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1.
采用微卫星位点对凡纳滨对虾的海南群体（进口亲虾繁育的第1世代：G1）、山东和饶平群体（G2）、湛江2和湛江3群体（G3）、湛江1和上海群体（G4）共4个世代7个养殖群体的遗传多样性进行了分析。从21对微卫星引物中筛选出12对有效扩增引物，对7个群体共280个个体进行扩增，得到10个多态位点，共获得等位基因数63个。各位点的等位基因数在2-15个之间，各群体的平均等位基因数在4．70—5．80之间。平均观测（期望）杂合度在0.36—0．43（0．53—0．65）之间。杂合子偏离指数（D）为负值，表明存在杂合子缺失现象。对7个群体、10个多态位点进行Hardy—Weinberng平衡检测，共有54个偏离平衡。对7个群体间的遗传分化水平进行检测，得到近交系数FIS在9个多态位点均为正值，两两群体间的固定指数FST值在0．149-O．375之间。FST显著性检验表明，各群体之间的遗传分化极显著（P〈0．01）。分子方差分析结果显示，大部分遗传变异（72．17％）来自于群体内，来自于群体间的遗传变异（27．83％）较小。凡纳滨对虾不同世代间遗传变异大，随着繁育世代的增加，遗传多样性降低。 相似文献
2.
青岛近海魁蚶群体等位基因酶遗传变异研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
采用淀粉凝胶电泳技术研究了青岛近海魁蚶自然群体的等位基因酶遗传变异。在十种等位基因酶中共检测到了二十二个基因座位，多态位点比例为45．5％，位点有效等位基因数分布从1．000～2．469（平均值1．415），位点杂合度观察值分布为0．000～0．595（平均杂合度0．105±0．023），在六个基因座位上存在相当明显的杂合子缺失现象。文中讨论了杂合子缺失的原因。 相似文献
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4.
广东沿海杂色鲍养殖群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验选取的7个杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)养殖群体分别来自广东汕头、汕尾、惠东、湛江和徐闻,深圳野生驯养,利用7对微卫星引物对上述群体进行了遗传多样性和群体遗传结构的分析。结果显示:7个位点产生的等位基因数从7～13个不等,共检测到68个等位基因,平均每个位点的等位基因数为9.71个。有效等位基因数的范围为3.8～8.1,平均观测杂合度范围为0.422～0.906,平均期望杂合度范围为0.748～0.917。7个群体的多态信息含量变化范围为0.657～0.883,PIC值均在0.500以上,表现为高度多态性。与两个野生驯养的养殖群体相比,其他5个养殖群体均存在不同程度的遗传多样性降低。AMOVA分析显示,4.79%的遗传变异来自于群体之间,95.21%的变异来自于群体内的个体之间。研究表明,广东沿岸的杂色鲍具有较高的遗传多样性水平,7个群体之间呈现一定的遗传分化。 相似文献
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采用淀粉凝胶电泳技术研究了青岛近海毛蚶自然群体的等位基因酶遗传变异。在十二种等位基因酶中共检测到了二十七个基因座位，多态位点比例为５１．８５％，位点有效等位基因数分布从１．０３０…２．５７７（平均值１．３８１±０．３４５），位点杂合度观察值分布为０．０２９…０．６１２（平均杂合度０．１３３±０．０３６），在六个基因座位上存在相当明显的杂合子缺失现象。文中讨论了杂合子缺失的原因。 相似文献
6.
采用聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳技术对福建平潭岛、浙江象山港、江苏海州湾和辽宁辽东湾4个海区菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)野生群体的生化遗传特征进行了分析.结果表明,菲律宾蛤仔4个群体的多态位点比例为62.5%～75.0%,平均杂合度观测值在0.274 3～0.338 7之间,与平均杂合度期望值相近;平均有效等位基因数在1.489 1～1.632 5之间,遗传变异水平较高;杂合子缺失不显著.比较群体间的遗传分化指数和群体每代迁移数发现,平潭岛、象山港和海州湾3个群体间的遗传分化不显著,而辽东湾群体与3个群体间出现遗传差异.聚类分析同样表明,平潭岛群体首先与象山港群体聚类,再与海州湾群体相聚,最后与辽东湾群体相汇.讨论了杂合子缺失不显著原因和群体间遗传分化机制. 相似文献
7.
欧洲牡蛎两个种群的遗传变异 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
用淀粉凝胶电泳检测和比较了来自爱尔兰自然群体和威尔土养殖群体的欧洲牡蛎Ostreaedulis11个基因位点的遗传变异。结果表明,两群体的平均杂合度观察值分别为0．081和0．144,多态位点比例（P0.99）分别为57．9％和42．1％,平均等位基因数分别为1．7和1．6,与已报道的欧洲牡额其他群体很接近,但与其他种类的牡蛎相比却很低。两群体之间相比,威尔土养殖群体的平均杂合度观察值明显大于爱尔兰自然群体的。这说明人为作用可以引起欧洲牡蛎群体的遗传差异。 相似文献
8.
马氏珠母贝金黄壳色系F3和基础群体 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2003年4月,从广东湛江流沙港养殖群体选取金黄壳色个体为亲本建立育种基础群体,2004-2007年期间,按照壳色性状对基础群体进行连续3代选择建立选系F3。2009年5月,利用10对微卫星引物分析了金黄壳色系F3和基础群体的遗传结构。结果表明:在10个位点中共检测出40个等位基因,每个位点产生的等位基因数2~6个,平均每个位点产生4个等位基因;金黄壳色系F3和基础群体的平均有效等位基因数分别为2.286 2和2.264 6,平均表观杂合度分别为0.411 9和0.440 3,平均期望杂合度分别为0.533 3和0.546 4,平均多态信息含量分别为0.472 2和0.465 5;两个群体的平均遗传分化系数为0.038 9,属于轻度偏中度分化水平。本研究说明了,经过3代连续选择后选系具有较高的遗传多样性。 相似文献
9.
采用微卫星位点对凡纳滨对虾的海南群体(进口亲虾繁育的第1世代:G1)、山东和饶平群体(G2)、湛江2和湛江3群体(G3)、湛江1和上海群体(G4)共4个世代7个养殖群体的遗传多样性进行了分析.从21对微卫星引物中筛选出12对有效扩增引物,对7个群体共280个个体进行扩增,得到10个多态位点,共获得等位基因数63个.各位点的等位基因数在2-15个之间,各群体的平均等位基因数在4.70-5.80之间.平均观测(期望)杂合度在0.36-0.43(0.53-0.65)之间.杂合子偏离指数(D)为负值,表明存在杂合子缺失现象.对7个群体、10个多态位点进行Hardy-wleinberng平衡检测,共有54个偏离平衡.对7个群体间的遗传分化水平进行检测,得到近交系数FIS在9个多态位点均为正值,两两群体间的固定指数FST值在0.149-0.375之间.FST显著性检验表明,各群体之间的遗传分化极显著(P<0.01).分子方差分析结果显示,大部分遗传变异(72.17%)来自于群体内,来自于群体间的遗传变异(27.83%)较小.凡纳滨对虾不同世代间遗传变异大,随着繁育世代的增加,遗传多样性降低. 相似文献
10.
魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)等位基因酶遗传变异研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术研究了秦皇岛、大连、青岛和韩国釜山４个魁蚶群体样本的等位基因酶遗传变异。在四个群体的１０～１２种等位基因酶中分别检测到了２２、２６、２２和２７个基因位点,４个群体的多态位点比例（Ｐ０．９９）分别为５０．００、５７．６９、４５．５０和６２．９６％,平均杂合度（观察值）则分别为０．０８７±０．０２４、０．１２３±０．０３８、０．１０５±０．０２３和０．０９１±０．０３１;平均位点有效等位基因数分别是１．２３０、１．３９８、１．４１５和１．２５３。另外,计算４个群体之间的遗传相似度（Ⅰ）和遗传距离（ＤＮｅｉ）,表明遗传同一性以秦皇岛和大连群体之间最大,其次为秦皇岛与青岛及大连与青岛群体之间,韩国釜山与其它３个群体之间存在一定的遗传分岐。４个群体在多个位点上都存在明显的杂合子缺失现象。文中初步探讨了引起杂合子缺失的可能原因 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
14.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
15.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
19.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
20.