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Along with the sequencing technology development and continual enthusiasm of researchers on the mitochondrial genomes, the number of metazoan mitochondrial genomes reported has a tremendous growth in the past decades. Phylomitogenomics—reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships based on mitochondrial genomic data—is now possible across large animal groups. Crustaceans in the class Malacostraca display a high diversity of body forms and include large number of ecologically and commercially important species. In this study, comprehensive and systematic analyses of the phylogenetic relationships within Malacostraca were conducted based on 86 mitochondrial genomes available from Gen Bank. Among 86 malacostracan mitochondrial genomes, 54 species have identical major gene arrangement(excluding t RNAs) to pancrustacean ground pattern,including six species from Stomatopoda, three species from Amphipoda, two krill, seven species from Dendrobranchiata(Decapoda), and 36 species from Pleocyemata(Decapoda). However, the other 32 mitochondrial genomes reported exhibit major gene rearrangements. Phylogenies based on Bayesian analyses of nucleotide sequences of the protein-coding genes produced a robust tree with 100% posterior probability at almost all nodes. The results indicate that Amphipoda and Isopoda cluster together(Edriophthalma)(BPP=100).Phylomitogenomic analyses strong support that Euphausiacea is nested within Decapoda, and closely related to Dendrobranchiata, which is also consistent with the evidence from developmental biology. Yet the taxonomic sampling of mitochondrial genome from Malacostraca is very biased to the order Decapoda, with no complete mitochondrial genomes reported from 11 of the 16 orders. Future researches on sequencing the mitochondrial genomes from a wide variety of malacostracans are necessary to further elucidate the phylogeny of this important group of animals. With the increase in mitochondrial genomes available, phylomitogenomics will emerge as an important component in the Tree of Life researches. 相似文献
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Phylogeny of the cuttlefishes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) based on mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA gene sequence data 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
To clarify cuttlefish phylogeny, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and partial 16S rRNA gene are sequenced for 13 cephalopod species. Phylogenetic trees are constructed, with the neighbor-joining method. Coleoids are divided into two main lineages, Decabrachia and Octobrachia. The monophyly of the order Sepioidea, which includes the families Sepiidae, Sepiolidae and Idiosepiidae, is not supported. From the two families of Sepioidea examined, the Sepiolidae are polyphyletic and are excluded from the order. On the basis of 16S rRNA and amino acid of COI gene sequences data, the two genera (Sepiella and Sepia) from the Sepiidae can be distinguished, but do not have a visible boundary using COI gene sequences. The reason is explained. This suggests that the 16S rDNA of cephalopods is a precious tool to analyze taxonomic relationships at the genus level, and COI gene is fitter at a higher taxonomic level (i.e., family). 相似文献
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The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is a useful genomic region for understanding evolutionary and genetic relationships. In the current study, the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Pectinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) was performed using the nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ITS region in nine species of this family. The sequences were obtained from the scallop species Argopecten irradians, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Amusium pleuronectes and Mimachlamys nobilis, and compared with the published sequences of Aequipecten opercularis, Chlamys farreri, C. distorta, M. varia, Pecten maximus, and an outgroup species Perna viridis. The molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1, ITS2, or their combination always yielded trees of similar topology. The results support the morphological classifications of bivalve and are nearly consistent with classification of two subfamilies (Chlamydinae and Pectininae) formulated by Waller. However, A. irradians, together with A. opercularis made up of genera Amusium, evidences that they may belong to the subfamily Pectinidae. The data are incompatible with the conclusion of Waller who placed them in Chlamydinae by morphological characteristics. These results provide new insights into the evolutionary relationships among scallop species and contribute to the improvement of existing classification systems. 相似文献
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The dinoflagellate genus Margalefidinium has been split from Cochlodinium as a new genus recently and Margalefidinium fulvescens is one of the five Margalefidinium species. Margalefidinium fulvescens is toxic and has been reported from the coastal waters of USA, Canada, Mexico, China, Japan, Indonesia, Korea, Pakistan and Spain. Here we provide the morphological and phylogenetic characterization for an isolate of it from the Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. Our results showed that the vegetative cells were subspherical to ellipsoidal, 34–60 μm in length, and 19–41 μm in width. Both single cell forms and colonies in chains of 2, 4, or 8 cells were observed in cultures, but chain forms with 2 or 4 cells were observed more often in the field samples. The cingulum was rather deep, encircling the cell approximately twice, but the sulcus was rather narrow, surrounding the cell about one turn. The nucleus was spherical and located at the central epicone. The chloroplasts were granular, brownish, and scattered peripherally. An orange pigmented body also appeared in the epicone. The apical groove appeared vase-like as previously described. Under epi-fluorescence microscopy, a pumpkin-like structure was clearly observed, in which cells were embedded. Cells were observed to exit from the structure, which led us to a hypothesis that the structure may provide cells a shelter to avoid predation or to respond to other stresses. The phylogenetic analyses based on partial LSU rDNA sequences indicated that M. fulvescens from the Jiaozhou Bay was grouped with M. fulvescens populations from other origins and closely related to the clade of M. polykrikoides.Our morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses together confirmed the presence of M. fulvescens in China and our monitoring has also observed the species dominant in the dinoflagellate community of the Jiaozhou Bay in the early autumn of 2015, which alerted us to continually monitor this bloom-forming species in the region. 相似文献
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A molecular phylogeny is presented for the subfamily Dorippinae (including 9 individuals, representing 5 species and 4 genera), based on the sequence data from 16S rRNA gene. Two-cluster test between lineages in these phylogenetic trees has been performed. On the basis of rate constancy, the rate of nucleotide substitutions of 16S rDNA sequence data is estimated as 0.27% per million years. The analysis strongly supports the recognition of the Dorippinae as a monophyletic subfamily. Phylogenetic tree indicates that the subfamily Dorippinae is divided into two main clades, and genus Dorippe appears basal in the subfamily, diverging from other species 36.6 Ma ago. It is also clear that the Heikea is closely related to the genus Neodorippe. The divergence time between them is 15.8 Ma. 相似文献
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A molecular phylogenetic analysis was undertaken to evaluate the present systematic status of commercially familiar Pleuronectidae fishes in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. We sequenced a 529 bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） COl gene from 34 individuals of these familiar flatfishes from 11 species of nine genera collected in China and Japan. Genetic relationships among haplotypes of specimens from 11 species for COI gene data were reconstructed using the neighbour-joining method and the maximum parsimony （MP） method. The resulting molecular phylogeny of the 11 species, with a few exceptions, supported the existing taxonomy which was based largely on the morphological characteristics. The most noteworthy findings were that the genus Pleuronichthys diverged before deriving of the common ancestor for the other species; the stone flounder, Kareius biocoloratus, should belong to the genus Platichthys with the latin name Platichthys biocoloratus and the genus Verasper was not the extraordinary differ- entiation from the other species in family Pleuronectidae. The resultant phylogenetic trees were also consistent with multiple origins of direct development within family Pleuronectidae. New proof not only for further illuminating the multiple origins of Pleuronectidae but also for confirmation of the evolutionary relationships among groups in the family will be supported. 相似文献
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Green macroalgae Chaetomorpha aerea and C. linum are taxonomically confused. In this paper, we tried morphological and molecular analyses to separate these two species. C. aerea and C. linum can be distinguished from morphological characteritics, such as frond dimension, cells size and shape, their mean length/width ratios(LWR), and cell walls constriction. Thalli of C. aerea attenuate basipetally, with diameter 270–500 μm at upper portion, 160–360 μm at middle portion, 100–160 μm at basal portion. For the upper part, the length of cells is less than their diameter. Cell walls usually constrict at the dissepiments, which are pellucid or colorless and give the filament beaded appearance. In contrast, thalli of C. linum often have a constant diameter of 90–300 μm within the same individual, cell walls usually do not constrict and cells are cylindrical or barrel shaped. The LWR is larger than that of C. aerea. Results show that the pairwise distance between two species is 3.6%–3.7% for 18 S r RNA gene and 53.5%–54.3% for ITS region. In phylogeny, they distribute at distant clades, which confirms a genetic divergence at molecular level. In addition, morphological data indicates that filament diameter of C. linum samples is highly variable, ranging from 90 μm to 300 μm. Then these two species can be considered as separate species. 相似文献
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Ying Zhang Li Gong Xinting Lu Zengliang Miao Lihua Jiang Bingjian Liu Liqin Liu Pengfei Li Xu Zhang Zhenming Lü 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(6):119-131
Complete mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes) can indicate phylogenetic relationships, as well as useful information for gene rearrangement mechanisms and molecular evolution. Currently, the phylogenetic location of the genus Varuna(Brachyura: Varunidae) has not been well resolved mainly because of limited representatives(only two extant species). Here, we determined a new mitogenome of this genus(Varuna litterata) and added the published mitogenomes to reconstruct the phylogeny of Varunidae. The ... 相似文献
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The fragments of 350 bp in 28S rRNA from the closely related monogenea of trematoda, Neobenedenia girellae and N. melleni are obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified using a couple of special primers and then sequenced. The results show that the comparison of 28S rRNA sequences, with only a base varying in 337 bp accounting for 0.3% genetic difference, from the relative species N. girellae and N. melleni parasitized on the different fishes in different farms displays that they possess a very high genetic similarity of 99.7%, higher than that of 99.41% for the single species N. melleni sampled in different areas, and the intraspecific divergence of N.melleni is 0.59%. Meanwhile, the interspecific differences between the two Neobenedenia and three Benedenia (i.e., B. lutjani, B. rohdei and B. seriolae) range from 2.08% tol 1.73%. In addition, UPGMA and MP molecular phylogenetic trees are constructed and proved to be consistent with each other. Though the morphological characteristics and the results of genetic diversity for the two Neobenedenia show a high similarity, whether they belong to a single species or not are still undefined, and the more genes of them should be further investigated, in combination with the systematical and detailed morphological study. 相似文献
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WANG Guoliang TAN Xiaolong SHEN Junling LI Jian ZHANG Lei SUN Jianwei WANG Bin WENG Manli LIU Tao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(3):112-117
Laminaria (Saccharina) is one of the economic important seaweeds.Through sequence analysis of 4 099 ESTs from Laminaria (971 were generated from our own cDNA laboratories and 3 128 were downloaded from updated EST databases) with SSRIT software,two hundred and fifty-four SSRs in 206 ESTs were found.From the 254 SSRs,sixty-three SSR primer-pairs were designed. In order to test their practicability, the 63 primer-pairs were tested in commonly used SSR reaction conditions using 12 Laminara DNA samples as templates. The results show that 23 SSR primer-pairs gave good amplification patterns on most (more than 80%) of the 12 Laminara DNA templates. Genetic diversity study of 12 Laminaria lines,which were widely used in breeding and economic cultivation in China,was performed based on the obtained SSR data. 相似文献
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为探究厚壳贻贝Hox基因家族的定位、进化以及在不同成体组织中的表达模式,基于厚壳贻贝全基因组数据,结合生物信息学方法,鉴定分析厚壳贻贝Hox基因家族成员的理化性质、染色体分布、系统进化关系、基因结构以及表达分析。结果显示,从厚壳贻贝全基因组数据中鉴定出11条Hox基因序列,并分别命名为Hox1-5、Antp、Lox2、Lox4、Lox5、Post1、Post2。对11条Hox序列的基本特征分析发现最长的是编码703个氨基酸的Hox2,最短的是编码190个氨基酸Post2,等电点5.11～10.22,且不均等分布于同一条染色体上。亚细胞定位预测结果显示,除Post1基因在细胞质和细胞核中均有发现,其余10个基因亚细胞均定位在细胞核内。系统进化分析发现,使用厚壳贻贝中鉴定出的101条氨基酸序列进行建树,聚类的结果倾向于四类,而从已鉴定的厚壳贻贝11个基因结合软体动物Hox建树结果分析, Post1和Post2聚为一支, Hox4、Antp、Lox5、Lox2和Lox4聚为一个大类,Hox1、Hox2和Hox3各自聚为一类Hox,此外,Hox5单独聚为一类。厚壳贻贝不同组织的qRT-PCR结... 相似文献
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近来的研究表明，一些所谓的环球或环极地分布的广布种实际上包含着一些局限性分布的隐存种，物种多样性可能被低估。本文采用形态学和DNA条形码技术相结合的方式，对印度洋和西北太平洋海域的龟螺属(Cavolinia)和小龟螺属(Diacavolinia)的种类进行了分类学研究和物种鉴定。结果表明，线粒体16S rRNA基因数据不支持小龟螺属形态种的划分，分布于西北太平洋的D. grayi、D. vanutrechti、D. pacifica、D. elegans、D. angulosa等多个形态种可能属同一个种，即长吻小龟螺(D. longirostris)。COI基因数据也不支持钩龟螺(C. uncinata)亚种和变形的划分。许多形态特征不能作为种或种下分类单元的区分依据。钩龟螺、球龟螺(C. globulosa)和长吻小龟螺在COI系统树中均形成2个地理支系，其内部可能存在隐存种。西北太平洋海域长吻小龟螺的核基因组中存在线粒体假基因，对DNA条形码分析产生严重干扰。 相似文献
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在保守序列高度相似的细菌鉴定中,单独使用16S rDNA/RNA序列进行比对和构建进化树通常无法准确鉴定到种,需要增加测序基因数并对多基因进行分析。为实现快速鉴定,课题组对16S与gyrB基因联合建树的方法进行了研究,将海洋来源的一株杆菌,分别用通用引物扩增16S和gyrB基因并测序,在GeneBank进行序列比对后,选择各菌种保藏中心16S和gyrB基因均相似的菌株,取16S和gyrB基因序列,采用Paup*4.0构建进化树。使用16S与gyrB拼接序列构建的进化树中属于同一种的菌株均很好的聚合在一枝,种间分枝自展值均高于98,分类结构准确,筛选得到的杆菌与地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacilluslicheniformis)聚合在一枝,自展值为100,鉴定为地衣芽胞杆菌。经生理生化试验验证,该菌株与地衣芽胞杆菌特征完全一致,使用16S和gyrB基因联合建树得到的鉴定结果准确且快速简便。 相似文献
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从发病死亡的养殖太平洋双色鳗鲡(Anguilla bicolor pacifica)肝脏中分离到一株优势菌AMSH1,为研究其种属、毒力及中药敏感性,结合BIOLOG微生物鉴定系统和16S r DNA序列分析对该菌株进行鉴定,并通过人工回归感染试验确定其致病性。此外,还研究了10味中药单用、10种双联用和4种三联用对该菌株的体外抑菌作用。结果显示该菌株为类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)。经人工腹腔注射感染健康太平洋双色鳗鲡,证实该菌具有致病性,半致死量LD50为3.2×105CFU/g。药敏试验结果表明,10味中药均有较好的抑菌效果,其中五倍子(Galla chinensis)、丁香(Eugenia caryophllata)和生地榆(Sanguisorba officinalis)的效果最好,7种双联用复方和1种三联用复方均具有协同抑菌作用。本次引起太平洋双色鳗鲡发病的病原为类志贺邻单胞菌,该菌对太平洋双色鳗鲡的致病性及其中药药敏的研究属首次报道。建议选用含五倍子的中药双联用复方或三联用复方进行防治,皆绿色环保。 相似文献
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拟相手蟹属因其形态极其相似成为相手蟹科分类中最有疑问的一个属。通过对中国沿海近亲拟相手蟹Parasesarma affine、斑点拟相手蟹P. pictum、三栉拟相手蟹P. tripectinis、P. ungulatum及褶痕拟相手蟹P. plicatum 5种拟相手蟹的形态对比发现,可从它们的螯足形状(包括螯足掌节背面的梳状栉,可动指背面突起数目)及雄性第一腹肢形状对其进行区分。对其线粒体16S rRNA基因序列进行分子系统发育分析,结果表明5种拟相手蟹之间的遗传距离为1.9%～9.3%,达到了种间差异水平;构建的系统发育树显示近亲拟相手蟹与褶痕拟相手蟹汇聚成一支,随后与P. ungulatum聚在一起,斑点拟相手蟹与三栉拟相手蟹汇聚成独立支系。形态和分子证据均支持5种拟相手蟹分别为独立有效物种。 相似文献
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Ophioleila elegans是一种非常少见的蛇尾。2014年大洋35航次中利用“蛟龙”号载人潜器在西北太平洋麦哲伦海山链的采薇平定海山水深1660m处采集到2株该种标本。该种首次发现于夏威夷海山相似的生境当中，本次采集到的样品是继首次发现之后的再次公开报道。本文中对该种的形态学特征，如腕部骨骼等，进行了更加详细的研究，同时基于COI序列进行系统发育分析。形态和系统发育分析的结果都表明，Ophioleila属与辐蛇尾科更加接近。 相似文献
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过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors,PPARs)是核激素受体超家族成员,在脂肪代谢过程中发挥重要的调控作用,目前贝类过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体仍未见报道。本文利用已发表的栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)基因组和转录组,获得其PPAR基因,命名为CfPPAR-like,基因开放阅读框全长1572 bp,编码486个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子量MW为54305.3 Da,等电点pI为8.3,二、三级结构以转角和卷曲为主,无信号肽和跨膜区域,属于胞内蛋白。与脊椎动物PPARs蛋白序列比对表明CfPPAR-like包含DBD和LDB结构域,其中DBD区域保守性较高,而LBD的保守性较低。进化分析显示,栉孔扇贝等软体动物的PPARs聚为单独一支,仿刺参等棘皮动物的PPARs聚为单独一支,果蝇和线虫的PPARs基因同源物在进化树的最外端,脊椎动物的三种PPARs亚型分别聚类后,再与无脊椎动物PPARs聚类,结果支持核激素受体超家族在脊椎动物进化早期出现了各亚型这一假说。CfPPAR-like在幼虫发育过程中呈现普遍性表达,暗示其参与扇贝幼虫早期的分裂,贝壳的形成以及幼贝的变态过程;在成体各组织中,CfPPAR-like在栉孔扇贝的性腺、肾脏以及消化腺中表达量较高,表明其参与扇贝性腺分化、脂肪代谢等过程的调控。研究结果对于揭示贝类脂质代谢调控机制以及优良扇贝品种的培育具有重要意义。 相似文献