法和ME法构建了原甲藻属的系统树。结果表明,五种/株原甲藻18SrRNA基因扩增序列长度为1782—1783bp,其中来自南海(中国海域)和来自美国海域的两株微小原甲藻(Prorocentrumminimum)的序列完全一致;东海的赤潮原甲藻(Prorocentrumsp·)与具齿原甲藻(P·dentatum)的序列也完全一致,与微小原甲藻只有5个碱基的差异;而海洋原甲藻(P·micans)与微小原甲藻和具齿原甲藻的序列差异较大,分别为27个和28个碱基。通过NJ法和ME法构建的系统树基本一致。由系统树可以看到:原甲藻属大致分为两支,本实验的微藻全部分布在同一支上。18SrRNA基因序列还将有助于有害赤潮藻快速鉴定的特异性分子探针的研制。 相似文献
5.
对分布在黄、渤海沿岸的单条胶黏藻Dumontia simplex Cotton的形态结构、生物量、成熟个体比例与成熟个体生物量/总生物量(R/T指数)的变化、温度性质以及rbcL、COI基因序列进行了详细研究。结果表明:(1)10个采集地点的单条胶黏藻藻体直立、扁平或螺旋状,质地胶质黏滑,颜色为红色或紫红色。在大连黑石礁与付家庄采集到的藻体长度和宽度明显高于其他采集地点;(2)藻体由皮层与髓部组成,皮层由4—8层细胞组成,髓部有疏松的根丝细胞。囊果散生,包埋于皮层内,刚发育的囊果较小,色淡,随着藻体生长囊果变大,颜色加深。四分孢子囊侧生在内皮层上,成熟的四分孢子囊呈十字形分裂;(3)4月生物量最大,平均生物量为4.384g/m2。12月至次年6月成熟个体比例逐渐增大,6月达到100%,且均为四分孢子体;(4)单条胶黏藻生长周期为12月至次年6月,属于一年生海藻,温度性质属于亚寒带性;(5)rbcL与COI基因序列分析表明,十个采集地点的样本间无碱基差异,与产自美国单条胶黏藻聚在一起,形成一个独立的分支,均确定为单条胶黏藻。 相似文献
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7.
本文根据对漂流藻属(Planktoniella)细胞形态观察,发现我国海域有两种漂流藻:太阳漂流藻(P.sol Schütt)和美丽漂流藻(P.formosa Qian et Wang).后者是根据详细观察研究后对Valdiviella formosa(Schimper ex Karsten)Karsten重订的. 相似文献
8.
本文对采集自我国广西涠洲岛海域潮下带大型海藻及死珊瑚上的附着底栖甲藻样品进行了分析。利用毛细管单细胞分离方法成功分离并培养了多株前沟藻属种类, 运用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和分子生物学等技术, 对所获得的前沟藻株系进行形态学和系统发育分析, 鉴定出前沟藻属3个种, 分别为具盖前沟藻(Amphidinium operculatum)、玛氏前沟藻(Amphidinium massertii)和强壮前沟藻(Amphidinium caeterae), 其中具盖前沟藻和玛氏前沟藻为我国新纪录种。分析比较了不同种类间形态和系统发育的差异, 发现3种前沟藻的形态特征大体与相应模式种报道的一致。本研究丰富了我国前沟藻种类多样性和系统发育进化信息, 同时将两个新记录种具盖前沟藻和玛氏前沟藻的已知分布范围拓展到了我国南部沿海水域。 相似文献
9.
以 3种不同来源的鲑鱼基因组 DNA为模板 ,采用 PCR方法获得完整的 s CT基因。与Genbank中 Pink Salmon(Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)的降钙素基因序列进行比较 ,结果显示 :实验组的 Pink Salmon(O.gorbuscha)降钙素基因有 2个碱基差异 (第 39位 C→ A;第 5 1位 T→ C) ,氨基酸没有变化 ;Chum Salmon(O.keta)有 1个碱基的差异 (第 86位 G→ A) ,且引起 1个氨基酸的变化(第 2 9位 S→ N) ;而中国黑龙江产的鲑鱼 (Oncorhynchus sp.)降钙素基因序列与 Genbank中 PinkSalmon(O.gorbuscha)的降钙素序列完全相同 ,没有碱基差别。 相似文献
10.
西沙群岛和南沙群岛、中沙群岛、东沙群岛一样,历来就是中国领土的一部分,我们坚决支持我国政府一再声明的这一严正立场。
西沙群岛红藻的研究始于樊恭炬和王永川(1974)发表的“我国西沙群岛海藻的研究I.殖丝藻属”。文中把世界上分布较广的暖水性海藻Liagora farinosa Lamx移至一新建立的殖丝藻属,名为Ganonema farinose (Lamx.) Fan et Wang.1975年,樊恭炬等在同一题目的第二篇“Ⅱ.海索面科(红藻门)的一些新种及新纪录”中报告了以下各种：
中国粉枝藻 Liagora sinensis Fan, Wang et Pan
鼓苞粉枝藻 L. setchellii Yamada
纤细粉枝藻 L. filiformis Fan et Li
单轴殖丝藻 Ganonema pinnatiramosa ( Yamada) Fan et Wang
疣枝果丝藻 Trichogloeopsis hawaiiana Abbott et Doty
1976年,张峻甫和夏邦美在“中国江蓠属海藻的分类研究”一文中报告了西沙群岛产的弓江蓠Gracilaria artcuata Zanard.和凤尾菜G. eucheumoides Harv.两种经济海藻。
根据上述三个报告,连同记载在待刊稿上的17种,西沙群岛的红藻迄今所知者共有25种。
中国科学院海洋研究所曾于1957、1958、1975和1976年先后四次派出调查队到我国西沙群岛进行海藻调查,采集了大量标本。为了弄清这一岛群的资源情况、海藻种类和区系组成性质并进而探讨与邻近地区海藻区系的亲缘关系等。我们正在对部分红藻进行研究,所得结果将陆续整理发表。
本文报告了下列六种红藻,其中的三种为西沙群岛的新纪录,包括一种为我国新纪录。一种系新种,绝大部分为罕见的红藻。 相似文献
11.
A few species in the genus Grateloupia (Halymeniaceae,Rhodophyta) have been investigated in detail with respect to morphological observations and molecular analyses.In this study,the authors document the vegetative and reproductive structures of two new species of Grateloupia,G.dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao,sp.nov.and G.yinggehaiensis H.W.Wang et R.X.Luan,sp.nov.They both have the morphological character that carpogonial ampullae and auxiliary cell ampullae are the simple Grateloupia-type.The two species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by their distinctive morphological features respectively.Based on ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) gene sequences,the phylogenetic tree obtained in the study indicated that they are both embedded within the Grateloupia clade.G.dalianensis clusters a subclade with G.asiatica,and G.yinggehaiensis forms a single monophyletic subclade with G.hawaiiana. 相似文献
12.
对2 组光倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus hollandi)杂交子一代(长江♀×北江♂子一代, 北江♀×长江♂子 一代)及其亲本(北江♀、♂, 长江♀、♂)的线粒体COI 基因序列进行了分析。在18 个样品中共检测到 8 个单倍型和35 个核苷酸多态位点。通过序列差异分析和遗传距离比较发现, 核苷酸序列同源性在 98.1%-99.9%之间, 遗传分化不明显。杂交子一代的5 个单倍型与其母本的2 个单倍型的核苷酸同 源性在99.4%-99.8%之间。而与父本的同源性分别为98.5%、98.2%、98.2%、98.4%、98.1%.实验 结果表明两种杂交子一代的线粒体 COI 基因严格遵循母性遗传规律。 相似文献
13.
On the basis of morphological observations, life history and molecular phylogeny, Grateloupia yangjiangensis, which is similar to G. filicina, G. orientalis, G. catenata, and G. ramosissima in appearance, was re-examined. The results are as follows:(1) the auxiliary-cell ampullae of G. yangjiangensis were of Grateloupia type, thalli was fleshy and gelatinous in texture, and the erect axes were compressed; the cortex was 0.25–0.30 mm thick, consisting of five to seven outer layers, and there were five inner layers of triangular or stellate cells;(2) there was no filamentous stage in the development of the carpospores;(3) the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene(rbcL) sequence of four G. yangjiangensis examined showed that there was no intergeneric divergence among them, and for the phylogenetic tree, four sequences of G. yangjiangensis formed a single monophyletic subclade within the large Grateloupia clade of Halymeniaceae. In conclusion, G. yangjiangensis was a single species within the genus Grateloupia. This research provided criterion for identification and cultivation of G. yangjiangensis. 相似文献
14.
Ian D. Hogg Brian J. Smith Jonathan C. Banks Jeremy R. Dewaard Paul D. N. Hebert 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):1137-1146
We tested the hypothesis that cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences would successfully discriminate recognised species of New Zealand caddisflies. We further examined whether phylogenetic analyses, based on the COI locus, could recover currently recognised superfamilies and suborders. COI sequences were obtained from 105 individuals representing 61 species and all 16 families of Trichoptera known from New Zealand. No sequence sharing was observed between members of different species, and congeneric species showed from 2.3 to 19.5% divergence. Sequence divergence among members of a species was typically low (mean = 0.7%; range 0.0–8.5%), but two species showed intraspecific divergences in excess of 2%. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on COI were largely congruent with previous conclusions based on morphology, although the sequence data did not support placement of the purse‐cased caddisflies (Hydroptilidae) within the uncased caddisflies, and, in particular, the Rhyacophiloidea. We conclude that sequence variation in the COI gene locus is an effective tool for the identification of New Zealand caddisfly species, and can provide preliminary phylogenetic inferences. Further research is needed to ascertain the significance of the few instances of high intra‐specific divergence and to determine if any instances of sequence sharing will be detected with larger sample sizes. 相似文献
15.
Codium, one of the largest marine green algal genera, is difficult to delimit species boundary accurately based on morphological identification only. DNA barcoding is a powerful tool for discriminating species of seaweeds. The plastid elongation factor TU(tuf A) is considered as maker to perform DNA barcoding of green algal species than rbc L gene due to universality and rapid evolution rate. We conducted DNA barcoding application to Codium specimens from the Jeju Island, Korea to overcome the limit of morphological identification and to confirm the species diversity. As a result of applying tuf A marker, we newly generated fifty-five tuf A barcodes to resolve eight species. Tuf A marker exhibited 6.1%–21.8% interspecific divergences, wider than the gap of rbc L exon 1,3.5%–11.5%. Molecular analysis of rbc L exon 1 sequences of Codium revealed eight distinct species like tuf A analysis separated in five phylogenetic groups. DNA barcoding of the genus Codium using tuf A marker is more helpful to overcome the limit of morphological identification, and this is more potential to reveal cryptic species and to resolve the relationships among subspecies than rbc L analysis alone. The complement of tuf A barcoding and rbc L analyses including morphology for the genus Codium in the northwestern Pacific will give much more reliable achievement for discovering species diversity and resolving the phylogenetic relationships. 相似文献
16.
Joana M da Silva Antonina dos Santos Marina R Cunha Filipe O Costa Simon Creer Gary R Carvalho 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(2):157-170
Despite the high number of species and ecological diversity of pandalid shrimps, there has been no previous attempt to resolve evolutionary relationships of several genera using molecular tools. Although mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) is widely used in barcoding studies to delimit species boundaries, additional insights into phylogenetic affinities can be obtained, especially when used in combination with data from additional genes. The knowledge of molecular diversity is essential to understand phylogenetic relationships and will help systematic clarifications. Based on partial fragments of the 16S and COI genes, we have focused specifically on addressing the systematic relationships of the economically and ecologically important shrimp genus Plesionika within a framework of five genera from within the Pandalidae. Our results showed that species within Plesionika are substantially divergent when compared with other genera, exhibiting the highest average nucleotide divergence, with 0.1123 and 0.0846 in COI and 16S genes, respectively. In addition, sequence divergence was found to vary greatly within the genus Plesionika (COI/16S): 0.0247/0.0016 between Plesionika antigai and Plesionika heterocarpus and 0.1616/0.098 between Plesionika heterocarpus and Plesionika edwardsii. We did not find amino acid sequence divergence between P. heterocarpus and P. antigai compared with P. heterocarpus and P. edwardsii (8.10%, K2P distance). Three species of Plesionika (P. antigai, P. heterocarpus and Plesionika scopifera) appear well separated from other Plesionika species in both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The present study confirms the utility of COI over 16S as a genetic marker to resolve relationships between different species of Plesionika from the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, in addition to species delimitation. The findings highlight the need to further review paraphyly within Plesionika in an attempt to recognize a concordance in the evolutionary history of Plesionika with major ecological and geological events. 相似文献
17.
对我国沿海地区10个菲律宾蛤仔野生群体线粒体16S r RNA和COI基因部分序列进行测序,分别得到了长度为473bp和632bp的片段。结果表明,16S r RNA 193条序列A+T平均含量为66.6%,共检测到21个变异位点,193个个体具有22种单倍型;COI基因183条序列A+T平均含量为64.8%,共检测到126个变异位点,183个个体具有67种单倍型。基于群体间遗传距离利用Mega5.1软件构建10个群体的NJ树,聚类结果表明,大连群体和荣成群体聚为一支,其余8个群体聚为一支。AMOVA分析表明,大连群体和荣成群体间分化不显著,而荣成、大连群体与其余8个群体间的分化达到极显著水平(P0.01),说明我国沿海的菲律宾蛤仔野生群体存在一定的遗传分化。 相似文献
18.
CHI Shan QIAN Hao LI Tianyong WANG Xumin LIU Cui REN Lei TANG Xuexi LIU Tao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(9):139-151
In the past two decades, many studies have focused on the classification within genus Laminaria, ultimately trying to divide it into two subgroups or genera: Laminaria and Saccharina. A significant debate still surrounds the question of its division, as the conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses that have resulted from the classification studies are based on different taxon sampling, molecular markers, or analysis methods. It is aimed at elucidate the molecular phylogeny within Laminaria and Saccharina. The nine species of Laminariales are sampled from northern Asia and Europe, and 23 new sequences in the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes are determined to identify their taxonomic status. The phylogenetic analyses of 71 species are performed, including representatives from six of the seven families of the order Laminariales, based on three separate data sets. An evidence is provided to strongly support a clear split that maintains the two recognized genera, Laminaria and Saccharina, with Laminaria appearing to be the ancestor group. Further, analyses indicate that all taxa in Saccharina and Laminaria did not form a monophyletic lineage, instead Laminariaceae and Lessoniaceae grouped together interlacedly, and Costariaceae appeared as the sister taxon of the Lessoniaceae–Laminariaceae clade. In the phylogenetic analysis, mitochondrial c oxidase I(COI) sequences appeared to be the most credible molecular marker which was more befitting than nuclear encoded internal transcribed spacer(ITS) and plastid encoded rbcL for establishment of Laminariales systematics. It is the most comprehensive phylogeny of the order Laminariales, and contributes to an enhanced understanding and estimation of the phylogenetic relationships for the economically important seaweeds, Laminaria and Saccharina. 相似文献