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1.
Zn-粘土催化剂对染料废水的O3氧化降解性能的影响 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
对于生物难降解性有机染料废水,用矿物催化剂进行复合催化氧化获 得了比较理想 的实验处理效果。以粘土为载体加载金属锌氧化物制成的可重复使用的固体催化剂,对人工模拟的染料废水进行复合催化臭氧氧化实验,获得了满意的效果。该法进一步提高了臭氧的降解效果,降低了处理成本。 相似文献
2.
天然沸石是岩石圈上部分布最广的硅酸盐矿物之一,它普遍地见于各种火山岩和火山-沉积岩中。沸石不仅在岩浆期后热液阶段生成,而且在沉积-成岩作用阶段、表生作用(风化)阶段、低级变质阶段都可以生成。由于沸石对周围的物理化学条件和热、动力变质作用反应灵敏,因此,它是了解地质体形成时的地质环境及其变化的良好的指示矿物。本文概述了我国东部中生代火山岩中沸石岩的分布、时代、产出的地层岩性剖面、原岩类型、矿物组合及其生成顺序,并探讨了它的形成条件和成因类型,其中主要涉及具有工业意义的斜发沸石岩和丝光沸石岩。 相似文献
3.
天然水镁石及其煅烧产物对臭氧化降解水中苯酚的效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为有效去除工业废水中的苯酚,本文结合臭氧化技术,引入天然碱性矿物水镁石及其煅烧产物氧化镁作为催化剂,进行了催化臭氧化处理水中苯酚的研究。结果表明,加入的两种碱性矿物对臭氧化降解苯酚都有显著的催化效果。同时,碱性矿物的加入明显的改变了臭氧化过程中水体的pH值,从而对促进苯酚的降解起到了主导作用;除此之外,吸附实验及改变催化剂加入量的实验表明,碱性矿物表面对羧酸的吸附作用在一定程度上也导致苯酚降解效率的提高。本文工作为臭氧化降解水中苯酚提供了一种简便实用的处理方法,同时为天然水镁石矿物找到了新的应用领域。 相似文献
4.
本文通过两组不同水镁石-苯酚投料比的实验,研究固体沉淀物与水质变化的关系。实验显示,水镁石解离出的Mg2+与苯酚降解的中间产物能形成难溶盐,并发生沉淀分离,促进含苯酚废水臭氧化降解的效率。当苯酚的初始浓度为47 g/L,初始碳镁原子比(C/Mg)为30时,经3小时充分臭氧化曝气后,投加的水镁石全部耗尽。XRD、TG/DSC结果显示新形成的沉淀物为草酸镁。反应终点的pH值在4以下,TOC去除率为40%。当体系的初始C/Mg(原子比)为1,苯酚的初始浓度为1.5 g/L时,同样的臭氧化曝气过程体系残留的沉淀物仍是水镁石。反应终点的pH值在10左右,TOC去除率为92.8%。研究证明,苯酚臭氧化过程也是体系酸化的过程,至少在高C/Mg比条件下新生的质子能与水镁石解离出的羟基中和,水镁石解离出的Mg2+可与草酸根结合沉淀出草酸镁。 相似文献
5.
0 前言
一般而言,矿石的开采和选冶导致大量硫化物矿石及尾矿暴露于地表,改变了矿石原有的物理和化学状态,黄铁矿等硫化物矿物经风化淋滤作用将产生大量的酸性矿山废水,致使周围水体pH值降低,重金属和硫酸盐浓度严重超标,破坏矿区生态环境[1]. 相似文献
6.
《矿物学报》2016,(2)
与均相水热反应相比,异相水热反应不仅可以提供一个骨架离子的适度过饱和环境,而且其新相成核所需逾越的能垒较低,更有利于晶体的形成和生长。本文采用异相水热法合成在皂石,即固定初始物料中氧化镁的添加量与硅、铝的添加量之和的摩尔比为一定值,n(Mg)/n(Si+Al)=3∶4],在不同的合成温度和时间条件下合成了一系列不同Si/Al比的样品。所有样品的XRD图均呈现层状硅酸盐矿物的特征衍射峰,且d(060)≥0.153 nm,说明合成的是皂石矿物。其中,当n(Si)/n(Al)=5.43~7.89时,皂石的结晶度较好。实验表明,延长时间、提高合成温度有利于皂石晶体生长。在较低温度(160℃)下,样品中的杂相主要为水镁石和方沸石。水镁石相的存在主要归因于氧化镁在碱性条件下的快速水合及水镁石的慢速溶解,而方沸石则是由于Mg2+释放缓慢,导致溶液中Si4+及Al3+相对过剩而形成。这两种杂相均会随着反应时间的延长而逐渐消失。在较高温度(300℃)下,皂石的结晶度明显升高,并由于Mg2+的快速释放导致Mg2+的局部过剩,因而形成了少量1∶1型的纤蛇纹石。 相似文献
7.
阳离子染料是纺织印染工业中重要的染色原料之一,它对晴纶织品着色具有特殊的效果。着色后的染色废水呈酸性(pH=4～4.5),具色度大(平均为500倍左右,黑、大红等深色废水色度更高)、悬浮物小等特点。资料表明,对阳离子废水采用生化、物化或化学凝聚法处理都难以达到较理想的脱色效果。膨膨土有对阳离子交换量高的特点,在阳离子黑色(604~#)染料自配废水中,加入膨润土吸附染化料的显色剂中的色基盐,生成难溶或溶解度小的物质沉淀,达到对废水的脱色目的。 1.材料与方法 (1)采集贵州、浙江两地产膨润土为试验材料,粉碎至100目以下,各以250、500、1000mg称重分包待用。(2)配制浓度为2％的PAC溶液和1‰的PAM溶 相似文献
8.
酸化是一种广泛应用于碳酸盐岩储层的增渗改造技术,其基本原理是将酸液注入储层裂隙,通过溶蚀反应使矿物溶解形成虫孔等通道,从而提高储层的渗透性和生产效率。以往的研究主要聚焦于优化注酸条件以提高成孔效率,忽略了碳酸盐岩酸化副产物CO2的影响。本研究针对三个含单裂隙的碳酸盐岩试样,开展不同浓度盐酸溶液的酸化实验,监测试样渗透率的变化;并在试验前后分别进行裂隙表面形貌激光扫描和内部空隙CT扫描,基于扫描结果对比分析了注酸条件对溶蚀效果的影响。研究结果表明：在流速、酸液浓度与种类等条件相同的条件下,CO2是否进入超临界态对虫孔形态有重要影响;超临界CO2可有效促进虫孔的生长,生成窄而长的虫孔,并显著提高溶蚀效果,试样的渗透率可提高3~9倍;而在CO2未进入超临界态的条件下,溶蚀形态接近面溶蚀或锥形虫孔,未贯通试样,试验前后渗透率没有显著变化,这是因为酸化反应产生的气态CO2会阻碍酸液的流动,从而降低酸化效果。本文结果揭示了在酸化中正面利用副产物CO2的可能性,有助于对现有酸化工程方案的优化和提升。 相似文献
9.
通过具体实例,简要介绍了矿物材料学研究中有关反应动力学研究的基本原理,给出了对硅酸盐体系若干典型过程的反应动力学研究结果,包括:(1)高铝粉煤灰-Na2CO3体系的中温烧结反应和钾长石-石膏-碳酸钙体系钾长石的热分解反应;(2)KA lS i3O8-Ca(OH)2-H2O体系钾长石水热分解-雪硅钙石晶化反应;(3)S iO2-A l2O3-CaO体系微晶玻璃的β硅灰石晶化反应;(4)13X微孔分子筛和MCM-41介孔分子筛对Hg2+的吸附反应。反应动力学研究成果可望对矿物材料制备实验方案优化、工业生产过程的条件控制以及改进矿物材料性能提供理论指导。 相似文献
10.
酸性矿山废水中生物成因次生高铁矿物的形成及环境工程意义 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage,AMD)是一类pH低并含有大量有毒金属元素的废水。AMD及受其影响的环境中次生高铁矿物类型主要包括羟基硫酸高铁矿物(如黄铁矾和施威特曼石等)和一些含水氧化铁矿物(如针铁矿和水铁矿等),而且这些矿物在不同条件下会发生相转变,如施氏矿物向针铁矿或黄铁矾矿物相转化。基于酸性环境中生物成因次生矿物的形成会"自然钝化"或"清除"废水中铁和有毒金属这一现象所获得的启示,提出利用这些矿物作为环境吸附材料去除地下水中砷,不但吸附量大(如施氏矿物对As的吸附可高达120mg/g),而且可直接吸附As(III),还几乎不受地下水中其他元素影响。利用AMD环境中羟基硫酸高铁矿物形成的原理,可将其应用于AMD石灰中和主动处理系统中,构成"强化微生物氧化诱导成矿-石灰中和"的联合主动处理系统,以提高AMD处理效果和降低石灰用量。利用微生物强化氧化与次生矿物晶体不断生长的原理构筑生物渗透性反应墙(PRB)并和石灰石渗透沟渠耦联,形成新型的AMD联合被动处理系统,这将有助于大幅度增加处理系统的寿命和处理效率。此外,文中还探讨了上述生物成因矿物形成在AMD和地下水处理方面应用的优点以及今后需要继续研究的问题。 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
Emmanuel Skourtsos Daniel Vachard Alexandra Zambetakis-Lekkas Rossana Martini Louisette Zaninetti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):925-931
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931. 相似文献
15.
正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.) 相似文献
16.
正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.) 相似文献
17.
正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.) 相似文献
18.
正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus., 相似文献
19.
正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an 相似文献
20.
正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of 相似文献