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1.
曲线梁桥由于其平面不规则性导致结构在地震激励下产生弯扭耦合效应,使得隔震曲线梁桥的地震响应更加复杂。目前常用的控制方法是将隔震技术与附加减震装置相结合对曲线梁桥进行控制。本文将地震动考虑为一均匀调制非平稳随机过程,针对隔震曲线梁桥长周期、低频率的特点,选取Clough-Pension平稳地震动功率谱模型作为随机地震动输入模型,对无控(NON-C)、经典线性最优控制(COC)以及序列最优控制算法(SOC)三种状态下的曲线桥梁进行随机响应分析。通过建立曲线梁桥在随机地震动作用下的运动方程,求出减震控制结构的位移谱密度、加速度谱密度响应及时变方差。分析结果表明:序列最优控制算法(SOC)在使隔震层位移得到减小的同时,可以更有效地控制上部结构的地震响应,具有更好的控制效果。 相似文献
2.
断层附近强地震动半经验合成方法的研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
本文对利用经验格林函数法合成断层附近的强地面运动等问题做了初步研究。基于云南施甸5.9级主震和余震强震观测记录和本文提出的移动窗技术对断层附近的主震记录进行了分析识别，发现大震的Asperity(凸凹体）与小震在时程和Fourier幅值谱上存在一定程度的相似性。这种相似性从理论上，可以解释为这种小震视为大震Asperity的“种子”，大震的Asperity是由这些“种子”发育而成的。在此基础上合成了云南施甸距震中仅为1.1公里的主震记录，同时也提出以断层附近小震作为经验格林函数存在着一些缺陷。 相似文献
3.
We develop a probabilistic model for estimating the tsunami hazard along the coast of New Zealand due to plate-interface earthquakes
along the South American subduction zone. To do this we develop statistical and physical models for several stages in the
process of tsunami generation and propagation, and develop a method for combining these models to produce hazard estimates
using a Monte-Carlo technique. This process is largely analogous to that used for seismic hazard modelling, but is distinguished
from it by the use of a physical model to represent the tsunami propagation, as opposed to the use of empirical attenuation
models for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. 相似文献
4.
Model‐based evaluation of impact of soil redistribution on soil organic carbon stocks in a temperate hedgerow landscape 
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下载免费PDF全文 Agroforestry systems are promoted for providing a number of ecosystem services and environmental benefits, including soil protection and carbon sequestration. This study proposes a modelling approach to quantify the impact of soil redistribution on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in a temperate hedgerow landscape. Evolution of SOC stocks at the landscape scale was examined by simulating vertical and horizontal SOC transfers in the 0–105 cm soil layer due to soil redistribution by tillage and water processes. A spatially explicit SOC dynamics model (adapted from RothC‐26.3) was used, coupled with a soil‐redistribution model (LandSoil). SOC dynamics were simulated over 90 years in an agricultural hedgerow landscape dedicated to dairy farming, with a mix of cropping and grasslands. Climate and land use were simulated considering business‐as‐usual scenarios derived from existing information on the study area. A net decrease in SOC stocks was predicted at the end of the simulation period. Soil redistribution induced a net SOC loss equivalent to 2 kg C ha?1 yr?1 because of soil exportation out of the study site and an increase in SOC mineralization. Hedgerows and woods were the only land use in which soil redistribution induced net SOC storage. Soil tillage was the main process that induced soil redistribution within cultivated fields. Soil exportation out of the study area was due to erosion by water, but remained low because of the protective role of the hedgerow network. These soil transfers redistributed SOC stocks in the landscape, mostly within cultivated fields. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
The determination of a local lithospheric stress pattern from low magnitude seismic activity recorded at a loca array is attempted by means of numerical simulations that include waveform inversion and annealing inversion techniques. A set of flat stratified layers are assumed for the propagating medium. The tests show that the annealing algorithm is a useful tool in this kind of study where collected seismic activity at local arrays could help us better understand local stress distributions in the lithosphere. Although real data recorded at local seismic arrays should be processed, assuming more realistic crust and upper mantle models, many characteristics of the annealing process described here could be used when studying real problems. 相似文献
6.
In this paper a characterization of seismic site response is proposed, taking into consideration geo-morphological conditions, geotechnical and geophysical parameters such as slope, average shear-wave velocity, maximum expected acceleration on bedrock, depth of ground water table. An empirical relationship is presented between these parameters and applied, with the objective of determining ground motion amplification coefficients to be used in specific programs of land use or town planning dedicated to the mitigation of seismic risk. 相似文献
7.
We propose a stochastic methodology for risk assessment of a large earthquake when a long time has elapsed from the last large seismic event. We state an approximate probability distribution for the occurrence time of the next large earthquake, by knowing that the last large seismic event occurred a long time ago. We prove that, under reasonable conditions, such a distribution is exponential with a rate depending on the asymptotic slope of the cumulative intensity function corresponding to a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. As it is not possible to obtain an empirical cumulative distribution function of the waiting time for the next large earthquake, an estimator of its cumulative distribution function based on existing data is derived. We conduct a simulation study for detecting scenario in which the proposed methodology would perform well. Finally, a real-world data analysis is carried out to illustrate its potential applications, including a homogeneity test for the times between earthquakes. 相似文献
8.
Keisuke Ito 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1992,138(4):531-548
Recent advances in the theory of fracture and fragmentation are reviewed. Empirical laws in seismology are interpreted from a fractal perspective, and earthquakes are viewed as a self-organized critical phenomenon (SOC). Earthquakes occur as an energy dissipation process in the earth's crust to which the tectonic energy is continuously input. The crust self-organizes into the critical state and the temporal and spatial fractal structure emerges naturally. Power-law relations known in seismology are the expression of the critical state of the crust. An SOC model for earthquakes, which explains the Gutenberg-Richter relation, the Omori's formula of aftershocks and the fractal distribution of hypocenters, is presented. A new view of earthquake phenomena shares a common standpoint with other disciplines to study natural complex phenomena with a unified theory. 相似文献
9.
在地震储层预测中,可采用的地震属性种类繁多,但太多地震属性常常会起到干扰作用,影响储层的预测精度,因此,为提高地震储层预测精度,把粗糙集理论融入到地震属性的优化中,利用粗糙集理论所具有的提取有用属性、简化信息处理的能力,优选出地震属性中的敏感属性是本文的研究目的,本文采用了一种基于属性方差的自组织神经网络量化方法,并运用基于区别矩阵的属性频率约简算法对地震属性进行优选,实例分析表明:该方法可行有效,可以最大限度地删除冗余地震属性,用优选出的敏感属性组合对多种储层参数进行预测均已取得了较好的效果. 相似文献
10.
为保障住户地震安全和进一步研究多层砖房的抗震性能,由企业出资与研究所合作,在三向振动台上进行以四幢砖住宅为一系列的模型试验.本文为其研究论文之一,着重阐述在系列模型的设计中和地震模拟试验中的关键技术以及试验的最终结果. 相似文献
11.
Historical seismic data and seismogenic information are quite scarce for the low seismicity region, and modeling the parameters uncertainties based on probabilistic model is suspicious. The convex set theory-based seismic hazard analysis approach is proposed. The uncertainties of b value, the annual occurrence rate v and the upper bound magnitude Mu are described by the envelop bound convex model and the ellipsoidal bound convex model. Convex analysis method and China probabilistic seismic hazard analysis methodology are combined to perform a bound seismic hazard analysis for Ningbo city, China. The seismic intensity interval obtained using the bound seismic hazard analysis is compared with that calculated using China probabilistic seismic hazard analysis methodology. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the interval of seismic intensity is most sensitive to the annual occurrence rate v. Furthermore, the different convex models have little effect on the interval of seismic intensity. 相似文献
12.
Liquefaction of seabed under seismic loading is one of the main points that govern the overall stability of submarine pipeline. However, most previous investigations concerned only with free seabed and searched for seismic accumulative excess pore pressure by solving Terzaghi's consolidation equation containing pore pressure source term. It is not able to introduce two-dimensional structures such as submarine pipelines in one-dimensional problem, and it is also not able to obtain the distribution of seismic accumulative excess pore pressure in seabed around submarine pipelines by such a way. In this study, a FEM numerical analysis method for determining the liquefaction of sandy seabed around a buried pipeline under seismic loading is presented. The empirical mode of dynamic increase of pore pressure under undrained shearing induced by seismic loading is incorporated with two-dimensional dynamic consolidation equation and a numerical procedure based on FEM is developed to assess the accumulative excess pore pressure. By numerical computations, the accumulative process of pore pressure and liquefaction potential of seabed soil during seismic loading is evaluated. From a series of numerical computations based on the presented model with various parameters, the effects of soil characteristic parameters and pipeline geometry on seismic accumulative excess pore pressure around submarine pipeline and along the depth of seabed are explored in detail. 相似文献
13.
14.
基于韧性设计的一种地下框架结构抗震新体系研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
具有功能可快速恢复的抗震结构体系是结构抗震韧性设计的目标,结合浅埋地下框架结构地震破坏和失效模式的震害事例调查与分析以及抗震韧性结构设计的思想,本文提出一种可控制失效模式并具备自复位能力的浅埋地下框架结构抗震新体系。采用数值分析方法研究了传统地下框架结构体系与本文提出的新体系间的抗震能力差异以及新体系的自复位效果。结果表明:与传统的地下框架结构体系相比,新型地下框架结构体系的抗震能力显著提升,并具备良好的自复位能力,实现了结构抗震韧性设计的目标;新体系的自复位效果随轴压比的增加逐渐变差。结合算例,给出了浅埋地下框架结构自复位最大变形能力与轴压比的经验关系。 相似文献
15.
Geotechnical engineering aspects of the catastrophic earthquake, which occurred in Japan on March, 11, 2011 and called Tohoku
earthquake are discussed. A review is presented of the first results obtained mainly by Japanese scientists based on records
of seismic networks of Japan K-NET, Kik-net and on GPS data. The basic concepts of seismic zoning in Japan and the location
of the Tohoku-oki earthquake on the seismic zoning maps are described, as well as models of the source process obtained by
various authors based on teleseismic data, strong motion data, GPS data, and tsunami observations. The recorded peak accelerations
and velocities and their correspondence to the current empirical attenuation curves are discussed. The records of the Tohoku
earthquake made by Japanese seismic networks K-NET, Kik-net and some others represent unique seismological material and the
most complete seismic database (including vertical array records) in the near-source zone of a strongest earthquake with magnitude
M
w
= 9. These data will be studied by seismologists all over the world for many years and, probably, they will answer many questions
of geotechnical seismic engineering. 相似文献
16.
破坏性地震强度预测可用于工程领域抗震设防以及地震危险性分析评估,是防震减灾中一项很重要的基础工作.为了再现九寨沟地震的地震动强度,评估缺失强震记录的九寨章扎台站的地震动强度,本文用经验格林函数法对九寨沟地震进行了数值模拟.选取了震源周边地震动峰值加速度超过10 Gal的10个强震台站进行模拟.因未得到九寨沟地震的余震,初次尝试将汶川地震和定西地震的余震作为格林函数模拟九寨沟地震.模拟结果整体上可以反映各台站地震动的强度特征,尤其是地震动高频成份拟合较好.模拟值的地震动峰值加速度、时程数据、反应谱等与观测值拟合较好.预测结果显示漳扎镇的地震动峰值加速度值约为180~200 Gal.预测结果也表明在缺少大震的余震记录时,经验格林函数法使用其他大震的余震同样可以再现目标地震的强度特征.本研究也为经验格林函数方法在缺乏小震记录地区的使用积累了经验.最后总结了格林函数的选取标准,为经验格林函数方法来预测未来强震动特征积累了经验. 相似文献
17.
The analysis of prestack reflections may have a high diagnostic potential in the evaluation of the petrophysical characteristics of subsurface targets. However, the recovery of reliable seismic responses, especially when examining amplitude versus offset (AVO) variations, is of the utmost importance and is strictly dependent on the acquisition and processing steps. In order to evaluate the impact of different processing sequences, we examine the AVO responses of three seismic events from a marine data set. Borehole data indicate that these events are related to a lignitic sand, a gas sand and a cineritic bed. The AVO analysis is focused mainly on the reflections from the gas sand. In particular, we compare the results of a standard processing sequence with results from a surface-consistent approach and with results from a processing sequence tailored to this specific case. A decreasing AVO trend of the gas-sand reflection results from the analyses of data that have undergone the standard and the surface-consistent processing sequences. This contrasts with both theory and borehole information, which both predict an energy increase with offset. A detailed study shows that the receiver array attenuation, neglected in previous Studies, plays a major role in attenuating the far-offset reflections. Other propagation factors, such as offset-dependent geometrical spreading and Q absorption, produce only minor effects. Taking into account the above factors, we apply a third processing sequence whose impact on the AVO trend is evaluated step by step and whose results are compared with the previously applied sequences. This new sequence leads to better agreement between the AVOs predicted from borehole data and those measured on surface seismic data. 相似文献
18.
在进行未来破坏性地震的强地面运动数值模拟时,震源参数选取的准确性对地震动预测的结果影响很大。震源参数的确定存在很多不确定性因素,既包含随机的不确定性因素,又包含认知的不确定性因素。本文在大量地震事件及文献调研的基础上,运用统计学方法对具备随机不确定性特征的震源参数进行统计研究,以震源参数经验公式的形态建立解释其随机性和不确定性的数学模型。为了研究局部地区震源参数的定标关系特征,获得更加适用于局部地震密集区域,尤其是包含中国大陆地区在内的局部区域的震源参数的经验关系,本文从GCMT地震目录中选取了1 700多个MW≥5.5的地震事件,运用统计学方法研究地震密集地区的震源参数经验关系,包括震级、地震矩、破裂面积等,增加了相对较大的局部范围内凹凸体的地震样本数量,从统计学角度计算更加适合局部区域的震源参数的经验关系。统计结果表明:局部区域震例获得的震源参数的经验关系与不限区域震例获得的经验关系存在差异,尤其是涉及到断层破裂面积、凹凸体相关参数时差异较大,局部区域内震例获得的震源参数的经验关系将更具有代表性。应用本文获得的相对局部区域的经验公式计算未来破坏性地震的强地面运动所需的震源参数时,获得的地震动预测结果将更能体现目标区域真实的地震动特征,进而提高地震动预测结果的可靠性。 相似文献
19.
针对我国农居结构中比例最高的砖木结构,选取典型结构运用ABAQUS有限元软件进行模态和地震时程弹塑性分析。给出M0.5和M5两种砌筑强度砖木结构农居的前三阶特征周期和振型,并与经验周期公式值进行对比分析,提出后者存在的问题和修改建议。选取天津波作为地震动时程输入,分别计算不同峰值加速度下两种砖木结构农居弹塑性地震反应,给出相应的拉损伤云图,并对结构的破坏特征进行分析,给出结构抗震薄弱部位。结果表明,砌筑强度是决定结构抗震能力的关键因素之一。 相似文献
20.
One of the main purposes of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) is to collect, integrate and reprocess seismic bulletins provided by agencies around the world in order to produce the ISC Bulletin. This is regarded as the most comprehensive bulletin of the Earth’s seismicity, and its production is based on a unique cooperation in the seismological community that allows the ISC to complement the work of seismological agencies operating at global and/or local-regional scale. In addition, by using the seismic wave measurements provided by reporting agencies, the ISC computes, where possible, its own event locations and magnitudes such as short-period body wave m b and surface wave M S . Therefore, the ISC Bulletin contains the results of the reporting agencies as well as the ISC own solutions. Among the most used seismic event parameters listed in seismological bulletins, the event magnitude is of particular importance for characterizing a seismic event. The selection of a magnitude value (or multiple ones) for various research purposes or practical applications is not always a straightforward task for users of the ISC Bulletin and related products since a multitude of magnitude types is currently computed by seismological agencies (sometimes using different standards for the same magnitude type). Here, we describe a scheme that we intend to implement in routine ISC operations to mark the preferred magnitudes in order to help ISC users in the selection of events with magnitudes of their interest. 相似文献